Punching shear

• Using the results of the equivalent frames we also

check punching shear. In particulare we take:
– the bending moments on the column from the equivalent
frames
– we take the average shear force that is transferred from
the beam to the column from the two equivalent frames
 Punching shear
1. Check the maximum punching shear stress at
the column perimeter (u0)
vEd < vRd ,max
If this condition is not fulfilled we must change the
geometry.
VEd
vEd =β
u0 d

vRd,max = 0.5νfcd
 Punching reinforcement
2. Check if the reinforcement is required, i.e. at
the perimeter u1 we have to check that (EC2
6.4.3 6.4.4)
vEd < vRd ,c
VEd
vEd =β
u1d
1
vRd ,c = CRd ,c k (100ρl f ck ) + k1σcp ≥ ( vmin + k1σcp )
3
 Eccentricity of loads
• For an iternal rectangular column with
eccentric loading to both axes  can be
evaluated as:
2 2
 e y   ez 
β = 1 + 1.8   +  
 bz   by 

ey and ez are the eccentricities MEd/VEd

along y and z axes respectively
Design of punching reinforcement
• If we need to put reinforcement we can use
the expression for punching shear strength
with reinforcement as a design formula:
 Design of punching reinforcement
• We must also define the control perimeter at
which the reinforcement is not required uout,
or uout,ef as

the outermost perimeter of shear reinforcement

should be placed at a distance not greater than
1.5d from uout or uout,ef
Design of punching reinforcement
 Detailing rules
• Where punching shear reinforcement is required it should be placed
between the column and 1.5d inside the control perimeter at which
shear reinforcement is no longer required (uout).
• It must be provided in at least two perimeter of link legs
• The spacing of the link leg perimeter (sr) should not exceed 0.75d
• The spacing of link legs around a perimeter (st) should not exceed
1,5d within the first control perimeter (2d from loaded area), and
should not exceed 2d for perimeters outside the first control
perimeter where that part of the perimeter is assumed to
contribute to the shear capacity.
• The distance between the face of a support, or the circumference of
a loaded area, and the nearest shear reinforcement taken into
account in the design should not exceed d/2.
Detailing rules
 Detailing rules
• We also need to consider that where shear
reinforcement is required the area of a link leg
(or equivalent), Asw,min, is given by:
 uout
u1

st≤2.0d
>0.3d
<0.5d

st≤1.5d
Reinforcement design
We consider detailing rules defining:
• The position of the
outermost perimeter
• The position of the innermost
perimeter
• Considering that we must at
least use two perimeters we
calculate what is the radial
distance (sr) form the
innermost to the outermost
perimeters
Reinforcement design
We consider detailing rules defining:
• The position of the
outermost perimeter
• The position of the innermost
perimeter
• Considering that we must at
least use two perimeters we
calculate what is the radial
distance (sr) form the
innermost to the outermost
perimeters
• If sr is larger that the
maximum allowed (0.75d) we
must add further perimeters.
We define their number by
setting that they are closer
that 0.75d
 Reinforcement design
• Since now sr is given. We solve Eq.

for Asw (Total areal of links in one perimeter)

• We set st to the maximum allowed
• We solve

fow Asw,min (area of one link), and define the actual

area of the link
 Reinforcement design
• Since we know the required total area of links
in one perimeter Asw and the area of one link,
we can calculate the number of links in the
perimeters as Asw/(Area of one link)
• Check if the number of links fulfills the
requirements in terms of maximum st. If not
we adjust the number of links