Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

Solutions:
1. Any undesirable change in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of air, water and soil
is known as pollution
2. IgA
3. It states that units of life called spores were distributed throughout the universe; were transferred to
different planets including earth, later they developed into life
4. Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called stratification.
5. The stable community that is in near equilibrium with the environment is called climax community
6. Statins competitively inhibit the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol
7. Bacillus thuringiensis, Trichoderma polysphorum
8. Transformation is a procedure through which a piece of DNA is introduced into a host bacterium
9. It is the number of deaths in a population in a given time period
10. Histamine and serotonin
11. (Any two differences) 2 Marks
Gametogenesis Embryogenesis
1. It is the process of formation of gametes 1. It is the process of formation of embryo form
zygote
2. It is a pre – fertilization event 2. It is a post – fertilization event
3. It involves meiosis 3. It involves mitosis

12. The two approaches involved in human genome project are: 2 Marks
1. Expressed sequence tags (ETSs): Identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNA
2. Sequence annotation: Sequencing the whole set of genome and assigning different regions with
functions for genes in the sequence is called sequence annotation
13. Breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals or higher protein and healthier fats is
called biofortification. 1 Mark
An Objective of biofortification is to increase nutritional quality of food by improving their:
1. Protein content and quality
2. Oil content and quality
3. Vitamin content and
4. Micronutrient and mineral content Any 2, 1 Mark

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 Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

14. If a predator is too efficient and over exploits its prey, then the prey might become extinct and
following it, the predator will also become extinct for lack of food. This is the reason why predators in
nature are prudent. 2 Marks
15. (1) Plasmodium vivax Any 2, 2 Marks
(2) Plasmodium malaria
(3) Plasmodium falciparum

16. (Any two) 2 Marks

17. Sol: 2 Marks

Deforestation Reforestation
It is the conversion of forested areas into non It is the process of restoring a forest that
forested areas once existed but was removed at some
point of time in the past

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 Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

18. “Rivet popper hypothesis” is used by Stanford ecologist Paul Ehrlich., to describe the importance of
species diversity in an ecosystem through analogy as below. In an airplane (ecosystem)all the parts
are joined together using thousands of rivets (species), if every passenger travelling in it starts
popping a rivet to take home (causing a species to become extinct), it may not affect the flight safety
(proper functioning of the ecosystem) initially, but as more and more rivets are removed, the plane
becomes dangerously weak over a period of time. Further more loss of rivets on the wings (key
species that major ecosystem function) is obviously a more threat to flight safety than loss of a new
rivets on the seats or windows inside the plane. 1 Mark
Significance: The “rivet popper hypothesis” tries to explain through analogy the importance of rich
biodiversity, how species richness contributes to the well-being of an ecosystem, ecosystem health
and survival of human race on the earth. 1 Mark

19. (a) The process by which organisms produce young ones of their own kind or species is called
reproduction. 1 Mark
Significance of Reproduction: 1 Mark
1. It helps in the continuation of species generation after generation.
2. It introduces genetic variation in its offspring
(b) Offspring produced by sexual reproduction show variation due to genetic recombination, it
enhances their chances of survival. 1 Mark

20. A typical dicotyledonous embryo consists of two cotyledons attached

to an embryonal axis. The portion of embryonal axis above the level of
cotyledons is called epicotyl, which terminates in plumule or stem tip.
The cylindrical portion below the level of cotyledons is called
hypocotyl that terminates in radicle or root tip. The root tip is covered
with a root cap.
(Diagram is not mandatory)

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 Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

21. (Any 3 differences) 3 Marks

Active immunity Passive immunity
1. It is the immunity developed in host 1. The immunity developed in host organism
organism on exposure to living or dead due to transfer of readymade antibodies.
microbes or antigenic proteins.
2. It is slow. 2. It is fast.
3. It remains for a long period. 3. It is very short lived.
4. It forms memory cells. 4. It does not form memory cells.
Example: Injecting microbes during Example: Transfer of antibodies from
immunization or natural infections induce mother to child during breast feeding or
active immunity. through placenta.

22. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. 1 Mark
Criteria for achieving good health: Any 4, 2 Marks
1. Balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular exercise.
2. Yoga to achieve physical and mental health.
3. Awareness about various diseases and their effects on bodily functions.
4. Vaccination against infectious diseases.
5. Proper disposal of wastes, control of vectors and maintenance of hygienic food and water
resources.
23. The replacement of a defective or non-functional gene by a normal gene into the individual cell or
embryo to correct a particular genetic defect is called gene therapy. 1 Mark
The first gene therapy was employed on four year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA)
deficiency. This enzyme is crucial for normal function of the immune system.
Steps: 2 Marks
1. Lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in the culture outside the body.
2. A functional ADA gene is introduced into these lymphocytes using retroviral vector, which are
then returned to the patient body.
3. However these cells are not immortal. Therefore the patient requires periodic infusion of such
genetically engineered lymphocytes.
4. As a permanent cure, the genes producing ADA enzyme are isolated from bone marrow cells and
introduced into cells at early embryonic stage.

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 Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

24. The diagrammatic representation showing proportion of individuals (both males and females) of
different age groups in a population are called age pyramids. 1 Mark

Figure Representation of age pyramids for human population 2 Marks

25. Mathew Meselson and Franklin Stahl conducted experiments on E. coli bacterium to prove that DNA
replicates semi-conservatively.

1. They grew E. coli bacterium in a culture medium containing 15NH 4Cl ( 15N is the heavy isotope of

nitrogen) as the only nitrogen source for many generations.

2. The result was 15N incorporated into newly synthesized DNA and other nitrogen containing
compounds.

3. The heavy DNA molecules  15N  can be separated from the normal DNA by centrifugation in a
cesium chloride  CSCl2  density gradient.

4. The bacteria were transferred into another culture medium containing normal 15NH 4Cl .

5. As bacteria multiplied, samples of DNA were separated on a CSCl2 density gradient at various

time intervals to measure the densities of DNA.

6. The DNA extracted from the bacteria after generatin – 1 (after 20 minutes) was hybrid or
intermediate DNA.
7. The DNA extracted from the bacteria after generation – 2 (after 40 minutes) was composed of
equal amounts of hybrid DNA and light DNA. Thus, proves that DNA replication is
semiconservative.

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 Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

(Diagram is not mandatory)

26. Bee – keeping or apiculture is the maintenance of hives of honey bees for the production of honey
and bees wax. 1 Mark
Benefits of bee – keeping:
1. Honey is a food of high nutritive value.
2. It is used in indigenous system of medicine.
3. Honey bees also produce beeswax, which is used in the preparation of cosmetics and polishes of
various kinds. 1 Mark
Factors to be considered for a successful bee keeping:
1. Knowledge of the nature and habits of honey bees.
2. Selection of suitable location for keeping the beehives.
3. Catching and hiving of swarms (group of bees).
4. Management of beehives during different seasons.
5. Handling and collection of honey and beeswax. 1 Mark
27. (a)
 Chasmogamous flowers bear exposed anthers and stigma. This favours cross pollination.
Example: Hibiscus, Sunflower.
 Cleistogamous flowers do not open at all and their anthers and stigma lie close to each other. This
favours autogamy (self-pollination).
Example: Commelina, Oxalis, Viola. 3 Marks

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 Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

(b) The different stages in the early development of embryos in flowering plants are as follows:
1. Proembryo
2. Globular embryo
3. Heart shaped embryo
4. Mature embryo 2 Marks

28. Sol:
Spermatogenesis Oogenesis
 It is the process of formation of sperms in  It is the process of formation of egg or ovum
males. in females.
 It occurs in the testis.  It occurs in the ovary.
 One spermatogonium on meiosis produces  One oogonium on meiosis produces one
four sperms. ovum.
 Polar bodies are not formed.  Three polar bodies are formed.
 There is a specialization process for the  No such process Ootid directly functions as
transformation of spermatids into sperms. ovum

29. Rapid increase in population as promoted by increased medical health care facilities and better living
conditions is known as population explosion. 1 Mark
Reasons for population explosion:
1. Decline in death rate.
2. Decline in maternal mortality rate (MMR).
3. Decline in infant mortality rate (IMR).
4. Increase in the number of people in the reproducible age.
5. Improved medical and health care facilities. 3 Marks
Methods for controlling overpopulation:
1. Motivate smaller families by using various contraceptives.
2. Incentives given to couples with small family norms.
3. Statutory raising of marriageable age of the male of 21 years and that of the females to 18 years.
1 Mark

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 Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

30. (a)

(a)
(b)
Representation of pedigree
Representation of pedigree
analysis for autosomal
analysis for autosomal
dominant trait
Recessive trait
Example: Myotonic dystrophy
Example: Sickle cell anaemia
4 Marks
(b) The two key concepts of Darwin’s theory of evolution are:
1. Branching descent
2. Natural selection 1 Mark

31. (a) A classic example for evolution by natural selection was observed into moths in England during
1850. Prior to industrial revolution white winged moths were abundant all over England, as they
could hide among the rich flora of lichens covering the tree trunks than dark winged (melanised)
moths but after industrial revolution tree trunks became black due to industrial smoke and
lichens were disappeared. Under this condition the white winged moths did not survive as they
were easily identified by their predator birds and their number decreased but it increased the
dark winged (melanised) moths population, as they were easily blended with the black colour of
the tree trunks. Thus, natural selection favoured black coloured (melanic) moths in response to
industrial pollution. This is known as industrial melanism. 3 Marks

(b) 2 Marks
 Green revolution refers to dramatic increase in the production of food crops.
 Blue revolution refers to increase in the production of aquatic food plants and animals.

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 Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

32. (a) (Any three differences) 3 Marks

Template strand Coding strand
1. The strand of DNA acts as a template for 1. The strand of DNA, which does not take
synthesis of RNA during transcription. part in transcription.

2. It has polarity 31  51 2. It has polarity 51  31

3. Complementary to mRNA 3. Similar to mRNA except U at T
(b) DNA is chemically less reactive and structurally more stable when compared to RNA. Therefore
DNA is a better genetic material. 2 Marks
33. (a) Fishery is an industry devoted to the catching, processing or selling of fish, shell fish and other
aquatic animals, such as prawn, crab, lobsters, edible oysters, etc., for food.
Fresh water food fishes: Catla, Rohu and common carp.
Marine water food fishes: Hilsa, Sardines, Makrel and Pomfrets. 3 Marks
(b) 2 Marks
Pisciculture Aquaculture
It is the rearing, catching and selling of only It is the rearing, catching and selling of all
food fishes. useful aquatic plants and animals in fresh
and marine water

34. (a) The organs in which origin or maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes occur are called
lymphoid organs.
Lymphoid organs are of two types:
1. Primary lymphoid organs: The organs in which immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen
sensitive lymphocytes.
Examples: Bone marrow, thymus gland.
2. Secondary lymphoid organs: These organs provide sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the
antigen, which then proliferate to become effector cells.
Examples: Spleen, lymph nodes, peyer’s patches of small intestine and appendix 4 Marks
(b) CH3

N O
CH3

H
1 Mark
O

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O
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 Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

35. Species area relationship of biodiversity was given by German naturalist and geographer Alexander
von Humboldt, while he was exploring the South American Jungles.
 He observed that within a region species richness increased with increasing explored area but up
to a limit.
 The relationship between species richness and area appears as a rectangular hyperbola for a wide
variety of organisms.
 The relationship is a straight line on a logarithmic scale.
logS  logC  zlogA

where S = Species richness

A = Area
Z = Slope of the line (regression co – efficient)
C = Y intercept
 The value of Z lies in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 regardless of the taxonomic group or the region but
analysis of species area relationship for large area like the entire continent gives a steeper value of
0.6 to 1.2.

Area
Representation of species area relationship

36. (a) The population growth, which is limited by natural resources or responses is called logistic
growth.
A population growing in a habitat with limited resources show initially a lag phase, followed by
acceleration and deceleration phases and finally as asymptote, when the population density
reaches carrying capacity (K). When growth of such population is plotted graphically against
time (t) sigmoid curve is obtained. This type of population growth is called Verhulst-Pear

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 Subject Topic Practice Paper - 1 Date

Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

Logistic Growth and is described by the following equation.

KN 
DN / dt  rN  
 K 
Where N = Population density at time t

r = Intrinsic rate of natural increase

K = Carrying capacity 3 Marks

(b)

dN
 rN
dt
Population density

K a

dN KN 
 rN  
dt  K 

b
(N)

2 Marks
Time
37. (a) Electrostatic precipitators (t)
are used to remove particulate matter present in the factory smoke and
other industries. It has electrode wires that are provided with electric current of several thousand
volts. It produces corona that releases negatively charged electrons, these electrons attach to dust
particles and give them a negative charge. The negatively charged dust particles are collected
with the help of positively charged collecting plates.
Electrostatic precipitator can remove 95% of particulate matter present in factory smoke; they are
used on large scale in thermal power plants using fossil fuels.

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Biology Complete Syllabus PU – 12 – B 2017

Figure: Electrostatic precipitator 3 Marks

(b) Catalytic converters are used in automobiles for reducing emission of poisonous gases. They
are provided with expensive metals namely platinum – palladium and rhodium as catalysts.
Exhaust smoke from vehicles is made to pass through catalytic converter which burns unburnt
hydrocarbons completely into carbon dioxide and water, carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide
and nitric oxide into nitrogen gas. 2 Marks

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