KOTTAYAM SAHODAYA

MODEL EXAMINATION – TERM 2 2021-22

CLASS XII
BIOLOGY (044)

ANSWER KEY

SECTION A

1. Biological treatment or Secondary treatment Sample

C is most polluted because it has highest BOD level among the three samples of
water. (1+1)

2. Vector – Female Aedes aegypti mosquito , Causative agent –chickungunya virus

ii) Transgenic Yeast culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ( ½ + ½ + 1)

OR

Primary immune response and secondary immune response.

Secondary immune response will be much stronger than primary immune response
because it exhibited by the antibodies which are prepared and stored in the form
of memory cells in secondary lymphoid organs. ( 1+ 1)

3. A. Penicillium notatum - Antibiotic

B. Trichoderma polysporum - Cyclosporin-A

C. Monascus purpureus - Statin

D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Ethanol

4. David Tilmans long term ecosystem experiments using outdoor plots found that-

Plots with more species showed less year to year variation in total biomass.

Increased diversity contributed to high productivity. ( 1+1)

5. HIV enters the macrophages and T lymphocytes and destroys them while replicating
in them making the immune system weak. Body becomes susceptible to multiple
infections.

By avoiding sexual contact with many (male or female) partners/ by using condoms.
( 1+1)

6. Due to interspecific competition- explanation.

Explanaton of how Predators helps to maintain species diversity.

OR

Humming birds have large surface area relative to their volume and tend to lose
body heat very fast. Explanation of the concept.

SECTION -B

7. In PCR Taq polymerase enzyme is used for the process of polymerisation because it
is a thermostable than DNA polymerase and do not get denatured at high
temperature used during PCR reaction. He failed because he used DNA polymerase
which got denatured during PCR reaction.

(b) Enzyme Tag polymerase is isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus. This
enzyme induces denaturation of double stranded DNA at high temperature.

(c) Just like human and bacterial DNA polymerase, Taq Polymerase can’t initiate the
process of polymerisation. It can only extend the existing nucleotide strand.
Therefore DNA primers are added in PCR. ( 1+1+1 )

8. Opium poppy – Papaver somniferum. Morphine is the drug obtained from this plant.

Addiction – Psychological attachement to certain effects – such as euphoria and a

temporary feeling of wellbeing associated with drugs and alcohol.

Dependance – Tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant

withdrawal syndrome, if regular dose of drugs /alcohol is abruptly discontinued.

9. EcoRI
 b) 5’G A A T T C 3’

3’C T T A A G 5’

(c) These are named sticky ends, because they form hydrogen bonds with their
complementary cut parts

10. Integrated pest management programme – explanation with examples – Bacillus

thuringiensis , Trichoderma , Nucleopolyheroviruses.( NCERT Page – 187 )

11. No . Species richness contributes for the wellbeing of the ecosystem. Rich
biodiversity is not only essential for ecosystem health but imperative for the very
survival of the human race on this planet.

b)Explanation of analogy- rivet popper hypothesis.

c) Sixth episode refer to the current rate of extinction that is 100 to 1000 times
faster than pre-human times. There are four main reasons which greatly damage the
biodiversity, called as evil quartet. Out of them the habitat loss and fragmentation
are most influencing over the loss of biodiversity

12. a)To know the role of biotic and abiotic factors on increase or decrease in population

b)20/100=0.2/ frog/year in pond

c) pug marks, faecal pellets, percentage cover(any 2)

SECTION - C
.

13 a) The fresh nutrient medium is added at regular intervals in bioreactor and spent
medium is regularly extracted.

b) Oxygen/ aeration, pH, temperature, foam formation or any other factor

c)DOWN STREAM PROCESSING which involves separation and purification, addition

of preservatives, quality controls

OR

1. Meloidegyne incognitia - mode of infection .

2. Entry of nematode DNA in the cell of tobacco root and designed in such a way
that both sense and antisense strand start transcription.

3. Vector like agrobacterium help to successfully deliver the gene of interest into
host cell. explanation
 4.. Ds – RNA if formed, now it not able to perform translation, by this way no protein
synthesis takes place, hence tobacco plant can be saved.-explanation