BIOLOGY

SOLUTION : PRACTICE PAPER – 5

SECTION – A
Q. 1. (i) (d) Synergids
(ii) (b) Treponema pallidum
(iii) (d) sucrose
(iv) (b) hypersecretion of corticoids
(v) (c) Carbon assimilation in photosynthesis
(vi) (a) The thickness of the ozone in a column of air from the ground to the top
of the atmosphere.
(vii) (a) Azotobacter
(viii) (c) Steptomyces venezuelae
(ix) (b) biosynthesis of 3-IAA
(x) (c) chromomeres
Q. 2. (i) Genes located on the non-homologous region of Y-chromosome are called
Y-linked genes. The traits due to such genes are called holandric traits which
are seen only in males.
(ii) 
(a) IAA : Andole-3-Acetic acid
(b) NAA : Naphthalene Acetic acid
(iii) In human pharynx, there is a set of lymphoid organs called tonsils.
(iv) 
Red nucleus plays an important role in controlling posture and muscle tone,
modifying some motor activities and motor coordination.
(v) 
Coacervates are colloidal aggregations of hydrophobic proteins and lipids
which grew in size by taking up material from surrounding aqueous medium.
(vi) Repressor protein is produced by the action of gene i (inhibitor). This gene acts
as a regulatory gene in lac operon.
(vii) 
The plant tissue culture medium consists of water, all essential minerals, sources
for carbohydrates, proteins and fats, growth hormones like auxins and cytokinins,
vitamins. Agar is added to solidify nutrient medium for callus culture.
(viii) Sporozoite.
SECTION – B
Q. 3. (1) P olyembryony is the development of more than one embryo inside the seed. When
such polyembryonic seed germinate we get multiple seedlings from it.
(2) This condition increases the chances of survival of new plants.
(3) Nucellar embryos are genetically identical to parent plants hence we get uniform
plants.

PRACTICE PAPER – BIOLOGY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 1

 (4) In horticulture we can utilize these as rootstock for grafting, hence they have
significant role in fruit breeding programmes e.g. Citrus, Mango.

Q. 4. Blastula Gastrula
1. 
Blastula is formed from morula on 1. 
Gastrula is formed from blastula
7th day after fertilization. 15 days after fertilization.
2. Blastula has a blastocoel. 2. Gastrula has a gastrocoel or archenteron.
3. Blastula is produced by the process of 3. Gastrula is produced by the process of
blastulation. gastrulation.
4. 
Blastula undergoes implantation 4. Gastrula undergoes morphogenesis and
followed by gastrulation. then forms germs layers.
5. During blastula formation there is no 5. 
Gastrula formation results from the
movement of cells. morphogenetic movement of cells.
Q. 5. (1) During early foetal life, the testes develop in the lumbar region of the abdominal
cavity just below the kidney, but during seventh month of development, they
descend permanently into the respective scrotal sacs through a passage called
inguinal canal.
(2) For the development of the sperm, lesser temperature than the body temperature
is required.
(3) If the testes remain in the abdominal cavity, then sperm production does not take
place.
(4) This may result in impotency. Therefore testes are located outside the body cavity.
Q. 6. (a) 
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law states that at equilibrium point both the
allelic frequency and genotypic frequency remain constant from generation to
generation, in the diploid, sexually reproducing, large, free interbreeding population
in which mating is random and there is absence of any other factors that change
the allele frequency.
(b) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation : p2  2pq  q2  1
Q. 7. (1) 
Arteries have relatively thick walls to enable them to withstand the high pressure
of blood ejected from the heart.
(2) Arteries expand when the pressure increases as the heart pushes blood out but then
recoil (shrink) when the pressure decreases when the heart relaxes between
heartbeats.
(3) This expansion and recoiling occurs to maintain a smooth blood flow.
(4) Veins, on the other hand, have thinner walls and larger lumen, veins have thin
walls, as they need not have to withstand high pressure like arteries.
(5) 
Moreover, as veins transport relatively low pressure blood, they are commonly
equipped with valves to promote the unidirectional flow of blood towards the
heart.
2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII
Q. 8. (1) Glucagon – (ii) Islets of Langerhans
(2) Adrenaline – (iv) Medulla
(3) Somatotropins – (iii) Adenohypophysis
(4) ADH – (i) Neurohypophysis
Q. 9. (1) Endoparasites show loss of unnecessary sense organs as these are not needed for
the parasite.
(2) There are adhesive organs or suckers always present in the endoparasites which
are needed to cling on to the host.
(3) Endoparasites show loss of digestive system.
(4) They have very high reproductive capacity.
(5) The complex life cycles are seen in such parasites which involve intermediate
hosts or vectors to facilitate transfer to the host.
Q. 10. (1) Temperature, water, light and soil are the major abiotic factors that influence the
habitat.
Temperature : It is ecologically relevant factor which limits the distribution of
(2) 
the organisms. Temperature affects the enzyme kinetics and entire metabolism of
organisms.
Water : Production and distribution of plants is dependent on the water. Chemical
(3) 
composition and pH of water are important factors for aquatic organisms.
Light : Plants depend on light for photosynthesis. Light is the source of energy
(4) 
for all living organisms.
Soil : Characteristics of soil determine the vegetation of the area. Types of animals
(5) 
too depend upon the vegetation.
Q. 11. (a) Auxins (b) Gibberellins (c) Ethylene (d) ABA.
Q. 12. (1) Translocation of water is transport of water along with dissolved minerals from
roots to aerial parts like stem and leaves, against the gravity is described as ascent
of sap.
(2) 
Different theories have been discussed for translocation mechanism like vital
force theory (Root pressure), relay pump, physical force (capillary), etc. Cohesion
tension theory or transpiration pull theory is most widely accepted theory.
Q. 13. Lenticular transpiration :
(1) Small, raised structures, which are composed of loose cells with large intercellular
spaces situated on bark are lenticels.
(2) They are observed on bark of old stem, root and on woody pericarp of fruits.
(3) Lenticular transpiration is of very small amount about 0.1% to 1% of total transpiration.
(4) It is very slow process but occurs throughout the day.

PRACTICE PAPER – BIOLOGY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 3

Q. 14.

Fig. Nucleosome

SECTION – C
Q. 15. Significance of fertilization :
(1) Fertilization forms the zygote which eventually produces new offspring.
(2) Fertilization restores diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote as two haploid
gametes come together in a zygote.
(3) During fertilization, centrioles are passed on to the ovum, due to this secondary oocyte
can complete meiosis – II. The fertilization thus concludes the process of oogenesis.
(4) By fertilization the genetic characters of two parents are mixed. This leads to
variation and has significance in evolution.
Q. 16. Blood clotting :
(1) The process of converting the liquid blood into a semisolid form is called blood
clotting or coagulation.
(2) The process of clotting may be initiated by contact of blood with any foreign
surface (intrinsic process) or with damaged tissue (extrinsic process).
(3) Intrinsic and extrinsic processes involve interaction of various substances called
clotting factors by a step wise or cascade mechanism.
(4) There are in all twelve clotting factors numbered as I to XII (factor VI is not in
active use).
(5) Interaction of these factors in a cascade manner leads to formation of enzyme
Thromboplastin which helps in the formation of enzyme prothrombinase.
(6) Prothrombinase inactivates heparin and also converts inactive prothrombin into
active thrombin.
(7) Thrombin converts soluble blood protein-fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin. Fibrin
forms a mesh in which platelets and other blood cells are trapped to form the clot.
(8) These reactions occur in 2 to 8 minutes. Therefore, clotting time is said to be
2 to 8 minutes.
Q. 17. (a)

Fig. Formation of spinal nerve

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 (b) Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord.
31 spinal nerves belong to following groups :
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal.
Q. 18. (a) A : Hatching, B : Pupa
(b) Trachardia lacca.
(c) Shellac is the pure form of lac obtained by washing and filtering.
Q. 19. (a) Interferons, tumour necrosis factor, interleukins, macrophage activating factor.
(b) Human loctoferrin, human alpha lactalbumin, human serum albumin, human bile
salt, stimulated lipase.
Atlantic salmon, catfish, goldfish, Tilapia, zebra-fish, common carp, rainbow
(c) 
trout.
Q. 20. (a) 
Ecological succession : The gradual and predictable change in the species
composition of a given area is called ecological succession.
(b) 
Various seral stages in hydrach succession from pioneer species to climax
community are as follows :
(1) In aquatic habitats, the pioneer species in primary succession are the small
phytoplankton.
Phytoplankton are replaced by rooted-submerged plants (e.g. Hydrilla),
(2) 
rooted-floating angiosperms (e.g. Lotus) followed by free-floating plants
(e.g. Pistia), then reed swamp (e.g. Typha), marsh-meadow (e.g. Cyperus),
scrub (e.g. Alnus) and finally the trees (e.g. Quercus) in a very systematic and
gradual way.
(3) The climax community would be a forest. With passage of time, the water
body is converted into land.
Q. 21. (a) Loss of biodiversity occurs due to two main causes :
(1) Natural reasons : E.g. Forest fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.
Manmade reasons : E.g. Habitat destruction, hunting, settlement, over
(2) 
exploitation and reclamation.
(b)
(1) When species diversity is lost, the ecosystem enters into imbalance.
(2) The biodiversity loss results into lesser plant production.
(3) This causes disruption of further food chains and food webs.
(4) The environmental processes such as disease cycles, plant productivity, etc.
are also adversely affected.
(5) The productivity of the ecosystem is reduced and this results into overall
imbalance in the ecosystem.
PRACTICE PAPER – BIOLOGY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 5
Q. 22. B-cells T-cells
1. B-cells are type of lymphocytes whose 1. T-cells are type of lymphocytes which
origin is in bone marrow but maturation originate in bone marrow but maturation
is in blood. occurs in thymus.
2. B-cells are type of lymphocytes which 2. T-cells are type of lymphocytes which
are involved in humoral mediated are involved in cell-mediated immunity.
immunity.
3. 
20% of lymphocytes present in the 3. 
80% of lymphocytes present in the
blood are B-cells. blood are T-cells.
4. Two types of B-cells are Memory cells 4. 
T-cells are of following
and Plasma cells. subtypes : Cytotoxic T-cells, helper
T-cells, suppressor T-cells.
5. They are involved in antibody mediated 5. 
They are involved in cell-mediated
immunity. (AMI) immunity (CMI).
6. 
B-cells produced antibodies with 6. T-cells do not produce antibodies.
which they fight against pathogens.
7. 
B-cells have membrane bound 7. There is a presence of T-cell receptors
immunoglobulins located on the on the T-cell surface.
surface.
Q. 23. (a) The name of the hormone is abscissic acid.
(b) Physiological effects of abscissic acid (ABA) in plants :
(1) Abscissic acid influences abscission and dormancy.
(2) ABA accelerates senescence of leaves, flowers and fruits.
(3) It is a stress hormone as it is produced during drought and other unfavourable
climatic conditions.
(4) ABA induces dormancy in seeds, buds and tubers.
(5) It acts as growth inhibitor as it retards growth.
(6) ABA plays an important role in closing of stomata to check transpiration.
(7) It inhibits and delays cell division and suppresses cambial activity by inhibiting
mitosis in vascular cambium.
(8) ABA inhibits flowering in LDP and stimulates flowering in short day plants
(SDP).
 (Any four effects)
Q. 24. Structure of root hair :
(1) Water from soil is absorbed by plants with the help of root hairs, which are present
in zone of absorption.
(2) Epidermal cells (epiblema cells) form unicellular hair like, short lived extensions
called root hairs.

6 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 Fig. Structure of root hair

(3) Root hairs are cytoplasmic extensions of epiblema cell.

(4) Root hairs are long tube like structures of about 1 to 10 mm. They are colourless,
unbranched and very delicate structures.
(5) A large central vacuole is surrounded by thin layer of cytoplasm, plasma membrane
and outer cell wall.
(6) The cell wall of root hair is thin and double layered with outer layer of pectin and
inner layer of cellulose which is freely permeable.
Q. 25. (a) Australopithecus, the ancestor of human which is described as man with ape brain.
(b) Homo habilis.
(c) Homo sapiens sapiens is the scientific name of modern man.
Q. 26. (a) DNA fingerprinting : The technique developed to identify a person with the help
of DNA restriction analysis is called DNA fingerprinting.
(b) Southern blotting technique is used to transfer the separated DNA fragments from
agarose gel to a nylon membrane or nitrocellulose filter paper.
(c) To solve criminal cases such as rape or murder in forensic science.
SECTION – D
Q. 27. (1) Unisexuality, dichogamy, prepotency, heteromorphy, herkogamy and self sterility
are the outbreeding devices.
(2) Unisexuality : The plants bear either male or female flowers. Due to unisexual
nature, self pollination is avoided. Plants are either dioecious, e.g. Papaya or
monoecious, e.g. maize.
(3) Heteromorphy : In same plants different types of flowers are produced. In these
flowers, stigmas and anthers are situated at different levels. There is heterostyly
and heteroanthy. This prevents self pollination e.g. Primrose.
Herkogamy : In bisexual flowers we may come across mechanical device to
(4) 
prevent self pollination. Natural physical barrier avoids contact of pollens with
stigma. e.g. Calotropis where pollinia are situated below the stigma.
Prepotency : In prepotency, pollens of other flower germinate rapidly rather than
(5) 
from the same flower, e.g. Apples.
PRACTICE PAPER – BIOLOGY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 7
 Self sterility of Self incompatibility : It is a genetic mechanism in which pollen
(6) 
germination is inhibited on the stigma of the same flower. E.g. Tobacco, Thea.
Q. 28. (a) Incomplete dominance : Flower colour of Mirabilis jalapa.
Parents : Red flowers  White flowers
RR rr

Gametes : R  r

F1 hybrids : Rr
Pink flowers
F2 Generation : Selfing of F1

R r



R RR Rr
red pink
r Rr rr
pink white

Result :
Genotypic ratio – 1 RR : 2 Rr : 1 rr
Phenotypic ratio – 1 Red : 2 Pink : 1 White
(b) Co-dominance : Coat colour in cattle
Parents : Red female  White male
RR WW

Gametes : R  W

F1 generation : RW
Roan coloured
F2 generation : Selfing of F1

R W



R RR RW
W RW WW

Genotypic ratio : 1 RR : 2 RW : 1 WW
Phenotypic ratio : 1 Red : 2 Roan : 1 White

8 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 29 (a) Blood Lymph
1. 
It contains blood plasma with 1. 
It contains blood plasma without
proteins and all three types of blood blood proteins, RBCs and platelets
cells namely RBCs, WBCs and and contains lymphocytes.
blood platelets.
2. 
Red in colour due to presence of 2. Light yellow in colour and does not
RBCs. contain RBCs.
3. Carries oxygen in the body. 3. Does not carry oxygen.
4. The flow of blood in blood vessels is 4. 
The flow of lymph in lymph
fast. capillaries is slow.
5. Lymphocytes are present. 5. 
Lymphocytes are present, more in
number than those present in the
blood.

(b)

 (Any four)
Q. 30. (a) Hypersecretion of growth hormones in adults causes abnormal elongation of long
bones of arms and legs and of lower jaw i.e. acromegaly.
(b) Polydipsia, i.e. frequent thirst and polyuria, i.e. frequent urination are the symptoms
of the disease caused by hyposecretion of ADH.
(c)

Fig. V.S. of pituitary gland

PRACTICE PAPER – BIOLOGY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 9

Q. 31. (1) Bioethics is the study of moral vision, decision and policies of human behaviour
in relation to biological phenomena or events.
(2) Bioethics deals with wide range of reactions on new developments like cloning,
transgenic, gene therapy, eugenics, rDNA technology, in vitro fertilization, sperm
bank, gene therapy, euthanasia, death, maintaining those who are in comatose
state, prenatal genetic selection, etc.
(3) Ethical aspects pertaining to the use of biotechnology are :
(a) 
Use of animals cause great sufferings to them.
(b) Violation of integration of species caused due to transgenosis.
(c) Transfer of human genes into animals and vice versa.
(d) Indiscriminate use of biotechnology pose risk to the environment, health and
biodiversity.
(e) The effects of GMO on non-target organisms, insect resistance crops, gene
flow, the loss of diversity.
(f) Modification process disrupting the natural process of biological entities.
(4) Bioethics also includes the discussion on subjects like what should and should not
be done in using recombinant DNA techniques.

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10 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII