Sample Question Paper 12
(Det ailed Explanat ions)
Biology
CBSE Class 12th
1. (a) In test tube baby programme, the zygote is allowed
to divide upto 8-celled blastomeres in the laboratory,
then it is transferred into the Fallopian tube. This
technique is called ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian
Transfer). [1]
2. (a) A test cross is a type of cross done between the
heterozygous F1-generation and recessive parent, i.e.
Pp ´ pp
[1]
(F -generation) (Recessive parent)
1 upon the species richness and evenness.
3. (a) The terms ovulation and ZIFT are correctly defined,
while rest are incorrect and can be corrected as
The process of delivery fo foetus (Childbirth) is called
parturition.
Implantation is the attachment of embryo to the
endometrium. [1]
4. (c) According to Hugo de Vries, mutations appear
suddenly and hence called it saltation (single step large
mutation). He believed that mutation causes evolution
and not the minor heritable variations which were
mentioned by Darwin. [1]
5. (c) Yeast respires under anaerobic conditions and
converts glucose to alcohol and CO 2 . [1]
6. (d) A and B are natality and immigration that increases
population density. Whereas, C and D are mortality and
emigration that decreases population density. [1]
7. (c) The cuckoo (parasite) lays its eggs in the nest of
crow (host). As the eggs of parasitic birds have evolved
to resemble hosts’ egg to reduce the chances of host
bird from detecting and ejecting parasitic eggs from the
nest. [1]
8. (a) EcoRI is a restriction enzyme (endonuclease) that
cuts the DNA segment at specific location during rDNA
technology. Whereas, DNA ligase (molecular scissor) is
an enzyme that joins the two separated strands of
plasmid and foreign DNA. [1]
9. (c) Tobacco smoke can induce lung cancer in humans.
[1]
10. (a) Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics, as the
antibiotics are used to cure bacterial infections by
disrupting their cell wall. But as HIV is a virus (causative
agent of AIDS), it cannot be killed or cured by
antibiotics due to their different structure and way of
surviving. [1]
11. (a) Alpha diversity is a species diversity of any given
community or a habitat.The species diversity depends
[1]
12. (a) It shows an expanding population which is
pyramid-shaped which increases the population size
as the pre-reproductive individuals are more than
reproductive ones. [1]
13. (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
Endosperm develops from fusion of one male gamete
and two polar nuclei. It is a nutritive tissue present in the
seeds. It provides nutrition to the developing embryo.
In pea (dicot) seed, there is no residual endosperm as it
is completely consumed during embryo formation.
Hence, its considered as non-endospermic seed. [1]
14. (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
In humans, sex is determined by sex chromosomes.
Sex chromosomes in human female are XX and in
human male are XY which means that human male
produces X and Y-chromosomes containing gametes,
while human females produces only X-containing
gametes. Therefore, males determine the sex of
offspring. Sex in humans is a monogenic trait as there is
lack of interaction between genes on X and
Y-chromosomes, which is required for a trait to be
polygenic. [1]
15. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is
not the correct explanation of Assertion.
Transgenic microorganisms can be developed by
inserting genes encoding for desired protein products
using recombinant DNA technology. These transgenic
organisms function as living microfactories that
produces proteins like human insulin, human growth
hormone, etc. [1]
2 Stage III Excellence Level
16. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is
the correct explanation of Assertion.
Consumers of first order are group of organisms
including the herbivores. These directly eat upon green
plants producers. [1]
17. Restriction enzymes cut the strands of the DNA, a
little away from the centre of the palindromic sites,
but between the same two bases on the opposite
strands. This leaves the single-stranded position at
the ends. These overhanging stretches are called
sticky ends. These are named so because they form
hydrogen bonds with their complementary cut
counterparts. [1 + 1]
18. . (i) Part X (pollen tube) shows chemotropic growth
through solid part of the style of the ovule. [1]
(ii) After fertilisation, part A (ovary) develops into a fruit
and part B (ovule) develops into seed. [1]
Common Mistake
Generally students assume that ovary develops into
seed and ovule develops into fruit. However, this is
not true the former develops into fruit and the
latter into seed.
19. Here, X refers to thymus gland, it is the primary
lymphoid organ. In thymus gland, the immature
lymphocytes such as B-lymphocytes differentiate into
an antigen-sensitive lymphocytes. Hence, when the
thymus gland is removed from the body of a person, his
immune system will become weak. As a result, of which
the individual’s body becomes prone to the infectious
diseases easily. [2]
20. (i) The names given to the above mentioned pyramids
are
A–Expanding, B–Stable, C–Declining [1]
(ii) The age pyramid A is plotted on the basis of number
of individual of pre-reproductive age, reproductive
age and post-reproductive age in a population. [1]
21. (i) This representation (Hb A peptide) indicates a
normal human, because the glutamic acid in the
sixth position is not substituted by valine. [1]
(ii) Both males and females are likely to suffer from the
disease equally as this is not a sex-linked disease. It
is an autosomal linked recessive trait. [1]
Or
In snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), on corssing the
pure breeding red flowered and white flowered plants
produces, hybrid of F1-generation possesing pink
flowers.
RR rr
(Red) × (White)
R r
Rr F -generation
1
Pink
The genotype of F1-generation is Rr and phenotype is
pink.
Biology Class 12
Incomplete dominance is a form of gene interaction in
which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially
expressed, often resulting in an intermediate of
different phenotype. [2]
22. (i) A — Synergids, B — Micropyle, C — Hilum [1]
(ii) The part labelled as A represents synergids. They
possess special cellular thickenings at their
micropylar tip called filiform apparatus. This filiform
apparatus guides the pollen tube to enter embryo
sac. The tip of pollen tube enters one synergid, then
it starts degenerating. [2]
23. (i) In the ovarian event from 13-15 days, an immature
ovum (egg cell) is released from the Graafian
follicle. Both LH and FSH attain the maximum peak.
FSH helps Graafian follicle to attain maturity and LH
helps in its rupture. An ovum is covered by a
number of layer and a yellow fat layer forms corpus
luteum that releases (secretes) the hormone called
progesterone. [1]
(ii) During menstrual cycle, the period from 16-23 days
is called luteal phase (secretory phase). During this
phase, the corpus luteum secretes large amount of
progesterone which is essential for the
maintenance of endometrium layer of the uterus.
[1]
(iii) The uterine events from 24-29 days are also under
the influence of progesterone hormone only. As it
influences the maintenance of the endometrium for
any pregnancy to occur. [1]
24. (i) Differences between Homo erectus and Homo
habilis are as
Homo erectus Homo habilis
Origin period is 1.5 Origin period is 1.2-1.5
mya. mya.
Brain capacity 900 cc, First human like beings,
meat eater, fossils brain capacity 650-800 cc,
found in Java. herbivorous and fossils
found in East Africa.
[1 + 1]
(ii) The correct sequence from early to late geological
period is Silurian ® Carboniferous ® Jurassic. [1]
25. . (i) ato a¢is 5¢ ® 3¢.
DNA sequence coding for serine is UCA and its
anticodon is AGU. [2]
(ii) The untranslated regions are required for efficient
translation process.
They are present before the initiation codon at the
5¢ end and after the stop/termination codon at the
3 ¢ end. [1]
26. On the basis of colour production in the presence of
chromogenic substrate, the recombinants and
non-recombinants can be differentiated. In this a
recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding
sequence of an enzyme b-galactosidase, which results
in the inactivation of enzyme.
 Sample Paper 12
In plate A, the bacterial colonies having inserted
plasmid, show no colouration. While in plate B,
insertion of plasmid does not occur, therefore it shows
blue colour. [3]
27. (i) Transmission The disease causing parasite is
transmitted by mechanical vectors like houseflies,
cockroaches, etc. from the faeces of the infected
person (reservoir) to the food and contaminate it.
[1]
(ii) Symptoms The patient passes out blood and
mucus with stools. He also experiences griping
pain in the abdomen (cramps) along with fever,
constipation, etc. [1]
(iii) Preventive Measures
• Maintain cleanliness in public and at personal
level.
• Practice hygiene like washing hands before
eating, keeping food covered, etc.
• Proper medication or vaccination should be
taken for treatment and prophylaxis. (Any two)
[1]
Or
(i) Salmonella typhi, Widal test [1]
(ii) • Pathogens enter the human body through
contaminated food and water.
• The diagnostic symptoms are high fever,
weakness, stomach pain.The body organ
affected in severe case is small intestine. [2]
28. Death rates or mortality is expressed as the number of
death of individuals of a population per year. For
example, if 80 individuals of a laboratory population of
800 fruitfly died in a week, then death rate is,
80
= 0.1 per fruitfly/week.
800 [2]
The two characteristics of population, i.e. not exhibited
by an individual are
(i) Population size or density
(ii) Population interactions [1]
29. (i) The genotype of the parents can be
IAi ® A and IBi ® B, i.e. IAi and IBi. [1]
Parents IAi IBi
IA i IB i
IAIB IAi IBi ii
(ii) Now
(a) IAIB is married to X and produces child A. i.e. X
can be IAi or IAIA
(b) The possible blood group will be A or O. ii
marries to A and produces Y, so the possible
blood group of A can be A or O. [1]
Stage III Excellence Level 3
(iii) The individual ‘Y’ in the third generation will have two
possible groups or group A or O. [2]
Or
(iii) When the individual in second generation has blood
group B, then the individual ‘Y’ in the third
generation will have possible groups as B or O.
[2]
30. (i) The antibodies in person A are destroyed or broken
down to certain products in its concentration which
are then excreted out from the body. Thus, shows
decrease. [1]
(ii) The types of immunity shown in person A is artificial
passive immunity and person B is artificial active
immunity. [1]
(iii) The person A shows no antigen entering the body,
resulting in no immune response. The
B-lymphocytes are not activated and not
differentiated into plasma cells and memory cells in
his body. Thus, no antibody is formed. [2]
Or
(iii) Antibodies are always specific for specific
antigens/proteins of a pathogen. There is a variable
region in the structure of antibody which makes a
specific antigen binding site for a specific antigen.
[2]
31. (i) Ovaries
Location Primary sex organ located on upper pelvic
cavity on both lateral sides of uterus.
Function Production of ova (gametes) and female
sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone. [1]
(ii) Uterus
Location Maintained in position within the pelvic
cavity by muscles and ligaments.
Function It is the site of implantation, plays active
role in parturition. [1]
(iii) Mammary Glands
Location Composed of lobes within the breasts.
Function Produce and secrete milk for nourishment
of an infant. [1]
(iv) Clitoris
Location Rounded projection at the upper part of
the two labia minora above the urethral opening.
Function Provides feeling of pleasure during sexual
stimulation. [1]
(v) Fallopian Tube
Location Open-ended tubes that extend from the
ovaries to the uterus.
Function Site of fertilisation, conveys ova toward
uterus. [1]
4 Stage III Excellence Level
Or
(i) Testes
Location Primary sex organ located posterior to the
penis within the scrotum.
Function Produce spermatozoa (gametes) and
testesterone. [1]
(ii) Penis
Location Located anterior to the scrotum and
attached to the pubis.
Function Organ of coitus, convey urine and seminal
fluid to outside of body. [1]
(iii) Cowper’s Gland
Location Present inferior to the prostate.
Function Secrete fluid that lubricates urethra. [1]
(iv) Vas Deferens
Location Ducts extending from the epididymis to
the ejaculatory ducts.
Function Store spermatozoa and transport it during
ejaculation. [1]
(v) Scrotum
Location Present between the ductus deferentia
and the prostatic urethra.
Function Receives spermatozoa [1]
In order to get maximum marks,
students should answer this
Value Points question in a single line instead of
elaborated manner.
32. (i) Bt cotton produces toxin proteins that kill certain
insects like lepidopterans. coleopterans and
dipterans. Thus, this crop does not require the
application of herbicides and pesticides. [1]
(ii) (a) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
(GEAC). [1]
(b) The potential risks of GM crops are as follows
• Unintentional introduction of allergens and
other anti-nutritional factor in food crops,
• Toxin containing crops might affect
non-target organisms. [2]
(iii) Basmati rice and turmeric, neem. [1]
Or
(i) No, eukaryotic cells do not have restriction
endonucleases. All the restriction endonucleases
have been isolated from various strains of bacteria.
Prokaryotes (bacteria) have this enzyme as a
defence mechanism to destroy the foreign DNA or
to restrict the growth of bacteriophages. [2]
(ii) First restriction endonuclease Hind II was
discovered by Smith, Wilcox and Kelley in 1968.
[1]
(iii) (a) Exonucleases cleave base pairs of DNA at
their terminal ends while, endonucleases
cleave DNA at any point within the DNA
segment at specific position except terminal
ends.
Biology Class 12
(b) Restriction endonuclease are the enzymes
produced mainly by certain bacteria and
these recognises a specific sequence called
restriction site. The EcoRI cuts the DNA strand
a little away from the palindromic sequence,
but between the same two bases on the two
strands
Eco RI ¯
5¢– G – A – A – T – T – C – 3¢
3¢–C – T – T – A – A – G – 5¢
­ Eco RI [1+1]
33. In bacteria, both processes occur in the cytoplasm as
there is no nucleus. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs
in the nucleus, while translation occurs in the
cytoplasm. [1]
Complexities in Eukaryotic Transcription
Eukaryotes have additional complexities in gene
expression than prokaryotes as mentioned in gene
expression below
(i) There are at least three RNA polymerases in the
nucleus other than the RNA polymerase in
organelles. The RNA polymerase-I transcribes
rRNAs (28S, 18S and 5.8S). RNA polymerase-III is
responsible for the transcription of tRNA, 5srRNA
and snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs).
RNA polymerase-II transcribes precursor of
mRNA, the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).
(ii) Another complexity is that the primary transcripts
contain both the exons and the introns and are
non-functional. Hence, it is subjected to a process
called splicing. In this process, introns are removed
and exons are joined in a definite order.
(iii) hnRNA undergoes additional processing called
capping and tailing. In capping, an unusual
nucleotide is added to the 5¢ end of hnRNA.
In tailing, adenylate residues (200-300) are added at
3¢ end in a template. Capping and tailing protect the
mRNA from degradation by the activity of digestive
enzymes present in the cytoplasm.
It is the fully processed hnRNA, now called mRNA
that is transported out of the nucleus for translation
process. [3]
Complexities in Translation in Eukaryotes
The mRNA formed in nucleus has to be transported to
the cytoplasm.
Transcription and translation cannot be coupled in
eukaryotes. [1]
Or
(i) Structure of tRNA
The secondary structure of tRNA looks like a
clover-leaf.
AlltRNA molecules have a guanine residue at their 5¢
end.
At the 3¢ end an unpaired CCA sequence is present.
Amino acids get attached to this end during
translation.
 Sample Paper 12 Stage III Excellence Level 5

tRNA has an anticodon loop, an amino acid Function of tRNA The function of tRNA is to align
acceptor arm and a ribosome site. the required amino acids according to the
The anticodon loop has bases complementary to nucleotide sequence of mRNA. [1]
the code. Amino acid acceptor end binds to amino tRNA is also called the adapter molecule because
acids. on one hand it can read the code and on the other
hand, it can bind to specific amino acid. It acts as
Ser Tyr intermediate molecule between triplet code of
5¢ 3¢ 5¢ 3¢
tRNA mRNA and amino acid sequence of polypeptide
chain. [1]

For obtaining maximum marks,

students should explain the
Value Points structure of tRNA through a
U C A – Anticodon A U G well-labelled diagram.
A G U – Codon U A C mRNA
5¢ 3¢
tRNA the adapter molecule [3]