Academic Year 2022-23

Pre Board Examination

Marking Scheme
Subject – Biology (Theory)
Class – XII

SECTION – A
1. d) Cell-mediated immune response [1]
2. a) Sal I [1]
3. c) Poison fangas of snakes [1]
4. a) in a habitat having limited resources. [1]
5.by the solids that settle down during the primary treatment. [1]
6. B. 3,3,2 [1]
3 in chalazar end 3 in the micropolar end and 2 nuclei in the center.
7. D. activate smooth muscles [1]
8. C. to the small subunit; on the large subunit. [1]
9.d) phenotypes – 4; genotypes – 9. [1]
10. b) IgA type [1]
11. (a) [1]
12. (a) [1]
13. (a) [1]
14. (c) [1]
15. (a) [1]
16. (b) [1]
SECTION-B
17.

a), Ovipary Vivipary

Zygote development outside the female
parent [½].
b). Oestrus cycle
Cyclical changes in the reproductive
system happens only during the breeding
season, in non-primates [½].
Zygote development inside the female
body [½].
Menstrual cycle
Cyclical changes happen in the primates,
remain reproductively active throughout
their reproductive phase [½].

18. Vaccine is a preparation of weakened antigen / inactivated pathway [½]

When injected in the body antibodies are produced against these antigens. [½]
The vaccines generate memory B and T cells – that recognise the pathogen antigen upon
subsequent exposure and over whelm the pathogens. [1]

19. VNTR – Variable Number of Tandem Repeats. [1]

After hybridisation with VNTR probe, the autoradiogram gives many bands of differing sizes.
The more similar the pattern of banding the more closely related are the DNA sources. [1]

20. Brood parasitism is a process when one species lays eggs in the nest of another bird and lets
the host incubate them [1]. Sexual deceit [½]. One petal resembles the female of the
species. Male pseudocopulates with the flower [½]. Pollen grains transferred from one
flower to another.
21. Gene for haemophillia is liked to X chromosome. A male individual receives his X
chromosome from his mother and Y chromosome from his father. Hence the haemophillic
father does not pass the X chromosome to his son. [2]
OR
Two strains of bacteria (Diptocaccus pneumonia) stype and R type.
Experiments:-
Living strain injected into mice – Mice killed [½].
Living R strain injected into mice – Mice lived [½].
Heat killed S strain injected into mice – Mice lived [½].
Living R strain + Heat killed S strain injected into mice – Mice killed [½].

SECTION- C
22. Progestasert / LNG – 20 [½]
increases phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus. [½]
suppress sperm motility. [½]
fertilising capacity of the sperms suppressed. [½]
Uterus unsuitable for implantation. [½]
cervix hostile to sperms. [½]

23. After implantation interdigitation of maternal and foetal tissues results in formation of
structural and functional unit between embryo and maternal body called placenta.[1]
It facilitates supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo removal of carbon dioxide and
excretory material. [1]
Also acts as endocrine tissue and produces hormones like hCG hPL estrogen progesterone
relaxin.[1]

24. Elongation phases begins [½].

Charged tRNA / tRNA linked to amino acid sequentially bind to the mRNA [½].
This is done by forming complementary base pairs with tRNA anticodon [½].
Ribosome moves from codon to codon along the mRNA [½].
Amino acids attach sequentially forming poly peptide sequence [½].
Release factor binds to the stop codon, terminating translation [½].

25. The bacteria yields a thermostable DNA polymerase [½] which remains active during the
high temperature [½], induce denaturation [½] and separation of double stranded DNA [½].
The enzyme extends the primer using the nucleotides according to the genomic DNA as
template [1].

26. A) X axis – Mean annual precipitation (in cm) [½] and Y axis – Mean annual temperature in
o
C. [½]
B)
 c) Because it represents the area of high temp and low precipitation ie desert. [1]
OR
The first one is a pyramid of biomass erect where there is a sharp decrease in biomass at
higher trophic levels. Mostly seen in the terrestrial food chain. [1]
The second one is an inverted pyramid of biomass. Seen in aquatic ecosystem. The standing
crop of phytoplanktons is small, it supports a large standing crop of phytoplanktons. [1]

27. No, dung has enough microbes [1]

Break down of cellulose [1]
Anaerobic condition [1]

28. 1) Oxygen is available hence not an anaerobic set up. [½]

2) Instead of 800oC, the temperature is 80oC. [½]
Urey & Miller’s experiment established the formation of simple organic molecules from
inorganic molecules under high temperature and under anaerobic conditions. Spontaneous
generation spoke of the formation of living organisms from non living matter. [1]
Amino acids.
SECTION – D

29. (i) IgG and IgM respectively [1]

(ii) IgG is the only class of antibody to cross the placenta from mother to fetus. [1]
(iii) The immune system produces antibodies which stay in the blood.
Antigenic proteins of pathogens generate primary immune response and the memory B and
T cells. [1]
(iv) Vaccine is a preparation or extract of an inactivated/ attenuated (weakened) pathogen of
a disease which on inoculation into a healthy person provides immunity by inducing
antibodies production. [1]

30. (i) Codon is complementary to a triplet of templet strand. It is found in mRNA. Anticodon is
complementary to a codon it occurs in tRNA. [1]
(ii) The triplet code consists of three of the four nucleotide bases - A, C, G or T. Thus the
maximum number of codon is 43 = 64. [1]
(iii) (b): The complementary bases of GCA-CGAAAG- UUU are CGT-GCT-TTC-AAA on the DNA
strand. [1]
(iv) The triplet codon of phenylalanine (UUU) ") Will base pair with AAA in the DNA molecule
and that of lysine (AAA) will base pair with TTT. [1]

SECTION – E
31. Lactose / Allolactose is the inducer [1].
1) An inducible operon where lactose is the inducer and it is the substrate for the
enzyme β galactosidase.
 2) Three structural genes (z,y,a) transcribe the polycistronic mRNA.
3) z codes for β galactosidase.
y codes for permease
a codes for transacetylase
4) Near the structural gene is the promoter gene where RNA polymerase binds for
transcription .
5) An operator gene is near the promoter gene where the represser used to bind.
6) Repressor protein coded by the ‘i’ gene prevents the RNA polymerase from
transcribing by binding to the operator.
7) Lactose, an inducer in activates the repressor and prevents it from binding to the
operator.
8) Allows access for RNA polymerase to the promoter thus. Transcription takes place.
OR
a) [3]

b) The distance between one bp and another bp =.34nm

Ecoli has 4.6X106bp
Length = 4.6X106X.34X10-9m
= 1.564X10-3m
= 1.564mm
[The book says 1.36mm if bp distance is taken as .3mX10 -9m

a) [3]

b) Gonadotropin Releasing Hormones from hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary

Leutinising Hormone Follicle stimulating Hormone

 Leydig cells Sertoli cells

Androgen helps Factors which help in spermatogenesis

OR
32. A) Spermatozoa comes in contact with zona pellucida of the ovum [½]
Induces changes in the membrane that block the entry of additional sperms. [½]
Secretion of acrosome help the sperm head penetrate zona pellucida and the membrane of
the ovum and enter the cytoplasm of the ovum. [½]
Secondary oocyte complete the second meiotic division, releases the second polar body,
diploid ovum and the sperm head fertilize into a diploid zygote. [½]

b) [3]

33. Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a gene defect that has
been diagnosed in a child/embryo. [1]
ADA-Adenosine Deaminase deficiency [1]
Lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture the outside body [½] – A
functional ADA cDNA (using retrovirus) introduced into these lymphocytes [½] – returned to
the patient [½].
The genetically engineered lymphocytes are not immortal and hence require repeated
periodic infusion [½].
OR

In plants In animals

Agrobacteium tumifaciens [½] Transform normal cells into cancerous cells

[½]

Delivers TDNA [½]

A vector has high copy number when it has
high Ori [½] when a piece of DNA is linked
Transforms normal plant cells into tumour to this sequence, it can replicate into many
cell [½] copies within the host cell. [½]

Tumour cells produce the chemical

required by the pathogen [½]