QUESTIONS

Introduction to Robots and

• What is a Robot?
PowerOn Stem 1.0 • What are examples of a robot?

 Terminologies/History and Development • What robots can and can’t do?

 Robot’s Types and Their Uses
 Robot’s Advantages and Disadvantages
 Robot Systems

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TERMINOLOGIES/HISTORY AND TERMINOLOGIES/HISTORY AND

DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
 Origin of the word
 Robot
“Robot”
o An automatic device that is;
o 1920: Karel Čapek’s
 Reprogrammable
novel, Rossum’s
 Multifunctional
Universal Robots,
 Mimic the actions of a human being on
word “robota”
command or by being programmed.
(worker)

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 TERMINOLOGIES/HISTORY AND TERMINOLOGIES/HISTORY
DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
 First Use of the Word “Robotics”
o word “robotics” (the study of the design,
construction and use of robots),
o I, Robot, Isaac Asimov, “three rules for robots”

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TERMINOLOGIES/HISTORY AND TERMINOLOGIES/HISTORY AND

DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

 Laws of Robotics  Unimate: The First Commercial Robot

o Law Zero o 1954, George C. Devol and Joseph F. Engelberger,
o Law 1 (Human safety) “Unimate”.
o Law 2 (Robots are slaves) o “Unimation” (stands for “UNIversal
o Law 3 (Robot survival) autoMATION”), Engelberger has been called as the
“father of robotics”.

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 TERMINOLOGIES/HISTORY AND TERMINOLOGIES/HISTORY AND
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

 Modern Industrial
Robot
o Artificial Intelligence,
John McCarthy

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TERMINOLOGIES/HISTORY AND
TYPES OF ROBOT
DEVELOPMENT
 By Application
 1968, o Industrial
o Autonomous
Shakey (SRI) –
o Medical
intelligent robot o Domestic
o Service
o Entertainment
o Space
o Hobby and
Competition
(Image courtesy of The Computer History Museum,
www.computerhistory.org)

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 TYPES OF ROBOT TYPES OF ROBOT
 Autonomous Robot  Domestic/Entertainment Robot

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TYPES OF ROBOT TYPES OF ROBOT

 Hobby and Competition Robot  Industrial Robots (a. k. a. Manipulators)

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 TYPES OF ROBOT TYPES OF ROBOT
 Medical Robots  Service Robot

Robotic assistant for

micro surgery

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TYPES OF ROBOT TYPES OF ROBOT

 Space Robots

 By Locomotion and Kinematics

o Stationary
o Mobile

NASA Space Station

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 TYPES OF ROBOT TYPES OF ROBOT
 Stationary  Cartesian/Rectangular/Gantry Robot

o Cartesian/rectangular/gantry (3P): 3 cylinders

joint
o Cylindrical (R2P): 2 Prismatic joint and 1 revolute
joint
o Spherical (2RP): 1 Prismatic joint and 2 revolute
joint

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TYPES OF ROBOT TYPES OF ROBOT

 Cylindrical Robot  Spherical Robot

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 TYPES OF ROBOT TYPES OF ROBOT
 SCARA Robot
o Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm
(SCARA): 2 paralleled revolute joint and 1
additional prismatic joint
o Articulated/anthropomorphic (3R): All
revolute(Human arm)
o Parallel robot: 3 or 4 revolute joints

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TYPES OF ROBOT TYPES OF ROBOT

 Parallel Robot  Mobile Robots

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 TYPES OF ROBOT TYPES OF ROBOT

 Mobile Robots  Mobile Robots

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ROBOT USES ROBOT USES

A Staubli robot loading and unloading Staubli robot placing dishwasher tubs
Staubli RX FRAMS robot in a BMW A Fanuc LR Mate 200i robot removal operation

An AM120 Fanuc robot A P200 Fanuc painting automobile bodies

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 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
OF ROBOTS OF ROBOTS
• Advantages • Disadvantages

o Increase productivity o Replacement of human labor/Greater

o Increase safety unemployment
o Increase efficiency o Robots lack capability to respond in emergencies,
unless the situation is predicted and the response
o Increase quality and consistency of product
is included in the system.

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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

OF ROBOTS OF ROBOTS(cont)
o Robots have limited capabilities in: o Robots are costly due to:

 Degree of freedom  Initial cost of equipment

 Dexterity/Vision systems  Installation cost
 Sensors  Need of peripherals
 Real time response  Need for training
 Need for programming

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 ROBOT SYSTEMS ROBOT SYSTEMS
 Parts of a manipulator
 Parts of a Robot

o A robot has six main parts:

 Manipulator (Arm)
• Body – and – arm (shoulder and elbow)
• Wrist assembly
 Controller
• Open – loop controllers
• Closed – loop controllers

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Pictures of Different Actuator Drives
ROBOT SYSTEMS

 Drives and Actuators

• Synchronous motor
• Stepper motor Pneumatic Cylinder
• AC servo motor Hydraulic Motor Stepper Motor
• Brushless DC servo motor
• Brushed DC servo motor
»Electric
»Hydraulic
»Pneumatic
Pneumatic Motor DC Motor
Servo Motor

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 Grippers and Tools
ROBOT SYSTEMS
 End Effector
• Grippers
• Tools
 Sensor
• Passive
• Active
 Power Supply
• Electric
• Hydraulic
• Pneumatic

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Thank you!
ROBOT SYSTEMS

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