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ESO204A- Mid-Semester Exam(max points = 30)

Max duration 2 hours; No clarification; Write all steps clearly
Note: For water, viscosity = 10−3 P a − s, density = 1000kg/m3 .
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1. (5 points) Consider the flow field given by V = xy 2 ex − 3 y
e + xyez .
(a) (2 points) Determine if it is an incompressible flow
(b) (3 points) Find the acceleration of a fluid particle at a point (x, y, z) = (3, 1, 2)
2. (5 points) If a long rectangular piece of cardboard is allowed to fall freely in air it is observed
to rotate (or tumble) at a constant frequency ω as it falls. Assuming that this frequency
depends upon the card length s, card width c, card mass per unit area M, air density ρ and
gravity g, define a dimensionless tumbling frequency and determine the dimensionless groups
upon which it depends.
3. (5-points) Consider the jet of water issuing out from a nozzle of cross-section area 3 × 10−4 m2
at the bottom of a very large tank as shown in Figure. The jet impinges on flat circular top of
a cylindrical block of wood (diameter = 20 cm and height = 15 cm). The block is just
submerged in water as shown. Find the density of the wood. Density of oil on top of water in
the tank is 800 kg/m3 . The wooden block is very close to the jet and hence the jet’s velocity
at the top of the block just before it hits the block can be assumed equal to the jet’s exit
velocity. Also neglect viscous forces.

Patm

Oil
0.5m

Water
0.7m

Block
water

Figure for problem-3.

Figure for problem-4.

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4. (5-points)A sharp-edged plate to split the flow of water stream produces the flow-pattern as
shown in Figure. Neglect any friction and viscous force.
(a) Evaluate θ as a function of α, where 0 ≤ α ≤ 0.5.
(b) Evaluate the force in x− direction needed to hold the splitter plate in its place. Express
your answer in terms of α. Assume w to be the width of the plate in the direction
perpendicular to the paper. Force required in y−direction on the splitter plate can be
neglected since the area in contact of the fluid is negligible in that direction.
5. (10-points)A thin liquid film of thickness h flows down along a solid wall due to gravity, as
shown in Figure. The liquid has constant density (ρ) and viscosity (µ). In addition the wall
along which it flows moves upwards (just like a conveyor belt) with a velocity Up . The net
volumetric flow rate of the liquid is known to be Q downwards. The flow can be assumed to
be steady and fully-developed.
(a) (4 points) Simplify Navier-Stokes using appropriate appropriate approximations along
with the relevant boundary conditions. Clearly write the steps to simplify the equations.
(b) (2 points) Integrate the simplified momentum equation to find the velocity profile using
the boundary conditions.
(c) (1 points) Find an expression that can be used to relate the film-thickness h to the given
quantities.
(d) (2 point) Given ρ = 1000kg/m3 , µ = 10−2 P a − s, h = 2mm, g = 9.8m/s2 and Up = 1m/s.
Draw the velocity profile for the given values with indicating the plane on which net
velocity of the flow is zero.
(e) (1) What is the force required per unit width to pull the wall upwards with velocity Up in
terms of the length of the wall L?

Figure for problem-5.

Navier-Stokes Equations:
 2
∂ u ∂ 2u ∂ 2u
  
∂u ∂u ∂u ∂u ∂P
ρ +u +v +w = ρgx − +µ + +
∂t ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂x ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2
 2
∂ v ∂ 2v ∂ 2v
  
∂v ∂v ∂v ∂v ∂P
ρ +u +v +w = ρgy − +µ + +
∂t ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂y ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2
 2
∂ w ∂ 2w ∂ 2w
  
∂w ∂w ∂w ∂w ∂P
ρ +u +v +w = ρgz − +µ + +
∂t ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂z ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2