DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

REGION III
Schools Division of Cabanatuan City
Maharlika Highway, Cabanatuan City

Electronic Components

ELECTRONICS

Writer/Illustrator/Layouter: Carlos J. Pailas Jr. (Teacher II, Honorato C.

Perez Sr. Memorial Science High School)

Project EL AR:
Enhance Learning
thru Adequate Resources
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 GUIDE FOR THE LEARNER, PARENTS,
GUARDIANS AND LEARNING FACILITATOR

To You, Learner:

Welcome to Electronics Grade 10 - STE Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Electronics

Components! This module was made to give you with fun and meaningful time for guided
and independent learning at your convenience. You will be able to process the contents
of this Module while being an active learner.

To You, Parent/s, Guardian/s and Learning Facilitator/s:

This Module was collaboratively developed and reviewed by the teachers, school
heads and supervisors of DepEd Division of Cabanatuan City to assist you in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their different
constraints in schooling. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how
to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

This Module is about the impact of electronic gadgets which has affect the way we
live today. It is useful in different fields such as medicine, education, manufacturing,
agriculture, communication and even in entertainment.

You have seen what comprises these electronic gadgets. These gadgets were
made because of electronic components, some of which are discussed in this module.

There are numerous basic electronic components that are used for building
electronic circuits. Without these components, circuit designs are never complete or
didn’t function well. These components include resistors, diodes, capacitors, integrated
circuits, and so on. Some of these components consists of two or more terminals which are
soldered to circuit boards. Some may be packaged type like integrated circuits in which
different semiconductor devices are integrated.

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 OBJECTIVES

1. To explain the uses and applications of different passive electronic components.

2. To explain the uses and applications of different active electronic components.

COMPETENCY

Explain the uses and applications of different electronic components.

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 WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is considered an active component?
a. Capacitors b.Transistor
c. Resistor d. Inductor

2. Which of these convert electricity to a magnetic field?

a. Transistor b. Transistor
c. Resistor d. Inductor

3. Capacitors are electronic components capable of storing and delivering electrical

charges. They are classified accordingly to the material used on their manufacturing
process. From the options below, which one ISN’T a type of capacitor:
a. Electrolytic b. Tantalum
c. Polyester d. Cereamic

4. Regarding diodes, we CANNOT state that:

a. They allow electrical current to flow on only direction, blocking currents coming from
the opposite direction.
b. Every diode has polarity.
c. The positive pole is called anode and the negative pole is called cathode.
d. They can only work as conductors

5. The term IC, used in electronics, denotes

a. Integrated Circuit b. Industrial Control
c. Internal Combustion d. Internal Circuit

6. A resistor has a color band sequence of Red-Red-Black-Gold. Its value is

a. 22Ω ±10% b. 0.22Ω ±10%
c. 2.2Ω ±5% d. 22Ω ±5%

7. The resistance of a resistor is 32 kΩ. What are the first two colors in the color bands of the
resistor?
a. Orange, Red c. Red, Brown
b. Red, Orange d. Yellow, Green

8. If you are to allow current to flow in one direction, which of the following should you
use?
a. inductors c. diodes
b. transistors d. IC’s

9. Which of the following statements is/are true?

I. Passive components operate even without power source
II. A diode is a passive component
a. I only c. Both I and II
b. II only d. Neither I and II

10. If you want to store electrical charges for future use, which of the following should you
use?
a. Resistor c. Capacitor
b. Inductor d. Diode

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 WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

The impact of electronic gadgets has affect the way we live today. It is useful in different
fields such as medicine, education, manufacturing, agriculture, communication and even in
entertainment.

Now, have you seen what comprises these electronic gadgets? If not, these gadgets were
made because of electronic components, some of which are discussed in this module.

There are numerous basic electronic components that are used for building electronic
circuits. Without these components, circuit designs are never complete or didn’t function well.
These components include resistors, diodes, capacitors, integrated circuits, and so on. Some of
these components consists of two or more terminals which are soldered to circuit boards. Some
may be packaged type like integrated circuits in which different semiconductor devices are
integrated. Here is a brief overview on each of these basic electronic components and you can
get in depth information by clicking links attached to each component.

Major Electronic Components

Basic Electronics Components

An electronic circuit comprises of various types of components, which are classified into
two types: active components like transistors, diodes, IC’s; and passive components like
capacitors, resistors, inductors, etc.

In designing of an electronic circuit following are taken into consideration:

 Basic electronic components: capacitors, resistors, diodes, transistors, etc.
 Power sources: Signal generators and DC power supplies.
 Measurement and analysis instruments: Cathode Ray Oscilloscope CRO), multimeters, etc.

Passive Electronic Components

These components can store or maintains energy either in the form of current or voltage.
Some of these components are discussed below.

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 Resistors
A resistor is a two-terminal passive electronic component, used to oppose or limit the
current. Resistor works based on the principle of Ohm’s law which states that “voltage applied
across the terminals of a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it” V=IR The
units of the resistance is ohms. where R is the constant called resistance

Types of Resistors

1. Fixed resistors. This type of resistor is used to set the right conditions in an electronic circuit. The
values of resistance in fixed resistors are determined during the design phase of the circuit, based
on this there is no need to adjust the circuit.

2. Variable resistors. A device that is used to change the resistance according to our requirements
in an electronic circuit is known as a variable resistor. These resistors comprise of a fixed resistor
element and a slider which taps on to the resistor element. Variable resistors are commonly used
as a three terminal device for calibration of the device.

3. Light-dependent and Temperature-dependent Resistors. Some resistors are used in electronic

circuits as sensors. These sensors are either light-sensitive, as in the case of the photocell, or
temperature-sensitive, like the thermistor. The photocell is sometimes referred to as light-
dependent resistor I-DR and the thermistor as a temperature-dependent resistor TDR. The LDR
and the TDR, just like the ordinary resistors, are used to limit the current in a circuit. By limiting the
current, these components can be used as a switch.

Color Coded Resistors

What are the colored stripes on small resistors for? The colored stripe of the resistors give
the resistance value through a code. By memorizing the color code of resistors, one can readily
know the resistance of a color-coded resistor.

Commonly there are three colored stripes in a color-coded resistor. The first two gives the
significant digits while the third stripe gives the power of ten with which to multiply the significant
digits. A fourth stripe which is spaced further away from the first three stripes indicates the
tolerance or the accuracy of the indicated value of resistance. The table below shows the color
code to determine the resistance of the resistors

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 Color Code
Black 0
Brown 1
Red 2
Orange 3
Yellow 4
Green 5
Blue 6
Violet 7
Gray 8
White 9
Silver 10%
Gold 5%

Color Coded Resistor

Capacitors

The capacitor is another important component of an electronic circuit; it stores electric

charges. The simplest capacitor is made of two metal plates with a small gap between them.
The small gap can just be air or any insulating material such as ceramic, mica, paper, plastic, or
electrolyte. Capacitors are named according to the insulating material used between the
parallel conductors. Hence, there are papers, mica, or electrolytic capacitors.

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 A capacitor is charged as soon as a capacitor is connected to a battery: The potential
difference of the battery causes charges to move along the wires. Electrons from the negative
terminal of the battery move towards one plate of the capacitor. At the same time, electrons on
the other plate move towards the battery. As a result, one plate becomes positively charged and
the other negatively

A capacitor has the ability to store the amount of charge necessary to provide a potential
difference equal to the charging value. If 220 V were applied, the capacitor would charge to 220
V. if 20 V were applied, it would charge to 20 V- The capacitor would also discharge the same
amount of potential difference that was charged.

Charge can be stored on a capacitor from less than a thousandth of a second to many
hours. That is why even when the television set is switched off; many of the capacitors inside the
television set which store charges at very high voltages remain charged. If you put your hand
even just close to one of them, the capacitor will discharge through your body and you will
receive an electric shock. Discharging a capacitor is achieved by having a second circuit
connected to the capacitor

A capacitor blocks the DC signals and allows the AC signals and also used with a resistor
in a timing circuit. The stored charge is Q=CV Where C is the capacitance of a capacitor and V
is the applied voltage.

Inductors

An inductor is an electromagnet. Whereas a capacitor stores energy in the electric field in

the space between the plates, an inductor stores energy in the magnetic field around its coil.

While a resistor opposes (restricts) the passage of current through it, an inductor opposes
a change in current in the circuit. Although it allows current to pass through freely, it delays the
increase or decrease of current in the circuit. So, it allows the current to pass freely, but it will not
let the current change rapidly. Change occurs more slowly than it would if the inductor were not
in the circuit.

To give an example on an inductor works in circuit, let us use the circuit below. The circuit
consists of a battery, an inductor (coil of wire), a bulb, and a switch. You will notice that without
the inductor, this is a flashlight circuit.

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 Without an inductor in the circuit, when the switch closes, the bulb lights steadily. But with
an inductor in the circuit, when the switch closes, the bulb glows brightly at first and then becomes
dimmer. When the switch opens, the bulb glows brightly and then quickly goes out. Why?

Light bulb is a resistor. It has a resistance much higher than that of a coil of wire (the
inductor). So when the switch closes, most of the current would follow the low-resistance path
through the coil. As current increases in the coil, magnetic field around the coil builds up too.
While magnetic field is building up, the coil prevents the flow of current to the bulb. Once the
magnetic field is built, current can flow normally through the wire. Thus, when the switch opens,
the magnetic field around the coil enables current to flow in the coil until the magnetic field is
gone. This current keeps the bulb lit for a period of time even though the switch is open. In other
words, an inductor can store energy in its magnetic field, and tends to resist any change in the
amount of current passing through it. The capacity of inductors to store energy is its inductance.
The standard unit of inductance, L is the henry (H).

*Note: Other passive electronic components include different types of sensors, motors, antennas,
memristors, etc. To reducing the complexity of this article few of the passive components are
discussed above.

Active Electronic Components

These components rely on a source of energy and are able to control the electron flow
through them. Some of these components are semiconductors like diodes, transistors, integrated
circuits, various displays like LCD, LED, CRTs and power sources like batteries, PV cells and other
AC and DC supply sources.

Diodes

A diode is a device that allows current to flow in one direction and usually made with
semiconductor material. It has two terminals, anode and cathode terminals. These are mostly
used in converting circuits like AC to DC circuits. These are are of different types like PN diodes,
Zener diodes, LEDs, photo diodes, etc.

Diodes

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 Transistors

A transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device. Mostly it is used as switching device

and also as an amplifier. This switching device can be a voltage or current controlled. By
controlling the voltage applied to the one terminal controls the current flow through the other
two terminals. Transistors are of two types, namely bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field effect
transistors (FET). And further these can be PNP and NPN transistors.

Transistors

Integrated Circuits

An Integrated circuit is a special component which is fabricated with thousands of transistors,

resistors, diodes and other electronic components on a tiny silicon chip. These are the building
blocks of current electronic devices like cell phones, computers, etc. These can be analog or
digital integrated circuits. Mostly used ICs in electronic circuits are Op-amps, timers,
comparators, switches ICs and so on. These can be classified as linear and nonlinear
ICs depending on its application.

Integrated Circuits
Display Devices

LCD: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat display technology, which is mostly used in applications
like computer monitors, cell phone display, calculators, etc. This technology uses two polarized
filters and electrodes for selectively disable or enable the light to pass from reflective backing to
the eyes of the viewer.

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 LCD

CRT:

Cathode ray tube display technology is mostly used in televisions and computer screens that
works on the movement of an electron beam back and forth on the back of the screen. This
tube is an elongated vacuum tube in which flattened surface has external components as
electron gun, electron beam and a phosphorescent screen.

Cathode Ray Tube

Batteries
Batteries are most common power source for standalone industrial, domestic and handheld
device applications. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical
discharge reactions. These consist of one or more cells and each cell contains an anode, cathode
and the electrolyte. The battery cells are classified into two types namely primary cells and
secondary cells. The primary cells are not of rechargeable type but the secondary cells can be
rechargeable.

Batteries

These are the few basic electronic components with a brief explanation on attached links.
Along with electronic components symbols, reader might have got a basic idea about these
components. We are pioneers in developing electronics projects using these basic components
with advanced controllers. Therefore, readers can comment below regarding any help for testing
these components and practical assembling into electronic circuits.

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 WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED?

Encircle the letter of the correct answer

1. The term IC, used in electronics, denotes

a. Internal Combustion b. Industrial Control
c. Integrated Circuit d. Internal Circuit

2. If you want to store electrical charges for future use, which of the following should you
use?
a. Resistor c. Capacitor
b. Inductor d. Diode

3. Capacitors are electronic components capable of storing and delivering electrical

charges. They are classified accordingly to the material used on their manufacturing
process. From the options below, which one ISN’T a type of capacitor:
a. Electrolytic b. Tantalum
c. Polyester d. Cereamic

4. If you are to allow current to flow in one direction, which of the following should you
use?
a. inductors c. diodes
b. transistors d. IC’s

5. Which of the following is considered an active component?

a. Capacitors b.Transistor
c. Resistor d. Inductor

6. A resistor has a color band sequence of Blue-Yellow-Red-Silver. Its value is

a. 64 x 102 Ω ±5% b. 64 x 102 Ω ±10%
c. 6.4 x 10 Ω ±5%
2 d. 6.4 x 102 Ω ±10%

7. The resistance of a resistor is 59 MΩ. What are the first two colors in the color bands of
the resistor?
a. Orange, Red c. Red, Brown
b. Red, Orange d. Green, White

8. Regarding diodes, we CANNOT state that:

a. They allow electrical current to flow on only direction, blocking currents coming from
the opposite direction.
b. Every diode has polarity.
c. The positive pole is called anode and the negative pole is called cathode.
d. They can only work as conductors

9. Which of the following statements is/are true?

I. Passive components operate even without power source
II. A diode is a passive component
a. I only c. Both I and II
b. II only d. Neither I and II

10. Which of these convert electricity to a magnetic field?

a. Inductor b. Transistor
c. Resistor d. Capacitor

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 ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 1

Encircle ten words that is related to electronic components.

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 ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 2

Complete the table below by identifying the electronic component being

described.

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 ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 3

Complete the table by supplying the necessary number using color

coded resistor.

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 16
What Do You Already Know?
1. c What Have You Learned?
2. d
3. c 1. c
4. c 2. c
5. a 3. c
6. d 4. c
7. a 5. c
8. c 6. a
9. a 7. d
10. c 8. c
9. a
10. a
Activity Number 2
Enrichment Activity Number 1 (In any
order)
1. fixed resistor
2. capacitor
3. integrated circuit
4. transistor
5. cathode ray tube
6. LCD
7. Inductor
8. Variable resistor
9. Diode
10. battery
Activity Number 3
ANWER KEYS
 REFERENCES

Books

1. Science and Technology IV: Physics Textbook (Quezon City, Philippines: Book Media Press,
2004), page/s 414-430

Online Sources

1. https://www.elprocus.com/major-electronic-components/ July1. 2020

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 Electronic Components
This Module is about the impact of electronic gadgets which has affect the way we
live today. It is useful in different fields such as medicine, education, manufacturing,
agriculture, communication and even in entertainment.

At the end of the lesson, you will learn what comprises your electronic gadgets like
cellphones, TV, computers and the like. You will also learn, the numerous basic electronic
components that are used for building electronic circuits which when combined together is
very useful part of electronic devices. Also, you will learn about each components
characteristics and importance to electronics.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Region 3 Division of Cabanatuan City

Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
This self-learning module (SLM) is developed by the SDO Cabanatuan City CID-LRMDS Team under
Project EL AR: Enhanced Learning thru Adequate Resources.
Cover and page elements illustrations by Jan Carl B. Briones ● Project EL AR logo by Gemmarie G. Rivas