773 2433 1 PB

GASTER JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
Journal of Health Science

SURAKARTA ‘AISYIYAH UNIVERSITY
Anjar Nurrohmah, Anis Aprianti, Sri Hartutik

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer
Bangkit Ary Pratama, Sri Saptuti Wahyuningsih

Analysis of Knowledge with Compliance in Implementing Protocols of
COVID-19 in SMP Negeri 4 Sukoharjo’s Students
VOLUME 20 No. 1 - FEBRUARY 2022

Dewi Puspitaningrum, Muhammad Zen Rahfiludin
Determinants of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) Coverage in Premarital: Systematic
Review
Dewie Meidyani, Armenia Diah Sari, Atik Badi’ah

The Effect of Health Education About Toileting on Knowledge,
Attitude and Independence of Children Age School in SDN Gedongtengen
Ida Nur Imamah, Norman Wijaya Gati

The Effect of Supportive Group Therapy Toward DM Patients Depression
Idham Choliq, Mundakir, Dede Nasrullah, Sukadiono,

Vika Ramadhana Fitriyani
https://jurnal.aiska-university.ac.id/index.php/gaster
Study of Knowledge and Compliance at Muhammadiyah Autonomous
Organization (ORTOM) on COVID-19 Prevention
Lely Firrahmawati, Endang Sri Wahyuni, Ika Silvitasari

The Duration of Hormonal Contraceptive Use is Not Related to Weight
Gain
Maryatun, Indarwati, Widaryati

Contribution of Premature Baby (the Low Birth Weigh) towards
Postpartum Depressed Mother
Muhammad Sowwam, Sudaryanto, Muhammad Erfa’I

The Effect of the Prophet Ayub Bibliotherapy on Self-Concept of Chronic
Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Nurul Khotimah, Salva Shofiana, Mei Renawati,

Riyani Wulandari
The Effect of Eye Exercises Intervention as Myopia Booming Prevention
Effort in Children During Online Learning in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Wijianto, Ega Fahla Agustianti

The Effect of Active and Passive Recovery Exercise in Reduring DOMS
(Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness): Critical Review
GASTER VOL. 20 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30787/gaster.v20i1

Wijianto1*, Ega Fahla Agustianti1

1
Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Science,
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
*
E-mail: wij165@ums.ac.id
DOI : https://doi.org/10.30787/gaster.v20i1.773
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Keywords: Forward Head Background: Sport is an activity that has a positive effect on
Posture, Balance, Physio- an individual. DOMS occurs when a person starts exercising
therapy after a long period of inactivity and results from an increase in
the load and intensity of the exercise. DOMS is characterized by
the onset of muscle soreness after exercise. Any type of activity
that places an unusual load on the muscles can cause DOMS.
Objective: to determine the existence of active recovery and
passive recovery in reducing DOMS (delayed onset muscle
soreness). Method: The study design in this research is a critical
review. The data were obtained using several literature searches,
namely Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Science
Direct, Google scholar, pubmed, NCBI, Jane Biosemantic.
Results: based on 7 articles found, 3 articles said massage
with the rolling massage technique had a significant effect on
reducing doms symptoms, 2 articles said it was not effective, 1
article said aerobic exercise had an effect on preventing doms
and 1 article said stretching was not effective. Conclusion: The
review shown most of the studies used 20 minutes combined with
foam roller reducing DOMS effect.
INTRODUCTION a defined goal (Jay K et al., 2014). DOMS

Sport is an activity that has a positive occurs when a person starts exercising after
effect on an individual, Sport is defined as a long period of inactivity and results from
part of an exercise carried out individually or an increase in the load and intensity of the
as part of a team, where the individual has exercise. DOMS is characterized by the onset
Volume 20 Number 1, February 2022 ISSN 1858-3385, E-ISSN 2549-7006 111




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Riyani Wulandari


of pain in the muscles after exercise. Any type to reduce the movement that will cause pain
of activity that places an unusual load on the and choose to rest, it makes muscle strength
muscles can cause DOMS. Other effects of decrease (Veqar, 2013).
DOMS are reduced Range of Motion (ROM), Physiotherapy has many modalities
swelling, and decreased muscle function. that can be given to reduce complaints in
DOMS begins to occur within 12-24 hours individuals who experience DOMS, one of
after exercise, peaks in the range 24-48 hours which is active recovery and passive exercise.
after exercise and subsides within five days Recovery is a process to restore muscles and
to seven days after exercise. (Prihantoro & other body parts to their original condition
Ambardini, 2018). before being given exercise (Lesmana et
DOMS is characterized by a dull al., 2018). Recovery aims to give the body
aching sensation; this pain is usually felt time to rest and to repair damaged or injured
on movement or when the affected muscle muscle cells. Recovery can be done actively
is palpated and is usually accompanied by or passively. Active recovery is doing a
stiffness and tenderness. DOMS is considered physical activity with a light intensity. and
as one of the symptoms of muscle damage passive recovery is not doing any activity or
caused by exercise consisting of eccentric complete rest (Sari, 2016).
contractions (Xie et al., 2018). The benefits of active recovery and passive
Muscle soreness occurs when muscle exercise are to eliminate lactic acid levels and
fibers are torn, and the muscles adapt to restore physical condition to normal. One of
maintain their strength. Muscle strain occurs the active recovery interventions can be given
as a result of overtraining that occurs in most exercise in the form of active stretching,
muscle fibers that affect the degree of motion active stretching will stretch the myofibrils
and tendons. Pain and muscle damage can and muscle sarcomeres, it can provide the
occur due to continuous exercise (Guo et al., ability for muscles to contract and relax. and
2017). passive recovery interventions can be given
In individuals affected by Delayed Onset massage therapy, the benefit of massage
Muscle Soreness (DOMS) will feel pain so therapy is to reduce discomfort that occurs in
that individuals are afraid or anxious to move the muscles (Lewis et al., 2012).
the injured part, the individual will choose
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The formulation of the problem in this RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

study is whether active recovery and passive Determine the inclusion and exclusion
exercise are effective in reducing Delayed criteria in this study using the PICO
Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) in athletes. standard. It is intended that the article to be
While the purpose of this study was to reviewed is relevant and appropriate to be
determine the effect of active and passive used as a reference and basis for this study.
recovery exercise in reducing Delayed Onset The PICO standard consists of 4 points,
Muscle Soreness. namely P (Population), I (Intervention), C
(Comparation), and O (Outcome). In the 7
METHODS AND MATERIALS
articles used as the basis for this study, the
The study design in this research is a population used was mostly healthy people,
critical review. Critical review is a method both athletes and non-athletes with an age
that analyzes and evaluates an article, book, range of 18-30 years, while the interventions
or other media. In writing a good critical given in these 7 articles were mostly massage
review, the author must understand the with foam roller and effleurage techniques.
material, understand how to analyze, and For physical exercise intervention in the
evaluate the material using the appropriate form of stretching with dynamic stretching
criteria. The data search base was obtained techniques, static stretching, aerobic
by using several literature searches, namely exercise. Of the 7 articles, a control group
Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), was used as a comparison which was not
Science Direct, Google scholar, Pubmed, given any intervention and who was given
NCBI, Jane Biosemantic. Then the next stage electrotherapy intervention. The results of the
of screening is carried out to obtain articles article partially state that roller massage can
that are relevant to the research studies carried reduce the impact of DOMS, some say that
out. The appraisal stage uses the PEDro scale roller massage is not effective. In an article
to determine the level of bias in the journal using a physical exercise intervention said
so that it can be seen whether active recovery that aerobic exercise can prevent the risk of
(active stretching) and passive exercise developing DOMS. For clearer details, see
(massage) interventions are recommended the PICO table below.
for patients or not.




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Table 1. PICO
Title Subject Intervention Comparison Outcome
Foam Rolling For • Subjects 8 men Foam rolling group The control The effect of foam
Delayed –Onset • Age :22 years old • Frequency : 50 beats group was only rolling is reduced
Muscle Soreness • Healthy male per minute asked to take a muscle pain
and Recovery population who • Intensity: 2 break
of Dynamic do moderate repetitions with 15
Performance to very active seconds rest
Measures physical activity. • Time: 20 minutes
• Type : roller
massage
Effect of foam • 20 healthy and Foam rolling group The passive Foam rolling can
rolling for delayed physically active • Frequency : 50 beats recovery group improve recovery
onset muscle male and female per minute was asked to rest from DOMS and
soreness on loaded subjects. • Intensity: 2 for 20 minutes increase military
military task • 18-30 years old repetitions, with a without doing readiness and
performance and • Foam rolling rest 15 seconds any activity effectiveness and
perceived recovery group • Type : roller can reduce the risk
• Passive recovery massage of musculoskeletal
group • Time : 20 min injuries
omparison of a • Subjects 30 Active joint motion Group without Foam rollers with
foam rolling session healthy adults group joint motion dynamic stretch
with active joint • Age 25 years • Frequency: between • Frequency : - have a positive
motion and without • Active joint 10pm to 2pm per • Intensity :- effect on flexibility
joint motion : motion group : 15 session with 2 • Type : roller without affecting
A randomized participants minutes m a s s a g e muscle strength.
controlled trial • Group without • Intensity :- without joint Combining active
joint motion : 15 • Type : commercial motion joint motion with
internet based
participants • Time : 2 foam rolling
instruction video
minutes can enhance the
• Time : 2 minutes
intervening effect.
The Efficacy of • S u b j e c t s 1. DS Group The control Dynamic stretching
Dynamic Contract- 48 healthy • Frequency : 5 days group was asked and static stretching
Relax Stretching participants (2 times per day) to rest and avoid cannot prevent
on Delayed-Onset • D y n a m i c • Intensity: 10 any treatment or ROM decrease and
Muscle Soreness stretching group : repetitions with a exercise do not reduce pain
Among Healthy 16 participants rest of 10 seconds in
Idividuals: A • Static stretching each set
Randomized group : 16 • Time :30 seconds
• Type: dynamic
Clinical Trial participants
stretching
• Control group : • Static stretching
16 participants group
• Frequency : 5 days
(2 times per day)
• Intensity: 10
repetitions with a
rest 10 seconds
• Time : 30 seconds
• Type: static
stretching




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Title Subject Intervention Comparison Outcome
The Effect of • Subjects 36 1. Foam rolling group The control Rom did not change
one Session Of participants in • Frequency : 60 beats group was before and after the
Roller Massage good health per minute allowed to rest intervention.
on Recovery From • 18-25 years old • Intensity : - for 5 minutes One session of
Exercise- Induced • Foam rolling • Type: rolling roller massage is
Muscle Damage: group massage not effective for
A Randomized • Sham . group • Time : 5 minutes repairing damage
controlled Trial • Control group • Sham . group caused by doms.
• Frequency : 60 beats
per minute
• Intensity : -
• Time : 5 minutes
• Type : -
Comparison of the • Subject 51 people 1. 1 Manual massage rLWD . group Manual massage,
effectiveness of • Manual massage group • Frequency : Rlwd and sLWD
manual massage, group : 19 people • Frequency : - 750 kHz did not cause
l o n g - w a v e • rLWD group : 17 • Intensity : - • Intensity : - significant changes
diathermy, and people • Type : Efflurage • T y p e : seen from the
sham long –wave • Sham LWD • Time : 10 minutes Long Wave DOMS NPRS score
diathermy for group : 19 people Diathermy
the management • Age 23-60 years (red coral,
of delayed-onset old tecnosix,
muscle soreness: • Male athlete sixtus, italy)
a randomized population • Time : 10
controlled trial minutes
The effect if warm- • Subjects 36 1. Warm-up group Control group Can prevent muscle
up and cool-down healthy people • Frequency : 3 days • Frequency : 3 pain due to doms
exercise on delayed (21 women and (difference < 2 hours days but can’t prevent
onset muscle 15 men) per day) • I n t e n s i t y : loss of muscle
soreness in the • Age 20-30 years • Intensity : 5 sets medium strength
quadriceps muscle • Warm-up group: with 10 reps and • T y p e :
: A Randomized women(n:7),men rest 30 seconds, load resistance
Controlled Trial (n:5) 40%-50% HRmax training
• Cooling group: • Type : Aerobic • Time : 20
women (n:7), exercise minutes
men (n:5) • Time : 10-20
• Control group: minutes
women (n:7),
men (n:5)
DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness) Some articles say that massage with a
is a condition that occurs as a result of rolling massage technique is effective for
unusual or excessive strenuous exercise. To reducing DOMS symptoms. In the first
reduce DOMS symptoms, physiotherapy has article conducted by Pearcey et al., 2015, in
several modalities, one of which is massage this study the researcher gave an intervention
and active stretching. by doing massage with a rolling massage




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technique for 20 minutes with a rhythm of 50 manual massage with efflurage, long wave
beats per minute. diathermy and sham long wave diathermy
In the second article conducted by techniques. efflurage is carried out for 10
Scudamore et al, 2021, the intervention was in minutes and long wave diathermy for 10
the form of a rolling massage for 45 seconds minutes with a capacity of 750 kHz
with a rest of 15 seconds and 2 repetitions. The last article discusses the research
The third study conducted by Cheatham & conducted by Olsen O, et al, 2012, this study
Stull, 2018, in this study compared the foam used a warm-up and cool-down exercise
rolling intervention combined with active intervention. warm up with moderate-
joint motion and foam rolling without joint intensity aerobic exercise for 20 minutes
motion. Participants were given foam rolling and then do 5 sets of lunge exercises with
intervention combined with active joint 10 repetitions with a rest for 30 seconds in
motion for 2 minutes and without active joint each set, the load is set at 40% and 50% of
motion for 2 minutes. the subject’s body mass after which they cool
The fourth article examined by Xie Y et down for 20 seconds with aerobic exercise.
al, 2017, in this study used dynamic stretching Rolling massage has been shown to
and static stretching interventions with a
increase blood lactate removal and tissue
control group as a comparison. stretching
healing. Foam rollers have systemic
is done for 30 seconds with 10 seconds rest
biochemical effects, massage-associated
and 10 repetitions and the program is done 2
biochemical changes are increased circulating
times a day.
neutrophil levels, smaller increase in post-
The fifth study conducted by Medeiros et exercise plasma keratin kinase, activated
al, 2020, in this study researchers looked at mechanosensory sensors that signal COX7B
the short- and medium-term effects of roller
and ND1 transcription, suggesting that
massage. The intervention was carried out for
new mitochondria are being formed and
5 minutes with a frequency of 60 beats per
may accelerate muscle healing and less
minute.
active heat-shock proteins and immune
The sixth article discusses research cytokines reflecting less cellular stress and
conducted by Visconti et al, 2020, in this inflammation.
study comparing interventions in the form of




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These biochemical changes are caused Suggestions for professional organizations

by massage which puts constant pressure that massage intervention can be used as
on the muscles. Foam roller substantially one of the recommended interventions as
reduces negative effects due to DOMS. While an alternative or primary therapy for the
the physical exercise of dynamic stretching rehabilitation program of patients with doms
and static stretching did not have the effect symptoms in order to reduce the negative
of lengthening the intramuscular connective impact of doms. Thus, these findings can be
tissue. an insight for the physiotherapy professional
organization.
The application of a combination of
exercises may be an intervention aimed at
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GASTER JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

Journal of Health Science

Anjar Nurrohmah, Anis Aprianti, Sri Hartutik

Bangkit Ary Pratama, Sri Saptuti Wahyuningsih

VOLUME 20 No. 1 - FEBRUARY 2022

Dewie Meidyani, Armenia Diah Sari, Atik Badi’ah

Ida Nur Imamah, Norman Wijaya Gati

Idham Choliq, Mundakir, Dede Nasrullah, Sukadiono,

Lely Firrahmawati, Endang Sri Wahyuni, Ika Silvitasari

Maryatun, Indarwati, Widaryati

Muhammad Sowwam, Sudaryanto, Muhammad Erfa’I

Nurul Khotimah, Salva Shofiana, Mei Renawati,

Wijianto, Ega Fahla Agustianti

GASTER VOL. 20 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2022

The Effect of Active and Passive Recovery Exercise in Reduring DOMS

Wijianto1*, Ega Fahla Agustianti1

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION a defined goal (Jay K et al., 2014). DOMS

Volume 20 Number 1, February 2022 ISSN 1858-3385, E-ISSN 2549-7006 111

Anjar Nurrohmah, Anis Aprianti, Sri Hartutik

Bangkit Ary Pratama, Sri Saptuti Wahyuningsih

VOLUME 20 No. 1 - FEBRUARY 2022

Dewie Meidyani, Armenia Diah Sari, Atik Badi’ah

Ida Nur Imamah, Norman Wijaya Gati

Idham Choliq, Mundakir, Dede Nasrullah, Sukadiono,

Lely Firrahmawati, Endang Sri Wahyuni, Ika Silvitasari

Maryatun, Indarwati, Widaryati

Muhammad Sowwam, Sudaryanto, Muhammad Erfa’I

Nurul Khotimah, Salva Shofiana, Mei Renawati,

Wijianto, Ega Fahla Agustianti

GASTER VOL. 20 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2022

112 Volume 20 Number 1, February 2022 ISSN 1858-3385, E-ISSN 2549-7006

Anjar Nurrohmah, Anis Aprianti, Sri Hartutik

Bangkit Ary Pratama, Sri Saptuti Wahyuningsih

VOLUME 20 No. 1 - FEBRUARY 2022

Dewie Meidyani, Armenia Diah Sari, Atik Badi’ah

Ida Nur Imamah, Norman Wijaya Gati

Idham Choliq, Mundakir, Dede Nasrullah, Sukadiono,

Lely Firrahmawati, Endang Sri Wahyuni, Ika Silvitasari

Maryatun, Indarwati, Widaryati

Muhammad Sowwam, Sudaryanto, Muhammad Erfa’I

Nurul Khotimah, Salva Shofiana, Mei Renawati,

Wijianto, Ega Fahla Agustianti

GASTER VOL. 20 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2022

The formulation of the problem in this RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Volume 20 Number 1, February 2022 ISSN 1858-3385, E-ISSN 2549-7006 113

Anjar Nurrohmah, Anis Aprianti, Sri Hartutik

Bangkit Ary Pratama, Sri Saptuti Wahyuningsih

VOLUME 20 No. 1 - FEBRUARY 2022

Dewie Meidyani, Armenia Diah Sari, Atik Badi’ah

Ida Nur Imamah, Norman Wijaya Gati

Idham Choliq, Mundakir, Dede Nasrullah, Sukadiono,

Lely Firrahmawati, Endang Sri Wahyuni, Ika Silvitasari

Maryatun, Indarwati, Widaryati

Muhammad Sowwam, Sudaryanto, Muhammad Erfa’I

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114 Volume 20 Number 1, February 2022 ISSN 1858-3385, E-ISSN 2549-7006

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