THE ROLE OF THE BRAIN: APPROACHES OVER TIME

Definitions Examples
BRAIN VS HEART DEBATE: Ancient Egyptians:

Ancient Greek philosophers/physicians:

Aristotle (384-322 (BCE) –
Brain hypothesis:

Hippocrates (460-370 BCE) –

Heart hypothesis:

Galen (129-216 AD) -

MIND-BODY PROBLEM: French philosopher Rene Descartes:

Dualism:

Mind-brain problem:

PHRENOLOGY: Franz Gall (1758-1828) & Johnann Spurzheim

(1776-1832):

Phrenological map:
 FIRST BRAIN EXPERIMENTS
Definitions Examples
BRAIN ABLATION: Pierre Flourens:

Karl Lashley’s search for the location of learning

and memory:

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE BRAIN (ESB): Fritsch and Hitzig:

Wilder Penfield:

SPLIT-BRAIN SURGERY: Sperry’s experiments (1960’s ):

Corpus callosum: