Learner's Module in Technology and

Livelihood Education 10
Electronics Product Assembly and Servicing
(EPAS)
Quarter 1 ● Module 2 - Week 3 & 4
WINIE D. SALO
Developer

POWER SUPPLY (REGULATED AND UNREGULATED

LESSON 2
TYPE

TECHNICAL TERMS

AC / DC – An equipment that operates on either an AC or DC power source.

ANODE – The positive electrode of a device. The P material of a diode.
BRIDGE RECTIFIER – A circuit using four diodes that provides full wave rectification.
Converts Ac voltage to pulsating DC voltage.
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER – The rectifier that makes use of full AC wave in both positive and
negative half cycles.
LEAKAGE – A small undesirable flow of current through an insulator.
OUTPUT – A terminal at which a component, circuit or piece of equipment delivers current, voltage or
power.
PRIMARY WINDING – The first winding of a transformer. Winding that is connected to the
source as opposed to secondary which is a winding connected to the load.
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY – A power supply where the output voltage is not affected by
its loading factor.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM – An illustration of electrical or electronic circuit with the
components represented by symbols.
SECONDARY WINDING – An output winding of a transformer that is connected to the load.
SHORT CIRCUIT – A very low resistance between two points in a circuit causing excessive
current.

POWER SUPPLY
The function is to supply all the necessary power or voltage and current needed by any
electronic unit.
The power supply section can be considered the HEART of any electronic unit because
all the voltage and current that give life to the unit comes from it.
 CES NC II, Module 1

A basic power supply consists of three basic stages: the power transformer stage, rectifier
stage, and filter stage. An additional stage is sometimes added if there is a need for regulation. This
stage is called regulator.

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A POWER SUPPLY

STAGES/BLOCKS OF A POWER SUPPLY AND ITS FUNCTIONS

1. Transformer (step-down)
- Step down or lower the amount of AC voltage from the 220-volt source to the
desired level.

https://electricalfundablog.com/step-down-transformer/

2. Rectifier (diode)

- This converts the Alternating Current (AC) to a pulsating Direct Current (DC).
Rectifiers are primarily Diodes.

The most commonly used rectifier circuits are the bridged type and the center- tapped
transformer. These are the best configurations and most appropriate for most electronic
circuits.

https://www.elprocus.com/rectifier-diode-working-applications/
3. Filter (capacitor)

- Intended to smoothen or filter out the pulsating DC or ripples. The purpose of

filtering is to completely remove any AC voltage that may leak through during the
rectification

Bear in mind that any AC voltage that may leak through can produce an unwanted
humming sound.

https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-image-electrolytic-capacitor-icon-symbol-image27014451

4. Regulators

- To avoid DC voltage fluctuations to the load, a regulator circuit is used with the
power supply. As voltage regulator, it maintains the output voltage of the power supply at its
constant value regardless of the small changes or fluctuations of voltage from the source.
TYPES OF VOLTAGE REGULATORS

A. ZENER REGULATORS
A Zener regulator smoothens voltage fluctuations better than by using resistor.
Pagarigan & Bandi, Practical Electronics 2nd edition

B. TRANSISTOR REGULATORS

When the current requirement is about 1 ampere or greater, the transistor regulator
circuit should be used.

Pagarigan & Bandi, Practical Electronics 2nd edition

C. IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS

Preferable to the transistor regulator because of greater efficiency and few external
components.

THREE (3) TYPES OF UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY

1. HALF-WAVE POWER SUPPLY

It uses one rectifier diode to convert AC to DC utilizing only one half of each
input cycle.

Schematic Diagram

Pagarigan & Bandi, Practical Electronics 2nd edition

2. FULL-WAVE POWER SUPPLY

It employs two rectifier diodes arranged so that current is allowed to pass to the
load in the same direction during each half cycle of the AC supply.

Schematic Diagram

Pagarigan & Bandi, Practical Electronics 2nd edition

 3. FULL BRIDGED POWER SUPPLY

It employs four rectifier diodes to convert AC to DC. These is the best type of
unregulated power supply because it uses four diodes to convert AC.

Schematic Diagram

Pagarigan & Bandi, Practical Electronics 2nd edition

FUNCTIONS OF EACH PARTS/COMPONENTS

 PLUG – connects the converter from the supply voltage source.

 SWITCH – “ON” and “OFF” the converter.
 FUSE – protects the converter from damage due to shorts circuits or excess current.
 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER – reduce the supply source voltage to a lower value
as required (e.g., 220 v to 12 v).
 ROTARY / SELECTOR SWITCH – select the desired amount of AC to be
coupled to the rectifier diodes.
 RECTIFIER DIODE – converts the AC voltage to pulsating DC.
 FILTER CAPACITOR – used to filter out/removes the pulsations/ripples from the
rectifier diode to a pure DC.
 BLEEDER RESISTOR – acts as a path for the filter capacitor to discharge its stored
voltage when the converter is not in used.

References:

Sullivan, Kevin R., Automotive Series Electrical Circuits, Automotive Technology. Skyline College, San Bruno,
California: 1982

Pagarigan, Marconi S., and Bandi, Sharif A. Practical Electronics, Solid State Servicing, 2nd Edition. Quezon
Boulevard, Quiapo, Manila: 1986

Images, free download

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Fcimages%2Fmultimages%2F16%2F
s_electriccircuit.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Facademy%2Flesson%2Felectric-circuit-
diagrams-lesson-for-kids
 K-12 Basic Education Curriculum
ELECTRONICS GRADE 10

WRITTEN WORKS
T.L.E.
(Q1 – WEEK 3 &
4)

Name:Chard Joseph Vasco Section: 10-Trustworthiness

A. Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if the statement is wrong. Write
your answer on the space provided before each number.

False 1. In a half-wave power supply, it uses four diodes to convert AC to DC.

False 2. Rectifiers are primarily Capacitors.
True 3. IC regulators are preferable than transistor regulators because of greater
efficiency and few external parts.
True 4. Transformer stage or block of a power supply maintains the voltage output
regardless of fluctuations in the in input.
False 5. Bleeder resistors are considered as regulators.
False 6. Filter capacitors smoothen the pulsating DC and convert to pure DC.
True 7. Selector switch selects the desired amount of AC from the secondary
winding of the transformer and couple it to the rectifier diodes.
False 8. Regulators acts as a path for the filter capacitor to discharge its stored voltage
when the power supply is not in used.
True 9. Carbon composition resistors can be used as a voltage regulator.
False 10. Fuse protects the circuit if short circuit occurs or with excess current.
 K-12 Basic Education Curriculum
ELECTRONICS GRADE 10

PERFORMANCE TASKS
T.L.E.
(Q1 – WEEK 3 & 4)

Name:Chard Joseph Vasco Section: 10-Trustworthiness

Directions: Draw the schematic symbol and the pictorial / actual appearance of the following power
supply parts.

Electrical / Electronic Schematic Symbol Pictorial / Actual

Parts

1. Transformer (step-
down)

2. Rectifier diode

3. Filter capacitor

4. Transistor (regulator)

5. Integrated Circuit (IC)

regulator