LUMINAMATH COMPETITION MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM

8th Grade

CHAPTER 1. THE SET OF RATIONAL NUMBERS

1.1. Rational number

Definition; the representation of rational numbers on the number axis, the opposite of a rational
number; absolute value (modulus); N included in Z included in Q.

Comparing and ordering rational numbers.

1.2. Operations with rational numbers

Operations with rational numbers. Order of operations and use of parentheses.

1.3. Equations in Q

The equation of the form ax+b=0, a∈Q*, b∈Q.

Problems that are solved with the help of equations.

CHAPTER 2. THE SET OF REAL NUMBERS

2.1. The square root

The square root of a perfect square natural number.

2.2. Real number

Examples of irrational numbers; the set of real numbers R; modulus of a real number: definition,
properties; comparing and ordering real numbers; representation of real numbers on the number line
by approximations; N included in Z included in Q included in R. Equation of the form x 2=a, with a∈Q+.

Intervals of real numbers.

2.3. Radicals calculation rules

Removing the factors from under the radical; introducing the factors under the radical, where a≥0, b≥0,
where a≥0, b>0.

2.4. Operations with real numbers

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation.

The geometric mean of two positive real numbers.

CHAPTER 3. ALGEBRAIC CALCULUS

3.1. Calculations with real numbers represented by letters

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, reduction of similar terms.

Algebraic identities, where a, b ∈R.

3.2. Decomposition into factors

Decomposition into factors using calculation rules in R, the common factor method, algebraic identities

CHAPTER 4. EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS

4.1. Equations

Properties of the equality relation in the set of real numbers.

set of solutions of an equation, equivalent equations, problems that are solved with the help of
equations.

elements of data organization

4.2. Inequations

Properties of the inequality relation on the set of real numbers.

Inequations of the form (≥, <, ≤)

Problems that are solved with the help of inequations

CHAPTER 5. THE TRIANGLE

5.1. Properties of triangles

The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle; exterior angle of a triangle, exterior angle theorem.

Important lines in the triangle, their intersection; midline, properties.

Area of the triangle.

5.2. The isosceles triangle

Properties of the isosceles triangle (angles, important lines, symmetry).

Equilateral triangle.

5.3. Right triangle

Properties of the right triangle. (the leg opposite to the 30° angle, the median corresponding to the
hypotenuse, direct and reciprocal theorems)

5.4. Thales' theorem

Proportional segments.

Theorem of equidistant parallels; dividing a segment into proportional parts with given numbers.

Thales' theorem. Reciprocal.

Bisector theorem. Reciprocal.

5.5. Similar triangles

Similar triangles.

The fundamental theorem of similarity. Similar cases of triangles.

5.6. Properties of the isosceles and equilateral triangle

Orthogonal projections on a line.

The altitude theorem.

The leg theorem.

The Pythagorean Theorem; The Pythagorean Theorem reciprocal.

Elements of trigonometry in a right triangle: sin, cos, tg, ctg.

Solving the right triangle.

CHAPTER 6. THE QUADRILATERAL

6.1. Properties of quadrilaterals

Convex quadrilateral (definition, drawing).

The sum of the sizes of the angles of a convex quadrilateral.

Area of a quadrilateral.

6.2. Parallelogram

Parallelogram; properties.

Particular parallelograms: rectangle, square, rhombus; properties.

Areas

6.3. Trapezium

Definition, classification.

Isosceles trapezium; properties.

The midline of a trapezium.

Area of a trapezium
CHAPTER 7. THE CIRCLE

7.1. Elements in a circle

Circle: definition, elements: center of a circle, radius, chord, diameter, arc; interior, exterior.

Theorems about arcs and chords in a circle.

7.2. Angles in a circle

Central angle; measurement of arcs; congruent arcs.

Angle inscribed in a circle; triangle inscribed in a circle.

7.3. Regular polygons

Relative positions of a line to a circle; the tangent from a point outside the circle; triangle circumscribed
by a circle.

Regular polygons: definition, drawing.

Calculation of elements in regular polygons.

7.4. The length of the circle and the area of the disc

The circumference of the circle and the area of the disc.