Conditional sentences:

Conditional sentences have two parts: the if-clause and the

main clause.

Conditional sentence type 0 : the present real conditional:

general and scientific fact
The verb in the if-clause is present, the verb in the main clause
is present.
If + present, present
present if + present
 if you heat ice, it turns to water. It turns water if you heat
ice.
 If there is a shortage of any product, prices of that product
go up.
In present real condition, when / whenever can be used
instead of if.
 Whenever you heat ice, it turns to water.
 when there is a shortage of any product, prices of that
product go up.

Conditional sentence type 1: the future real conditional:

probable
The verb in the if-clause is present, the verb in the main clause
is future simple.
If + present, future simple
Future simple if + present
If he runs, he will get there in time.
He’ll get there in time if he runs.
This type of sentence implies that the action in the if-
clause is probable.
Variation of if-clause:
a. If + present continuous to indicate a present action of a
future arrangement.
 If you are looking for Peter, you’ll find him upstairs.
 If you are staying for another night, I’ll ask the manager to
give you a better room.
b. If + present perfect
 If you have finished dinner, I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.
 If he has written the letter, I’ll post it.
 If they haven’t seen the museum, we’ll go there today.

Variation of the main clause:

a. If + present, may /might (possibility in future)
 If the fog gets thicker, the flight might be cancelled.
b. If + present, may (permission) or can (permission or ability)
  If your documents are in order, you may / can leave.
(permission)
 If it stops raining, we can ride a bike. (ability)
c. If + present, must/should (obligation or suggestion)
 If you want to lose weight, you should eat less bread.
 If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread.

Who should I say is calling?

Step out: go out, leave
You bet: certainly
I’d like to speak to a guest named/ called Hank Pitt
I’ll ring him up for you
There is no answer
Is he in?
Speak to / with
Talk to / with
There is no answer at that extension..

If + present, will

If it is affordable, will you reserve …?