Pres. Corazon C.

Aquino

Born on January 25, 1933 in Tarlac

• 11th President of the Philippines

• First female president in Philippines and in Asia

• Wife of Senator Benigno Aquino Jr.

• Mother of Pres. Benigno Aquino III

• Her presidency spanned for six years from February 25, 1986 to June 30, 1992

• Died on August 1, 2009 because of Colorectal Cancer

Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino[2] CCLH (Tagalog: [kɔɾaˈsɔn kɔˈhwaŋkɔ aˈkino];
January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a Filipina politician who served as the 11th president of the
Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People Power
Revolution, which ended the two-decade rule of President Ferdinand Marcos and led to the
establishment of the current democratic Fifth Philippine Republic.

Corazon Aquino's accession to the presidency marked the end of authoritarian rule in the Philippines.
Aquino is the first female president of the Philippines and is still the only president of the Philippines to
have never held any prior political position. Aquino is regarded as the first female president in Asia.

Corazon Aquino was married to Senator Benigno Aquino Jr., who was one of the most prominent critics
of President Marcos. After the assassination of her husband on August 21, 1983, she emerged as leader
of the opposition against the president. In late 1985, Marcos called for a snap election, and Aquino ran
for president with former Senator Salvador Laurel as her running mate for vice president. After the
election held on February 7, 1986, the Batasang Pambansa proclaimed Marcos and his running mate
Arturo Tolentino as the winners, which prompted allegations of electoral fraud and Aquino's call for
massive civil disobedience actions. Subsequently, the People Power Revolution, a non-violent mass
demonstration movement, took place from February 22 to 25. The People Power Revolution, along with
defections from the Armed Forces of the Philippines and support from the Philippine Catholic Church,
successfully ousted Marcos and secured Aquino's accession to the presidency on February 25, 1986.
Prior to her election as president, Aquino had not held any elected office. She was the first female
president of the Philippines.

After her peaceful accession to the presidency and the ousting of President Marcos, Aquino was named
Time magazine's Woman of the Year in 1986.[109] In August 1999, Aquino was chosen by Time as one of
the 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th century.[110] Time also cited her as one of 65 great Asian
Heroes in November 2006.[111]

-In 1994, Aquino was cited as one of 100 Women Who Shaped World History in a reference book written
by Gail Meyer Rolka.[112]
-In 1996, she received the J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding from the Fulbright
Association.[113]

-In 1998, she was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in recognition of her role in peaceful revolution
to attain democracy.[114]

-Since her death in 2009, the legacy of Corazon Aquino has prompted various namings of public
landmarks and creations of memorials. Among these are as follows:

-On August 1, 2010, the first anniversary of her death, a 200 ft by 250 ft photo mosaic of Aquino was
unveiled near the Quirino Grandstand at the Luneta Park in the presence of her son, President Benigno
Aquino III, and her supporters.[115] It was submitted to Guinness World Records to be certified as the
largest photo mosaic in the world, and the record was later certified by the World Record Academy
(which is not affiliated with Guinness).[115][116]

-On October 9, 2010, Manila Mayor Alfredo S. Lim inaugurated a public market in Baseco, Port Area
known as the President Corazon C. Aquino Public Market.[117]

-On December 16, 2010, President Benigno Aquino III and the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank
of the Philippines) announced the release of newly designed 500-peso banknotes that feature both
Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. and Corazon Aquino.[118] The previous design featured only
Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. and had been in circulation since 1987.

-On February 13, 2013, the Corazon Aquino Democratic Space was launched at the De La Salle
University, alongside the formal inauguration of the new Henry Sy, Sr. Hall.[119]

-On July 28, 2014, the Republic Act No. 10663, which named a circumferential road in Iloilo City to
President Corazon C. Aquino Avenue, was signed into law by President Benigno Aquino III.[120]

I-n 2015, the new Corazon C. Aquino Hospital in Barangay Biasong, Dipolog City was opened to the
public.

-On December 10, 2015, the Republic Act No. 10176, which renamed Batasan Hills High School (BHES)
into "President Corazon C. Aquino Elementary School" (PCCAES) in Batasan Hills, Quezon City, was
signed into law by President Benigno Aquino III.[121]

-On June 29, 2018, the Republic Act No. 11045, which renamed the Kay Tikling-Antipolo-Teresa-Morong
National Road to Corazon C. Aquino Avenue, was signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte. Corazon
C. Aquino Avenue is a road traversing from Taytay to Morong in Rizal (including the segment of Ortigas
Avenue Extension from Taytay to Antipolo).[122]

In 2018, she was recognized by the Human Rights Victims Claims Board as a motu proprio human rights
violations victim of the Ferdinand Marcos martial law era
Early life and education

Aquino was born María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco on January 25, 1933, in Paniqui, Tarlac.[7] She was
born to the prominent Cojuangco family. Her father was José Cojuangco, a prominent Tarlac
businessman and former congressman, and her mother was Demetria Sumulong, a pharmacist. Both of
Aquino's parents were from prominent political families. Aquino's grandfather from her father's side,
Melecio Cojuangco, was a member of the historic Malolos Congress, and Aquino's mother belonged to
the politically influential Sumulong family of Rizal province, which included Juan Sumulong, who ran
against Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon in 1941. Aquino was the sixth of eight children, two
of whom died in infancy. Her siblings were Pedro, Josephine, Teresita, Jose Jr., and Maria Paz.[8]

Aquino spent her elementary school days at St. Scholastica's College in Manila, where she graduated at
the top of her class as valedictorian. She transferred to Assumption Convent to pursue high school
studies. After her family moved to the United States, she attended the Assumption-run Ravenhill
Academy in Philadelphia. She then transferred to Notre Dame Convent School in New York City, where
she graduated from in 1949. During her high school years in the United States, Aquino volunteered for
the campaign of U.S. Republican presidential candidate Thomas Dewey against Democratic incumbent
U.S. President Harry S. Truman during the 1948 United States presidential election.[8] After graduating
from high school, she pursued her college education at the College of Mount Saint Vincent in New York,
graduating in 1953 with a major in French and minor in mathematics.

After graduating from college, she returned to the Philippines and studied law at Far Eastern University
in 1953.[9] While attending, she met Benigno "Ninoy" S. Aquino Jr., who was the son of the late Speaker
Benigno S. Aquino Sr. and a grandson of General Servillano Aquino. She discontinued her law education
and married Benigno in Our Lady of Sorrows Parish in Pasay on October 11, 1954.[10] The couple raised
five children: Maria Elena ("Ballsy"; born 1955), Aurora Corazon ("Pinky"; born 1957), Benigno Simeon III
("Noynoy"; 1960–2021), Victoria Elisa ("Viel"; born 1961) and Kristina Bernadette ("Kris"; born 1971).
[11][12]

Aquino had initially had difficulty adjusting to provincial life when she and her husband moved to
Concepcion, Tarlac, in 1955. Aquino found herself bored in Concepcion, and welcomed the opportunity
to have dinner with her husband inside the American military facility at nearby Clark Field.[13]
Afterwards, the Aquino family moved to a bungalow in suburban Quezon City.

Throughout her life, Aquino was known to be a devout Roman Catholic.[9]

Corazon Aquino was fluent in French, Japanese, Spanish, and English aside from her native Tagalog and
Kapampangan.[9]
Awards and achievements

-1986 Time Woman of the Year

-1986 Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award

-1986 United Nations Silver Medal

-1986 Canadian International Prize for Freedom

-1986 International Democracy Award from the International Association of Political Consultants

-1987 Prize For Freedom Award from Liberal International

-1993 Special Peace Award from the Aurora Aragon Quezon Peace Awards Foundation and Concerned
-Women of the Philippines

-1995 Path to Peace Award

-1996 J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding from the U.S. Department of State

-1998 Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding

-1998 Pearl S. Buck Award

-1999 One of Time magazine's 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century

-2001 World Citizenship Award

-2005 David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Awards

-2005 One of the World's Elite Women Who Make a Difference by the International Women's Forum
Hall of Fame

-2006 One of Time magazine's 65 Asian Heroes

-2008 One of A Different View's 15 Champions of World Democracy

-EWC Asia Pacific Community Building Award

-Women's International Center International Leadership Living Legacy Award

-Martin Luther King, Jr. Nonviolent Peace Prize

-United Nations Development Fund for Women Noel Foundation Life Award

SILENT FEATURES OF 1987 CONSTITUTION

- DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLIC STATE

- SEPARATION OF POWERS

THREE- BRANCHES

-THE EXECUTIVE the power of the Executive Branch is vested in the President of the United States, who
also acts as head of state and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. The President is responsible for
implementing and enforcing the laws written by Congress and, to that end, appoints the heads of the
federal agencies, including the Cabinet. The Vice President is also part of the Executive Branch, ready to
assume the Presidency should the need arise.

The Cabinet and independent federal agencies are responsible for the day-to-day enforcement and
administration of federal laws. These departments and agencies have missions and responsibilities as
widely divergent as those of the Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency, the
Social Security Administration and the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Including members of the armed forces, the Executive Branch employs more than 4 million Americans.

-The Legislative Established by Article I of the Constitution, the Legislative Branch consists of
the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together form the United States
Congress. The Constitution grants Congress the sole authority to enact legislation and
declare war, the right to confirm or reject many Presidential appointments, and substantial
investigative powers.

The House of Representatives is made up of 435 elected members, divided among the 50
states in proportion to their total population. In addition, there are 6 non-voting members,
representing the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and four other
territories of the United States: American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the
Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands. The presiding officer of the chamber is the
Speaker of the House, elected by the Representatives. He or she is third in the line of
succession to the Presidency.

The first step in the legislative process is the introduction of a bill to Congress. Anyone can
write it, but only members of Congress can introduce legislation. Some important bills are
traditionally introduced at the request of the President, such as the annual federal budget.
During the legislative process, however, the initial bill can undergo drastic changes.

-The Judiciary The Judiciary is the third organ of the government. It has the responsibility to apply the
laws to specific cases and settle all disputes. The real ‘meaning of law’ is what the judges decide during
the course of giving their judgements in various cases. Where the executive and legislative branches are
elected by the people, members of the Judicial Branch are appointed by the President and confirmed by
the Senate.

Article III of the Constitution, which establishes the Judicial Branch, leaves Congress significant discretion
to determine the shape and structure of the federal judiciary. Even the number of Supreme Court
Justices is left to Congress — at times there have been as few as six, while the current number (nine,
with one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices) has only been in place since 1869. The Constitution
also grants Congress the power to establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court, and to that end
Congress has established the United States district courts, which try most federal cases, and 13 United
States courts of appeals, which review appealed district court cases.

JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL

-The Judicial and Bar Council (JBC; Filipino: Sangguniang Panghukuman at Pang-abogasya) of the
Philippines is a constitutionally-created body that recommends appointees for vacancies that may arise
in the composition of the Supreme Court, other lower courts, and the Legal Education Board, and in the
offices of the Ombudsman, Deputy Ombudsman and the Special Prosecutor.

- Before the 1987 Constitution, a good number of citizens, bar associations and civic organizations, and
mass media, especially, expressed dissatisfaction over the nation’s system of dispensing justice with a
vehemence that reached new heights, considering, (1) a persistently staggering backlog; (2) lazy,

dishonest and incompetent members of the judiciary; (3) cumbersome procedures; and (4) dilatory
tactics of litigants and lawyers.

-AUTONOMY OF THE LOCAL GOVERMENT

-DECLARATION OF MARTIAL LAW AND SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVILEGE OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS
CORPUS

-CREATION OF METROPOLITAN AUTHORITY

DEVELOPMENTS UNDER PRESIDENT CORAZON AQUINO ADMINISTRATION

COUP D' ETAT AND INSURGENCY (1986)

- The most serious attempted coup d'état against the government of Philippine President Corazon
Aquino was staged beginning December 1, 1989, by members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
belonging to the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) and soldiers loyal to former President
Ferdinand Marcos. Metro Manila was shaken by this Christmas-time coup, which almost seized the
Malacañang Palace. It was completely defeated by the Philippine government by December 9, 1989.

- Philippine politics between 1986 and 1991 was punctuated by Aquino's desperate struggle to survive
physically and politically a succession of coup attempts, culminating in a large, bloody, and well-financed
attempt in December 1989. This attempt involved upwards of 3,000 troops, including elite Scout Rangers
and marines, in a coordinated series of attacks on Camp Crame and Camp Aquinaldo, Fort Bonifacio,
Cavite Naval Base, Villamor Air Base, and on Malacañan Palace itself, which was dive-bombed by vintage
T-28 aircraft. Although Aquino was not hurt in this raid, the situation appeared desperate, for not only
were military commanders around the country waiting to see which side would triumph in Manila, but
the people of Manila, who had poured into the streets to protect Aquino in February 1986, stayed home
this time.
PRIVATIZATION

- Privatization occurs when a government-owned business, operation, or property becomes owned by a

private, non-government party.

Privatization may also describe a transition that takes a company from being publicly traded to
becoming privately held. This is referred to as corporate privatization.

NAVAL BASES