U.K.

LITERATURE
● SHAKESPEARE -> Shelley doesn’t bring the gender roles or clash to
-> PLAYS: the book.
- tragedy -> she doesn’t make critics to sexism and misogyny
- comedy -> the story is a GOTHIC NOVEL + SCIENCE
- historical FICTION + EPISTOLARY NOVEL (use of document/
-> SONNETS: letters to tell the story)
- IAMBIC pentameter (14 lines) (baBOOM) ● WORDSWORTH
- ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
- talks about love immortality, about the woman,
about feelings and emotions
-> SONNET 116
- The
language of
Sonnet 116
is not
remarkable
for its
imagery or
metaphoric
range. In
fact, its
imagery, -> the world is too much with us; late and soon,
particularly getting and spending, we lay waste our powers
in the third quatrain (time wielding a sickle that -> wordsworth criticizes the INDUSTRIAL
ravages beauty’s rosy lips and cheeks), is rather REVOLUTION, capitalism, the life in the city
standard within the sonnets, and its major -> HE IS A ROMANTIC POET
metaphor (love as a guiding star) is hardly startling -> PAGAN: had contact with nature
in its originality. ● JANE AUSTEN
● ROMANTICISM -> MAIN THEME: society and class roles: she writes
-> is opposite to neoclassicism (RESTORATION) about love to REPRESENT AND COMPARE SOCIAL
-> approaches themes such as nature, love, CLASSES AND WOMEN’S ROLES IN SOCIETY
imagination, source of inspiration, sublime and -> marriage was the ONLY WAY WOMEN WOULD
transcendental love IMPROVE (socially and financially)
-> the settings are the countryside and nature -> talks about social structure, including lower and
-> neoclassicism talks about city MIDDLE CLASSES: does not talk about NOBILITY
● MARY SHELLEY -> show lower class as content servants
->frankenstein's creature is a metaphor, it -> conventions and the concerns for the
represents the ugliness of society appearances hinders romance
-> victor Frankestein is the real monster; he is the -> women focus on their FINANCIAL STATUS and
one to blame for all the trouble STABILITY when considering marriage, not LOVE
- he has a big ego, and sees himself as a god -> the lack of women’s rights is not something
because he developed a new creature (life); OPENLY discussed, but it is cited
- victor admits and blames his ego and his god like ● VICTORIAN ERA
complex -> just like ROMANTICISM, the victorian era has a
- he doesn’t want to create a bride for the creature reaction to rapid changes in society. A response to
because of his morals and he thinks it will be industrialization and science transforming the
selfish of him to do it so he can save himself economy and society
- his morals says to not develop a new “monster” -> in an Era of British expansion - lots of colonies.
in the world Focusing on criticizing capitalism, social
 U.K. LITERATURE
standards, social hypocrisy; and the colonies were
not seen as a problem AT THAT TIME
-> BRONTE SISTERS: worked together to publish
different pieces. got characteristics -> JANE EYRE
-> reaction to changes
-> sin and redemption is a theme in the Victorian
Era
● ELIZABETH BARRET BROWNING
-> this sonnet written by Browning is organized in a
stanza that uses personification (“my soul can
reach”) and ANAPHORA (I love Thee). It talks about
love and ADMIRATION
● CHARLOTTE BRONTE
-> wrote JANE EYRE - approaches topics such as
love, class, work, sexuality
-> jane sees herself as an equal to Mr. Rochester
when she receives her inheritance
-> worked because belonged to lower class
-> discussed about social classes and equality
● OSCAR WILDE
-> part of the movement: aesthetic (visual ideal of
the movement) - ART FOR ART’S SAKE
-> in “the importance of being earnest” - talks about
sin and redemption - common topic in the
Victorian era
-> in “the picture of dorian Gray”
- talks about the cast of beauty and the values of
youth
- portrays how society criticise people when they
get older
- calls society hypocrite - they criticise in others
own sins
- the guy whose painting DORIAN is in love with him
-> he was homossexual - and was arrested
● CHARLES DICKENS
-> criticized the Industrial revolution and the
problems that came with it
-> GREAT EXPECTATIONS:
- people wanted to read it because of its social
critiques, and because of the interconnection of the
characters
- it can be considered a “SOAP OPERA” of the time
-> the main characters show the clash between
their class and education (Pip and Joe)
-> DAVID COPPERFIELD
- can be considered an autobiography
-> BILLY ELLIOT: major critique - they work in a
mine and are working in terrible conditions ->
worker movement
-> CHRISTMAS CAROL: is a critique to the capitalist
oppressor, the story shows the other side of a life
for the wealthy man
● MODERNISM - RUPERT BROOKE vs.
WILFRED OWEN
-> before the WW1 - the suffering of the war and the
glory of the war
-> OWEN: Dulce et Decorum Est - this poem
criticizes the war by showing its horrors of the
battlefield, he uses imagery
-> BROOKE: The soldier - talks about the glory of
war
● MODERNISM
-> focuses in ordinary people
-> leaves behind the Victorian Era - because WW1
begins
-> because of the war, the perspectives change
during the movement. the battle of Waterloo was a
significant bloody war
-> the isolation of people is a big critique at the
time
-> shift rhyme to free-blank
● YEATS
-> won the Nobel prize of Literature in 1923
-> one of the most important writers of Irish
literature to modernism
-> the poem “Irish Airman foresees his death” is a
critical inclusion of the idea of fighting for another
country - the lack of glory
● VIRGINIA WOOLF
-> virginia and other authors used STREAM of
CONSCIOUSNESS - disorganized thoughts
through the story
● GEORGE ORWELL
 U.K. LITERATURE
-> animal farm - dystopia (distortion of our
reality) - as a response to society
-> critique to Soviet Union, it's the corruption of
their principles
-> Napoleon and Snowball advocate for the
ANIMALISM - SOCIALIST philosophy
-> ends being exactly what they criticized before
● NARNIA
-> LEWIS - tell the story of the Bible in a more
attractive way
-> ASLAN = symbolizes JESUS
-> the white witch - “friend” of Satan
-> Seasons - represent death (WINTER) /
represents good and life (SUMMER)
-> Edmund commits the sin of GLUTTONY - act of
change of favors
● LORD OF THE RINGS
-> tolkien creates a new world
-> uses old languages and creates new ones -
elves, orcs,etc
-> creates hobbits
-> uses many figures of speech in the story
-> tries to relive the Anglo-saxon culture - a
BRITISH FOLKLORE