Function

1. If f ( x)  2x , then
(a) Find the value of f (1), f (0), f (4), f (4)
15
(b) Show that f ( x  3)  f ( x  1)  f ( x)
2
f ( x  3)
(c) Show that  f (4)
f ( x  1)
x 1  ( x)   ( y ) x  y
2. If  ( x)  , then show that 
x 1 1   ( x)  ( y) 1  xy

 1 x   2x 
3. If f ( x)  ln   , then show that f  2 
 2 f ( x) .
 1 x   1 x 
2x 1 f ( x)  1
4. If f ( x)  , then show that  2x
2x 1 f ( x)  1
4x  7
5. If y  f ( x)  , show that f ( y )  x .
2x  4
x3  3x 2  1 1
6. If f ( x)  , then show that f    f (1  x) .
x(1  x) x
7. If f ( x)  ln(sin x) and g ( x)  ln(cos x) , show that e2 g ( a )  e2 f ( a )  e g (2 a )

1  ab 
8. If f ( x)  , prove that f (a)  f (b)  f  
x  a b 
 0.80 x, for 0  x  250

9. If a function is defined as C ( x)   10  0.03x , for 250  x  500
 12  0.02 x , for x  500

Find the value of C (100), C (255), C (550), C (500), C (0), C (250), C (400) .

 x2 for  3  x  0

10. Sketch the graph of f ( x)  3x for 0  x  2
10  2 x for 2  x  5


Calculus : Differentiation 1
 Limit and Continuity

1. Find the limit of the following function:

x2  4x  3 x 4  3x3  2
(a) lim (b) lim
x 3 x 2  2 x  3 x 1 x3  5 x 2  3x  1

x 2  x log x  log x  1 2 x  2 x
(c) lim (d) lim
x 1 x 1 x 0 x
x2  4  1 3 
(f) lim  
x( x  5 x  6) 
(e) lim
x 3 x  3
3x  2  x  2
2
x 2


 x 9  x2  x  3  x 1
(g) lim   2 (h) lim
x 3 x  3
 x  3x  x 2 x2

a  2x  3x x  a  2a
(i) lim (j) lim
xa 3a  x  2 x xa xa

5 x 2  3x  6 2 x 4  3x 2  1
(k) lim 2 (l) lim 4 3
x  2 x  5 x  1 x  6 x  x  3x

(m) lim
x 
 x 2  5 x  4  x 2  3x  4  (n) lim
x3
x  x 2  4

x2  9
2. (a) Show that the function f ( x)  is discontinuous at x  3 .
x 3
1 1
 2  x, when 0  x  2

 1 1
(b) Let f ( x)  0, when x  , show that f ( x) is continuous at x 
 2 2
3 1
 2  3x, when 2  x  1

 x2  x  6
 , if x  3
(c) A function is defined as f ( x)   x  3 , show that f ( x) is
 5, if x  3

continuous at x  3 .

Calculus : Differentiation 2
(d) Determine the value of the constant k so that the function
 x 2  3x  2
 , if x  1
f ( x)   x  1
 k, if x  1

is continuous at x  1 .
 0, when x  0
1 1
  x, when 0  x 
2 2
 1 1
(e) Show that the function defined as f ( x)   , when x 
 2 2
3 1
 2  x, when
2
 x 1

1, when x  1

1
is discontinuous at x  0, and 1.
2
 3
 3  2 x , for   x0
2

 3
(f) Show that the function defined as f ( x)   3  2 x , for 0  x 
 2
 3
3  2 x, for x
 2
3
is continuous at x  0 and discontinuous at x  .
2
3. (a) The transportation cost for goods, is given by
 0.60 x, for 0  x  200

C ( x)   120  0.05( x  200), for 200  x  1000
520  0.40( x  1000), for x  1000

Examine the continuity for the function at (i) x  200 and x  1000 .

(b) A transport company offers a discount in freight rates on a large shipment. The
 0.80 x, for 0  x  250

cost function is: C ( x)   10  0.03x , for 250  x  500
 12  0.02 x , for x  500


(c) An egg seller has the following price schedule; Tk.50 per dozen for 20 dozens,
Tk.40 per dozen for more than 20 dozens and not more than 40 dozens, Tk.35 per dozen

Calculus : Differentiation 3
for more than 40 dozens and not more than 80 dozens, Tk.30 per dozens for more than 80
dozens. Express the price P as a function of the quantity x . Also discuss the continuity
of P at x  20, x  40 and x  80 respectively.

(d) An electric company charges from its customers the following amount for
services; Tk.3.00 for the first 20 kilowatt hours or less; Tk.0.10 per kilowatt hour for the
next 80 kilowatt hours. Tk.0.05 per kilowatt hour for any amount above 100 kilowatt
hours. Find the total cost function C ( x) of x kilowatt hours and test its continuity at
x  20 kilowatt hours and x  100 .
 3, for 0  x  20

Hints: C ( x)   3  0.10( x  20), for 20  x  100
11  0.05( x  100), for x  100

(e) In the planning of a restaurant, it is estimated that if there are seat for 40 to 80
people the daily gross profit will be Tk.16 per seat. However, if the seating capacity is
above 80, the daily gross profit on each seat will be decreased by 8 paisa times the
number of seats above 80. If x is the number of seats in the seating capacity, express the
number of taka in the daily gross profit as a function of x. Discuss the continuity of the
profit function at x  80.
 16 x , if 40  x  80
Hints: C ( x)  
 x[16  0.80( x  80), if x  80

Differentiation

1. Differentiate the following function by using definition:

(a) y  x10 (b) y  sin x (c) f ( x)  cos x

(d) f ( x)  tan x (e) y  ln x (f) y  ex

(g) f ( x)  sin 5 x (h) h( x)  cos 3x (i) y  7 x9

(j) y  eax
2. Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:

(a) y  e x  3sin x  9 x 2 (b) y  7 log a x  5ln x  4cos x

3

Calculus : Differentiation 4
 3
(c) y  x3 ln x  7e x cos x (d) y  3 x sin x  cos x
2 x

x 1 x n  tan x
(e) (f) y 
x 1 e x  cot x
tan x  cot x sin x
(g) (h) y 
tan x  cot x x  cos x
2

e x  ln x 1  sin x
(i) y (j) y 
log a x 1  cos x
3
x2  x  1  13  
1
(k) y  2 (l)  x  x 3 
x  x 1  
(m) y   x 2  4 x  5  x3  2  (o) (3x  4) (5x 2  1)

 1  1  1  3x
(p) y   x   x 2  2  (q)
 x  x  1  3x
sec x
(r) y  5cos x  x3 log a x  tan x sin 1 x (t)
1  sec x
7

  
ln x 2 
1
(u) y   sin x ln x (v) y  x  1 tan x  x
2 2
sin x 3
3. Differentiate the following with respect to x:
 ex 
(c) ln  e x  e x 
1
(a) y  (b) y  ln  x 
5x  2  1 e 
2

1 5
(d) y  (e) y  e7 x sin x  ln x  ln x
2
cos3 x (f)
5
x  4x  7
2


(g) cos tan x 2  x3  4   1  x2 
(h) sin 1  2 
 1 x 
(i) tan 1 (e x )  sin 1 ( x 2 )

sin x  cos x  x2  x  1 
(j) y  (k) y  sin (ln( x  4)) (l) y  ln  2
3 2

1  sin 2 x  x  x 1 
3
 x 1  2
(m) y  e x 3  (n) y  x x (o) y  (sin x)tan x
2 x


 x 1 

(q) y   cot x 
tan x
(p) (1  x 2 )2 x (r) y  (sin x)ln x

 x
1
x
cos1 x
(u) x  x  xe
x
x x
(s) (t) x

Calculus : Differentiation 5
 1 x
   x2   ex 
7
(v) (w) x  1  x2 (x) tan 1  x   tan 1  2 
1  x  x2 e  x 
2
 sin 2 x 
(y)   (z) y  e2ln(tan 5 x )  cos  ln x  ln(tan x) 
 1  cos 2 x 
dy
4. Find for the following parametric equations:
dx
(a) x  a   sin   ; y  a 1  cos   (b) x  et cos t ; y  et sin t

3at 3at 2
(c) x ; y  (d) x  5cos3  ; y  4sin 3 
1 t3 1 t3
1
(e) x t; y t (f) x  a sec2  ; y  a tan 3 
t

dy
5. Find for the following equations:
dx
(a) x3  3xy  y3  1 (b) x y  e x  y (c) x2  y 2  sin( xy)

(d) e xy  4 xy  2 (e) y  tan( x  y ) (f) xy  x 2 y 2  5

(g) x  y  ln( xy ) (h) (cos x) y  (sin y) x (i) x2 y3  ( x  y)5

6. Successive Differentiation:
d4y
(a) If y  e x cos x , show that  4y  0
dx 4
d2y dy
(b) If y  sin 1 x , show that (1  x 2 ) 2
x 0
dx dx
d2y dy
(c) If y  (cos1 x)2 , show that (1  x 2 ) 2
x 2 [ It may given cos y  x ]
dx dx
2
1 2 d y dy
(d) If y  x 2  2
, show that x 2
 x  4y  0
x dx dx
d2y dy
(e) If y  (sin 1 x)2 , show that (1  x 2 ) 2
 x 2  0
dx dx
d2y dy
(f) If y  tan 1 x , show that (1  x 2 ) 2
 2x  0
dx dx
1 d2y dy
(g) If y  e tan x , show that (1  x 2 ) 2
 (2 x  1)  0
dx dx

Calculus : Differentiation 6
 1 d2y dy
(h) If y  ea sin x
, show that (1  x 2 ) 2
 2x  a2 y
dx dx
d2y dy
(i) If y  e cos x , show that
x
2
 2  2y  0
dx dx
b
(j) If y  ax 2  , show that 2 x 2 y2  xy1  2 y  0
x

(k) If y  ln  x  a 2  x 2  , show that (a 2  x 2 ) y2  xy1  0

 
(l) If y  ( p  qx) e2 x , show that y2  4 y1  4 y  0

d2y dy
(m) If y  sin(sin x) , show that 2
 tan x  y cos 2 x  0
dx dx

x d4y
(n) If y  (e  e )sin x , show that
x
 4y  0
dx 4

8. Application in Business:

(a) Find the interval in which f ( x)  2 x3  9 x 2  12 x  20 is increasing or decreasing.

(b) If a manufacturer’s total cost function is C ( x)  2 x3  15x2  36 x  1 , find the value

of x for which C ( x) is increasing or decreasing.
(c) Find the relative Maximum and Minimum values of the functions:
(i) y  x 4  2 x 3  3x 2  4 x  4

(ii) f ( x)  2 x3  21x2  36 x  20

(iii) f ( x)  x3  3x 2  45x  13
Also find their point of inflexion.
(d) A metal box with a square top and bottom of equal size is to have a volume of
2000 cubic cm. The material for the top and bottom of the box is to cost Tk.3 per square
cm. and the material for the sides is to cost Tk.1.50 per square cm. If the cost of the
material is to be the least, find the dimension of the box.
(e) Prove that a cylindrical vessel of given volume requires the least surface area
when its height is twice its radius.
(f) The total cost C ( x) of a firm is

C ( x)  0.0005x3  0.7 x 2  30x  3000

where x is the output. Determine

Calculus : Differentiation 7
 (i) average cost (AC) (ii) slope of AC
(iii) marginal cost (MC) (iv) slope of (MC)
(v) value of x, for which MVC = AVC , where VC denote the variable cost.
(g) The total cost function of a function is given by
2 3
C ( x)  5000  1000 x  500 x 2  x
3
where x is the output. Determine
(i) average cost (AC) (ii) slope of AC
(iii) marginal cost (MC) (iv) slope of (MC)
(v) value of x, for which MC = AVC , where VC denote the variable cost.

50 x 2
(h) If C ( x) Taka is the total cost of manufacturing x toys, and C ( x)  500   ,
x 10
find the average cost, the marginal cost when x  20 , the actual cost of manufacturing the
twenty first toy.
(i) The price p per kg. when x kgs. of a certain product are demanded is
10000
p 5 , 0  x  90.
5 x  100
Determine:
(i) The rate of change of price with respect to x.
(ii) The revenue function.
(iii) The marginal revenue.
(iv) The marginal revenue at x  10 and x  20 .

x3
(j) The cost function of a function is given by C ( x)   10 x 2  300 x . Calculate
3
the output x at which
(i) the marginal cost is minimum.
(ii) the average cost is minimum.
(iii) the average cost is equal to marginal cost.
(iv) the minimum marginal and average costs.

(k) The manufacturing cost of an item consists of an item consists of Tk.1000 as

x2
overheads, material cost Tk.2 per item and labour cost for x items produced. Find
90
how many items be produced to have the average cost as minimum.

Calculus : Differentiation 8
  x2 
 Hints : C ( x )  1000  2 x  
 90 

(l) A certain vehicle is found to consume fuel at the rate

F ( x)  0.0005x2  0.5x  0.8 litters per hour
when traveling x km. per hour. Determine
(i) the speed at which the fuel consumption per km. is minimum.
(ii) if the fuel cost is $ 1 per litter and other costs are $ 0.045 per hour, what
speed will minimize the average cost per km.
(m) A sitar manufacturer can sell x sitars per week at p taka each where the price
1 1
p  (375  5 x) . The cost of production is C ( x)  x 2  13x  500 taka. Find how many
3 5
sitars should be manufacture for maximize the profit and what is the profit?
(n) A travel agency will plan a group tour for groups of size 25 or larger. If the
group contain exactly 25 people, the cost is Tk.500 per person. However, each person’s
cost is reduced by Tk.10 for each additional person above the 25. If the travel agency
incurs a cost of Tk.125 per person for the tour, what size group will give the maximum
profit?
[ Hint. if the group size be x, then R( x)  x[500  10( x  25)] and C ( x)  125 x ]
(o) The cost function C ( x) for producing x units of a commodity is given by
1
C ( x)  x3  5 x 2  75 x  10 . At what level of output the marginal cost attains its
3
minimum? What is the marginal cost at this level of production?

Calculus : Differentiation 9