Sabitov Zhanbolat
MDE 151, 10-N
Task #1
Level Political event
Local: In 2022, the construction of a new VIP
Almaty city terminal at the airport began in Almaty.
Unfortunately, the process has caused
the destruction of important
architectural heritage. The former
airport was demolished to make way
for the new construction, and for
several months, the government
remained silent on the matter. Only
after the destruction had already
occurred did they begin to investigate
whether they had the legal right to
destroy this historical building.
State: Residents of Shamalgan gathered in
Almaty region front of the local government office
(akimat) to protest the recent increase
in gas prices.
National: President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
Kazakhstan signed a decree "On the establishment
of the National Council for Science and
Technology under the President of the
Republic of Kazakhstan"
Regional: Putin phoned Turkmen leader
Asia Berdimuhamedov and discussed energy
issues
Your own opinion/conclusion
I believe that those responsible for this
destruction should be held accountable and
punished for their actions. However, it seems
unlikely that this will happen, given the
government's initial silence on the matter.
This lack of response suggests that they may
have been aware of and approved the project.
The people of the community were
understandably outraged and made efforts to
prevent this destruction of heritage, but they
were ultimately powerless against those in
power and with financial influence.
The issue of rising gas prices has become
particularly pressing in recent times. Last
year, this issue sparked the largest rally in the
history of Kazakhstan, known as the "January
Events". It is crucial that this problem is
addressed and resolved on a national level to
prevent the possibility of further escalating
tension and potentially dire consequences.
I am encouraged by the progress and
development of science in Kazakhstan. I
believe that the advancement of science
should be a priority, as it is the foundation for
progress in politics and economics. Without a
strong foundation in science, a society is at
risk of being plagued by corruption and
mismanagement. For instance, while
nomadic tribes were still present in
Kazakhstan, European countries were already
making significant strides in scientific
research. We can see the difference in the
level of development between European
countries and Kazakhstan today. It is crucial
that we invest in the education and scientific
development of our citizens, to foster a
society that is guided by a rational and
evidence-based perspective.
I hold no ill-will towards the people of
Turkmenistan and Russia, but I strongly
disagree with the actions and policies of their
respective leaders. It is clear to me that these
leaders prioritize their own personal wealth
and power over the well-being of their
citizens, using the pretext of acting in the
best interests of their countries. Their actions
betray a lack of genuine concern for the
needs and welfare of their people. I cannot
understand or condone such behavior.
International The US accuses China of helping
Russia during the special operation
It is reported that the United States has
accused China of providing assistance to
Russia during a special military operation.
However, without additional context, it is
difficult to provide a more detailed or
accurate statement.

Task #2
Level Issues Examples, understanding and proof
International Geo-politic Geopolitics is the study of how geography, economics,
demography, and culture shape international relations and
the actions of countries. It plays a significant role in shaping
a country's foreign policy, economic stability, and national
security. For instance:
 For a small island nation, understanding the geopolitical
dynamics of the surrounding waters and having strong
maritime defense capabilities is crucial for maintaining
their independence and protecting their economic
interests.
 For a landlocked country, access to trade routes and
control of natural resources are crucial for economic
development and stability.
 For a country with a vast coastline, control of strategic
ports and naval capabilities is important for protecting
their trade routes and maintaining a strong military
presence in the region.
 For a country with a large population, control of food and
water resources is crucial to maintain stability and avoid
potential conflicts.
Internationalization Internationalization refers to a country's engagement with
the global economy and participation in international trade,
investment, and cultural exchange. It plays a significant role
in shaping a country's economic growth, cultural diversity,
and global influence.
For example:
 For a country with a small domestic market,
internationalization is crucial for accessing new markets
and customers, and increasing sales and revenue.
 For a country with abundant natural resources,
internationalization is important for securing investment
and technology from foreign companies to develop and
extract these resources.
 For a country with a well-developed manufacturing
industry, internationalization is crucial for accessing new
suppliers, customers, and markets for its products.
 For a country with a diverse population,
internationalization is important for promoting cultural
exchange and fostering mutual understanding, respect and
cooperation among nations.
Global warming The gradual rise in the Earth's average temperature caused
by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and
deforestation, known as global warming, has severe
consequences for the environment, economy, and society of
every nation. For example, countries with low-lying coastal
areas face a significant risk to their infrastructure and
 communities due to rising sea levels and coastal flooding.
Countries relying on agriculture as their main source of
income are at risk of decreased crop productivity and food
insecurity due to changes in temperature, precipitation, and
weather patterns. Countries with abundant snow-capped
mountains may experience disruptions to their water supply
due to melting glaciers, affecting drinking, irrigation, and
hydropower. Lastly, countries with large populations may
experience increased air pollution, heat-waves and the
spread of disease which can cause serious health impacts.
Nuclear weapon Nuclear weapons, which are capable of causing mass
destruction through harnessing energy from nuclear
reactions, are a contentious and delicate topic. They can
have a significant impact on global security and stability.
For instance, a country with a small military force may find
that having nuclear weapons acts as a deterrent against
larger and more powerful nations, as the threat of nuclear
retaliation can serve as a defense against aggression.
Meanwhile, a nation with a history of conflict with
neighboring countries may find that nuclear weapons
provide a sense of security and stability. Additionally, a
country that is not a superpower may find that having
nuclear weapons grants them prestige and international
influence. However, owning nuclear weapons also has its
downsides, such as the potential for mass casualties, long-
term environmental damage, and the risk of nuclear war.
The possession and proliferation of nuclear weapons can
also lead to global insecurity and instability. In conclusion,
the possession of nuclear weapons is a complex issue that
can have both pros and cons for a country, and it's
important for countries to understand the implications and
risks of nuclear weapons before making a decision about
their nuclear policy.