Natural Science Review (Page 1)

1. Robert Gallo was one of the pioneers in the identification of which virus? HIV - Human
immunodeficiency virus.
2. Which heart chamber first received oxygenated blood? - LEFT ATRIUM
3. What is the name given to a catalyst, which occurs in nature to regulate the speed of
chemical reactions in the metabolisms of living organisms. - ENZYMES
4. What is the common name for the infectious disease whose medical name is rubella? -
German Measles
5. What are the substances in the saliva of vampire bats, leeches and mosquitoes that prevents
clotting? - ANTICOAGULANT
6. What is the full name of the SARS virus disease, which originated in China and Hong Kong in
early 2003? Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
7. Which glands produce white blood cells? Lymph Glands
8. Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated comedy-drama adventure film which
tells the story of the fish named Marlin who, along with a regal blue tang named Dory,
searches for his abducted son Nemo all the way to Sydney Harbour. What species of a fish is
Nemo? - CLOWNFISH
9. The film ‘Happy Feet’ features a species of penguins that inhabit the continent of Antarctica.
Name this species of penguin. Emperor Penguin
10. The natural process of the atmosphere heating through the trapping of re-radiated infrared
radiation is known as - Global Warming
11. PVC is a very toxic form of plastic. What is the full form of PVC? - POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
12. Around the North Pole of Earth, tiny electrically charged particles high in the atmosphere
react with rays from the sun to create beautiful sheets of light. These are called AURORA
BORREALIS
13. What is the name of the first clone sheep? Sheep DOLLY
14. RT -PCR TEST - is a test for COVID-19 and a molecular test that analyzes your upper
respiratory specimen, looking for genetic material (ribonucleic acid or RNA) of SARS-CoV-2,
the virus that causes COVID-19.Most precise/ACCURATE test for Covid.
15. Antigen test -  detects bits of proteins on the surface of the virus called antigens. Antigen
tests typically take only 15 to 30 minutes.
16. Ecotone a transitional area of vegetation between two different plant communities, such as
forest and grassland.
17. Mers -Cov or Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus,  is a virus transferred to
humans from infected dromedary camels. It is a zoonotic virus, meaning it is transmitted
between animals and people, and it is contactable through direct or indirect contact with
infected animals.
18. The original Omicron strain (BA.1) was first identified in Botswana and South Africa in late
November 2021, and cases quickly began to surface and multiply in other countries.
19. Delta (B.1.617.2) was first identified in India in late 2020; it soon spread throughout the world,
becoming what was the predominant version of the coronavirus.
20. Beta was identified in South Africa at the end of 2020 and spread to other countries.
21. Alpha (B.1.1.7) was the first of the highly publicized variants. Alpha first appeared in Great
Britain in November 2020.
22. Yellow fever is a serious, potentially deadly flu-like disease spread by Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes, which also transmit dengue and Zika viruses.
23. Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus first identified in Uganda in 1947 in a Rhesus macaque
monkey followed by evidence of infection and disease in humans in other African countries in
the 1950s.
24. A variant of interest is a coronavirus variant that, compared with earlier forms of the virus, has
genetic characteristics that predict greater transmissibility, evasion of immunity or diagnostic
testing, or more severe disease.
25. A variant of concern has been observed to be more infectious, and is more likely to cause
breakthrough infections or reinfections in those who are vaccinated or previously infected.
Alpha, beta, gamma, delta and omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus are
classified as variants of concern.
26. Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people
through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is preventable and curable.
27. Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive
generations.