Republic of the Philippines

PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION

Manila

BOARD OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Registered Mechanical Engineer Licensure Examination

Saturday, February 24, 2023 08:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING PART 1 DIAGNOSTICS A

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer
for each item by marking the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet
provided.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil No.2 only.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Two pounds of water occupy a container in such state that 0.5 Ib is vapor and the remainder
is liquid. If the pressure is 30 psia, find the quality
a. 18% b. 25% c. 43% d. 50%

2. The highest class of coal is:

a. bitumenous b anthracitic c. lignitic d. ferritic

3. A turbine accepts superheated steam at 800 psia and 1200 F and rejects it as saturated
vapor at 2 psia. Predict the horsepower output if the mass flux is 1000 lbm/min.

a. 11,970 hp b. 16,840 hp c. 6,290 hp d. 23,410 hp

4. The heating value of a fuel that considers that the hydrogen in fuel burns to form water
and is lost. This is the value often used in internal combustion engines (ICE)?.
a. LHV b. HHV c. As-fired HV d. Air-dried H

5. Determine the minimum volume of day tank in m3 of 28° API fuel having a fuel consumption
of 200 kg/hr.
a. 10.43 m3 b. 5.41 m3 c. 6.87 m3 d. 7.56 m3

6. An isentropic process:
a. is adiabatic and reversible.
b. is reversible but may not be adiabatic.
c. is adiabatic but may not be reversible.
d. is always reversible.

7. Air enters an insulated compressor at 100 kPa and 20 C and exits at 800 kPa. The exiting
temperature is nearest:
a. 530 C b. 462 C c. 323 C d. 258 C

8. The analysis of anthracitic coal from Claver, Surigao del Sur shows: 79% C, 16% H, 2%O
and 3% Ash. What air-to-fuel ratio by mass is required at 50% excess is required if ait
is supplied at 78½F, 1.874 bar?
a. 13.6 b. 21.8 c. 34.4 d. 67.5

9. In a non-flow isobaric process,

a. The heat transfer is zero. c. the work is equal to delta_U.
b. The heat transfer is equal to delta_H d. the work is equal to delta_H.

10. Half a pound of gas undergoes a reversible non-flow process with the pressure remaining
constant at 50 psia while the volume increases from 4 ft3 to 8 ft3. Find the work done,
Btu/lb. Assume 1 Btu = 778 ft-lbf.
a. 74.0 b. 32.6 c. 99 d. 64.2
11. In an actual gas turbine engine, the temperature of gas at turbine exit is:
a. Lower than it were isentropic
b. Higher than it were isentropic
c. Equal if it were isentropic
d. always half the value of that it were isentropic.

12. Calculate the theoretical air needed for the complete combustion of ethane C2H6 for 20
kg fuel.
a. 432.23 kg b. 287.45 kg c. 234.45 kg d. 320.32 kg

13. Air initially at 25 C and 150 kPa is heated in a constant volume non-flow process until
the pressure reaches 750 kPa. Find the required heat transfer, KI/kg. ,
a. 118.9 KJ/kg b. 798.54 KJ/kg c. 666.3 KJ/kg d. 853.4 KJ/kg

14. Engine knocking due to premature combustion occurs when:

a. The piston is at the bottom dead center.
b. The piston is at the top dead center.
c. The piston approaches the top dead center.
c. The piston approaches the bottom dead center.

15. Determine the brake power of the engine having a brake thermal efficiency of 35% and uses
250 API fuel consumption of 40 kg/hr.
a. 165.84 KW b. 173.52 KW c. 189.89 KW d. 160.67 KW

16. The Meserati Model 4V-38900 has a 4-stroke, 8 cylinder diesel engine with bore and stroke
of 9 in. x 12 in, respectively and speed of 1000 rpm has a break mean effective pressure
of 165 psi. Determine the engine brake horsepower.
a. 1753.34 Hp b. 1850.34 Hp c. 1950.34 Hp d. 1272.34 Hp

17. Which of the following engines is used in early solar power plant?
a. Otto b. Stirling c. Brayton d. Diesel

18. Air at P1 = 400 kPa and T1 = 70 C is heated in a rigid volume until T2 = 400 C. The heat
transfer, Q is nearest:
a. 508 kJ/kg b. 604 kJ/kg c. 152 kJ/kg d. 236 kJ/kg

19. A bituminous coal has the ultimate analysis: C = 74.5%, H2 = 3.54%, Ash – 7.7%. The Orsat
analyzer indicates in %by volume of flue gas are: 6.56% CO2, 3.43% CO, 3.23%O2 and the
rest are N2. What is the air-to-fuel ratio?
a. 14.3 b. 23.4 c. 11.2 d. 19.8

20. It took 39 seconds for 60 mL of SAE 10W-25 fuel oil to completely pass the orifice of a
Saybolt viscometer. What is the viscosity in furols?
a. 3.45 b. 2.11 c. 8.23 d. 4.03

21. A CFB boiler uses Semirara coal with an ultimate analysis of

50.52% C, 6.55% H, 35.86% O, 1.01% N, 0.43%S and 5.63% Ash. Using Dulong’s
Formula. What is the HHV of the coal in BTU/lb?
a. 8,677 b.7,677 c. 9,677 d. 6,677

22. An Otto cycle has an initial temperature of 30°C and pressure of 100 kpa. The maximum
temperature of the cycle is 1500°C with compression ratio of 6. Find the maximum pressure
of the cycle.
a. 567 kpa b. 2938 kpa c. 3304 kpa d. 3511 kpa

23. Jump-starting an internal combustion engine in automobiles is done by:

a. starter motor c. alternator
b. Brake d. flywheel.

24. A 6-cylinder, 20 cm x 27 cm, 4-stroke cycle Diesel engine on an actual test was found to
use 30 kg of fuel with heating value of 20,000 KJ/kg in a one (1) hour test. If the thermal
efficiency of this engine is 40% while operating at 600 rpm, determine the piston
displacement:
a. 622 L/s b. 255 L/s c. 133 L/s d. 182 L/s

25. A steam turbine has an inlet enthalpy of 2800 KJ/kg with velocity of 40 m/s. The exit steam
condition 2650 KJ/kg. Find the exit velocity.
a. 549.18 m/s b. 323.55 m/s c. 456.34 m/s d. 658.23 m/s

26. A building has to be maintained at 18°C at all times. A heat pump is required for this.
When temperature outside the building drops to -6°C, the building losses heat at a rate
of 12,000 KJ/hr. Compute the least power necessary to drive the heat pump.
a. 48.15 kw b. 25.06 kw c. 0.16 kw d. 0.275 kw

27. A 25 cm x 38 cm, 4-stroke, 12-cylinder, running at 600 rpm diesel engine develops a torque
of 7.727 kN-m at 0.723 MPa effective pressure. The brake mechanical efficiency of the engine
is nearly:
a. 40% b. 50% c. 60% d. 80%

28. Air is compressed isothermally at 20°C from 95 kpa to 750 kpa. Find the work done during
the process.
a. 173.75 KJ/kg c. 187.45 KJ/kg
b. 123.44 KJ/kg d. 109.34 KJ/kg
29. An air standard dual cycle has a compression ratio of 16, and compression begins at 1 bar,
50°C. The maximum pressure is 70 bar. The heat transferred to air at constant pressure
is equal to that at constant volume. Determine the cycle efficiency.
a.86.5% b. 78.5% c. 54.3% d. 66.5%

30. Air at 120 kpa and has 25°C temperature has a velocity of 180 m/s. Find the stagnation
pressure.
a. 125.54 kpa b. 243.45 kpa c. 144.34 kpa d. 110.23 kpa

31. One kmol of C8H18 is burned with 100% air containing 25 Kmol of O2. Determine the air-fuel
ratio for this combustion process.
a. 30.38 kg air/kg fuel c. 25.73 kg air/kg fuel
b. 35.72 kg air/kg fuel d. 45.07 kg air/kg fuel

32. Steam leaves a boiler at 600 psia and 750°F at

the rate of 75,000 lb/hr through the main steam
line which has a cross sectional area of 0.322 ft2.
Find the velocity of the steam in the line
a. 87.3 ft/sec
b. 45.8 ft/sec
c. 66.9 ft/sec
d. 73.3 ft/sec

Hint: mass rate = v * Area / specific vol.

33. Determine the brake power of the engine having a brake thermal efficiency of 35% and uses
250 API fuel consumption of 40 kg/hr of fuel. Answer B or C
a. 165.84 KW b. 173.52 KW c. 189.89 KW d. 160.67 KW

34. Compute the mass of a 2 m3 propane at 280 kPa and 40°C.

A. 6.47 kg B. 5.1 kg C. 10.20 kg D. 9.47 kg

35. The constant pressure gas turbine works on the principle of:
A. Carnot cycle C. Bell-Coleman cycle
B. Rankine cycle D. Brayton cycle

36. If the cut-off ratio of diesel cycle increases, the cycle efficiency will
a. Decrease b. Increase c. Remains the same d. None of these

37. An ideal gas at 50 psig and 110°F is heated in a closed cylindrical vessel. What is the
temperature if the pressure gauge reading is 100 psig?
a. 700 1/2F b. 550.5 1/2F c. 532.76 1/2F d. 700 1/2F

38. A vapor compression engine operates between temperatures -10°F and -190°F. Find the
coefficient of performance.
a. 4.5 b. 3.5 c. 6 d. 2.5

39. An air-standard gas turbine engine is operating at suction condition of 37degC and 1 atm
and compresses the air to 7 atm. If the temperature at the entrance of the turbine is 1430degC,
what is the back-work ratio of the plant?
a. 0.317 b. 0.212 c. 0.542 d. 0.251

40. One kilogram of air is heated in a rigid container from 20 C to 300 C. The entropy change
is nearest:
a. 0.64 kJ/K b. 0.54 kJ/K c. 0.48 kJ/K d. 0.34 kJ/K

41. Determine the stagnation temperature inside a tank if helium escapes at a rate of 567 m/s
through a pressure relief valve at which the entrance temperature is 9 degC and 1 bar?
Assume R = 2078.5 J/kg-K.
a. 40degC b. 50degC c. 20degC d. 80 degC

42. The device used to measure torque of an engine is:

a. clinometer b. dynamometer c. tachometer d. thermometer

43. Determine the Mach number of flow for carbon dioxide gas ( R = 35.12 ft-lbf/lbm-R) along
a converging nozzle if the entrance temperature is at 56.89 degF and the stagnation
temperature is 98.11 degF? For CO2, k = 1.24
a. 0.332 b. 1.433 c. 1.072 d. 0.815
44. Steam exists in a volume at 288 degC and 2 MPa.
Estimate the specific volume.

a. 0.1221 m3/kg
b. 0.1148 m3/kg
c. 0.1192 m3/kg
d. 0.1207 m3/kg

45. An air-standard combustion engine of CAMRO Inc. Operates on a Diesel cycle has a compression
ratio of 15. The pressure and temperature at the beginning of compression are 1 bar and
17ºC, respectively. If the maximum temperature of the cycle is 2,250K, determine the
following the efficiency:
a. 68.45% b. 34.23% c. 57.45% d. 11.43%

46. A spark-ignition engine with 16% clearance operates on 250 gram of air with an initial
condition of 100 KPa and 50ºC. The energy released during heat addition is 600 KJ. Compute
for thermal efficiency:
a. 54.7% b. 39.6% c. 65.3% d. 42.1%

47. A diffuser will:

a. Decrease the pressure by increasing velocity
a. Decrease the pressure by decreasing velocity
a. Increase the pressure by decreasing velocity
a. Increase the pressure by increasing velocity.

48. The pressure of steam at 400 degC and u = 2949 kJ/kg is nearest:
a. 1.9 MPa b. 1.8 MPa c. 1.7 MPa d. 1.4 MPa

49. The Malampaya OGP Facility gas turbine power plant with an ideal regenerator operates
at a suction air pressure of 15.73 psia and 70 F. The pressure ratio is 8 and the combustor
extracts an energy of 900 Btu/lb of air. Determine the cycle efficiency:
a. 79.6% b. 88.5% c. 54.1% d. 44.8%

50. All throttling processes are nearly:

a. Adiabatic b. isothermal c. isentropic d. isenthalpic.
 Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila

BOARD OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Registered Mechanical Engineer Licensure Examination

Saturday, February 24, 2023 08:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING PART 1 DIAGNOSTICS B

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer
for each item by marking the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet
provided.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil No.2 only.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Find the mass of carbon dioxide having a pressure of 20 psia at 200°F with 10 ft3 volume.
Assume MW = 44 kg/kmol.
A. 1.04 lbs. B. 1.14 lbs. C. 1.24 lbs. D. 1.34 lbs.

2. The ultimate analysis of a sample of coal gave the following analysis by weight C = 65%, H2
= 6%, S= 1.5%, O2 = 18%. Find the calorific value of this coal:
A. 18,083 BTU/lb C. 9,867 BTU/lb
B. 13,476 BTU/lb D. 11,849 BTU/lb

3. Brayton cycle cannot be used in reciprocating engines even for same adiabatic compression
ratio and work output because:
A. Brayton cycle is highly efficient
B. Brayton cycle is for low speed engines only
C. Brayton cycle needs large air-fuel ratio
D. Large volume of low pressure air cannot be efficient handled in reciprocating engines

4. In order to increase the gas velocity gas turbines generally have fixed nozzles. This is to
allow the:
A. Compression of gases C. Condensation of gases
B. Expansion of gases D. Evaporation of gases

5. One thousand Btu of heat is added to 2 Ibm of

steam maintained at 60 psia. Calculate the final
temperature if the initial temperature of the
steam is 600°F:

A. 1551°F
B. 1741°F
C. 2180 °F
D. 1292°F

6. Air is compressed in a cylinder such that the volume changes from 0.2 to 0.02 m3. The pressure
at the beginning of the process is 200 kPa. Calculate the work if the temperature is constant
at 50°C.
A. -36 kJ B. -53.3 kJ C. 12.0 kJ D. -92.1 kJ

7. What is the Mach number of flow for ammonia gas (k = 1.24) escaping from pressurized tand
at 5 atm? Assume atmospheric condition of 1.05 atm:
A. 0.87 B. 1.3 C. 1.7 D. 2.33

8. A 4-cylinder petrol (gasoline) engine works on a mean effective pressure of 5 bar and engine
speed of 1250 r.p.m. Find the indicated power developed by the engine if the bore is 100 mm
and stroke 150 mm.
A. 6.11 kW B. 7.86 kW C. 4.21 kW D. 5.34 kW

9. Steam expands isentropically through a turbine from 6 MPa and 600°C to 10 kPa. Calculate the
power output if the mass flux is 2 kg/s.
A. 2774 kW B. 1729 kW C. 7390 kW D. 1390 kW
10. In coal-fires power plant, a single feedwater-heater regenerative cycle the steam enters the
turbine at 30 bar, 400°C and the exhaust pressure is 0.10 bar. The feed water heater is a
direct contact type which operates at 5 bar. Find the cycle efficiency:

Data from steam table:

At 30 bar, 400C : h = 3230.9 kJ/kg, s = 6.921 kJ/kg K
At 5 bar : sf = 1.8604 kJ/kg K, sg = 6.8192 kJ/kg K, hf = 640.1 kJ/kg
At 0.1 bar : sf = 0.649 kJ/kg K, sfg = 7.501 kJ/kg K, hf = 191.8 kJ/kg K, hfg = 2392.8 kJ/kg
K

A. 47% B. 68% C. 36% D. 23%

11. Converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy.

A. Fuel cell C. Magnetohydrodynamic generator
B. Battery D. Thermoelectric generator

12. The _____ of fuels oil is the lowest temperature at which it will flow as a liquid.
A. Fire point B. Pour point C. Flash point D. Viscosity

13. The air-to-fuel ratio of required to burn pure heptane (C7H16) at 40% excess is most nearly:
A. 32.67 B. 19.67 C. 24.78 D. 21.26

14. An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18, and the heat transferred to the
working fluid per cycle is 1800 kJ/kg. At the beginning of the compression stroke, the pressure
is 1 bar and the temperature is 300 K. Calculate thermal efficiency
A. 61% B. 52% C. 67% D. 73%

15. Steam at 100 psi and 400 F is:

A. Saturated C. Superheated
B. Wet D. Above critical point.

16. The efficiency of an Otto cycle is 50% and the Cp/Cv is 1.5. What is the compression ratio?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

17. The power requirement of a Carnot refrigerator in maintaining a low temperature

region at 300 K is 1.5 kW per ton. Find the heat rejected.
A. 4.02 kW B. 7.02 kW C. 5.02 kW D. 6.02 kW

18. Which of the following is the product of the cylinder area and stroke?
A. Bore B. Stroke C. Swept volume D. Clearance

19. The Brayton gas turbine cycle is also known as:

A. Joule cycle B. Stirling cycle C. Ericsson cycle D. Atkinson cycle

20. Steam is admitted to the cylinder of an engine in such a manner the average effective pressure
is 120 psi. The diameter of the piston is 10 in. and the length of a stroke is 12 in. What
is the Hp of the engine when it is making 300 rpm?
A. 171.4 Hp B. 175 Hp C. 173.2 Hp D. 174.4 Hp

21. Combined process of cooling and humidifying is also known as:

A. Heating and humidifying C. Cooling tower
B. Evaporative cooling process D. Moisture removal process
22. A 4 kg of air enters a turbine with enthalpy of 600 kJ and velocity of 250 m/s. The enthalpy
at exit is 486 kJ and velocity of 170 m/s. What is the work developed if there is a heat loss
of 10 kJ?
A. 122.83 kJ B. 171.2 kJ C. 80.2 kJ D. 28.3 kJ

23. A gas turbine power plant operating on the Brayton cycle delivers 15 MW (net power) to a standby
electric generator. What are the mass flow rate of air if the minimum and maximum pressures
are 100 kPa and 500 kPa respectively and temperature of 20°C and 1000°C?
A. 31.97 kg/s B. 36.98 kg/s C. 41.97 kg/s D. 46.98kg/s

24. The load on a water-cooled condenser is 90,000 Btu/hr. if the quantity of water circulated
through the condenser is 15 gpm, determine the temperature rise of the water in the condenser.
Conversions: 1 ft3 = 7.481 gal, Cp of water = 1 Btu/lbm-R, water density = 62.4 ft3/lbm

A. 12°F B. 14°F C. 16°F D. 18°F

25. A diesel power plant uses fuel with heating value of 43,000 kJ/kg. What is the density of
the fuel at 25°C?
A. 840 kg/m3 B. 873 kg/m3 C. 970 kg/m3 D. 940 kg/m3

26. Compute the mass of a 2 m3 propane (C3H8) t 280 kPa and 40°C.
A. 6.47 kg B. 5.1 kg C. 10.20 kg D. 9.47 kg

27. Determine the internal energy of argon (MW = 40 kg/kmol) at 150½C. Recall U = Cv*T
A. 133 kJ/kg B. 231 kJ/kg C. 263 kJ/kg D. 106 kJ/kg

28. A tank contains 90 ft3 of air at a pressure of 350 psig; if the air is cooled until its pressure
and temperature decreases at 200 psig and 70°F respectively, what is the decrease in internal
energy?
A. -7535.09 Btu B. -5552 Btu C. 5552 Btu D. -6232.09 Btu

29. An air standard engine has a compression ratio of 18 and a cut-off ratio of 4. If the intake
air pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 27°C, find the work in kJ per kg.
A. 2976 B. 2166 C. 1582 D. 2751

30. A steam turbine with 85% stage efficiency receives steam at 7 MPa and 550°C and exhausts at
20 kPa. Determine the turbine work.

@ 7 MPa and 550°C: h1 = 3530.9 kJ/kg s1 = 6.9486 kJ/kg-K

@ 20 kPa (0.020 MPa): sf = 0.8320 kJ/kg-K hf = 251.40 kJ/kg
sfg = 7.0766 kJ/kg-K hfg = 2358.3 kJ/kg

A. 1,117 kJ/kg C. 1,132 kJ/kg

B. 1,123 kJ/kg D. 1,055 kJ/kg

31. Air flows through a nozzle with temperature of entrance of 420 K stagnation temperature of
468 K. Find the Mach number.
A. 0.744 B. 0.754 C. 0.764 D. 0.77

32. A 4 kg of air enters a turbine with enthalpy of 600 kJ and velocity of 250 m/s. The enthalpy
at exit is 486 kJ and velocity of 170 m/s. What is the work developed if there is a heat loss
of 10 kJ?
A. 122.83 kJ B. 171.2 kJ C. 80.2 kJ D. 28.3 kJ

33. In an air-standard gas turbine engines, the compressor receives air at 101.325kPa, 21°C and
it leaves at 600 kPa at the rate of 4 kg/s. Determine the turbine work if the temperature
of the air entering the turbine is 1000°C.
A. 3000 kW B. 2701 kW C. 2028 kW D. 3500 kW

34. Air enters a alfa-laval nozzle at stagnation condition of 139½F and 14.3 psia and exits at
a temperature of 88 F. Determine the exit velocity in ft/s:
A. 605 B. 782 C. 881 D. 1028

35. An Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. Find the pressure during compression.
A. 18.38 B. 16.38 C. 14.38 D. 12.28

36. Air compressed adiabatically from 30°C to 100°C. If the mass of air being compressed is 5
kg, find the change of entropy.
A. 1.039 kJ/K B. 0.746 kJ/K C. 0 D. 1.245 kJ/K

37. Carbon dioxide flows through a nozzle with a speed of 400 m/s. Compute the dynamic temperature
if flow is sonic.
A. 92.56 K B. 94.56 K C. 96.56 K D. 98.56 K

38. A nozzle will:

b. Decrease the pressure by increasing velocity
a. Decrease the pressure by decreasing velocity
a. Increase the pressure by decreasing velocity
a. Increase the pressure by increasing velocity.
39. Air at 300 K and 200 kPa is heated at constant pressure to 600 K. Determine the change of
internal energy.
A. 245.58 kJ/kg B. 235.58 kJ/kg C. 225.58 kJ/kg D. 215.58 kJ/kg

40. Air at 10°C and 80 kPa enters a diffuser of a jet engine steadily with a velocity of 200 m/s.
The inlet area of diffuser is 0.40 m2. Determine the mass flow rate of air.
A. 72.79 kg/s B. 74.79 kg/s C. 76.79 kg/s D. 78.79 kg/s

41. Helium gas is compressed in an adiabatic compressor from an initial state of 14 psia and
50°F to a final temperature of 320°F in a reversible manner. Determine the exit pressure of
Helium.
A. 31.5 psia B. 40.5 psia C. 42.5 psia D. 44.5 psia

42. The gas turbine engine efficiency may be increased by:

A. Installment of gas reheater.
B. Installment of regenerator
C. Installment of multiple combustor

43. A 50 kg block of iron casting at 500 K is thrown into a large lake that is at a temperature
of 285 K. The iron block eventually reaches thermal equilibrium with the lake water. Assuming
average specific heat of 0.45 kJ/kg-K for the iron, determine the entropy generated during
this process:
A. -12.65 kJ/K B. 16.97 kJ/K C. 4.32 kJ/K D. 6.32 kJ/K

44. A gas turbine power plant in Leyte has a net power of 10 MW. The backwork ratio of the plant
is 0.005. Determine the compressor work.
A. 54.78 kW B. 30.35 kW C. 50.25 kW D. 44.45 kW

45. If air is at a pressure of 22.22 psia and at a temperature of 800°R, what is the specific
volume?
A. 11.3 ft3/lbm B. 33.1 ft3/lbm C. 13.3 ft3/lbm D. 31.3 ft3/lbm

***END***

WARNING: Failure to submit this test question set will be a ground for
disciplinary actions.