UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST

COLLEGE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

ASP401 AFRICAN STUDIES (UNIT 4-6)
1. Music based on African melodic rhythmic structures and which makes use of western harmony and
employs both African and western musical instruments is referred to as
A. guitar band music.
B. contemporary music.
C. indigenous music.
D. highlife music.

2. What is unique about incidental music? It is

A. ritualistic.
B. ceremonial.
C. non-ritual.
D. associated with enstoolment of chiefs.

3. What kind of music genre falls under recreational music?

A. Ritual music
B. Ceremonial music
C. Non-ritually bound music
D. Asafo music

4. What is the name of the costume used in the performance of Adowa dance?
A. Baasakye
B. Adinkra
C. Kente
D. Dansinkran

5. What exactly is the interpretation of the meaning of Agbadza?

A. War dance
B. Broad-based dance
C. Dance for the youth
D. Women dance

6. Under what condition does Bewaa assume a political dimension? When it is performed
A. during the enskinment of a chief.
B. during the burial of a chief.
C. during the prosecution of a war.
D. to signal the death of a chief.

7. What is the weakness in Edward Sapir’s definition of language?

A. It excludes animal language
B. The definition is too broad
C. The definition is too narrow
D. It is not afrocentric
8. What is a common feature of all languages?

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 1

A. All languages are universal
B. New utterances are accommodated
C. Language is not dynamic
D. Languages are acquired automatically at birth

9. Which of the following conclusions can you draw from your reading of the unit on languages and
ethnicity in Africa?
A. Africans are ethnocentric
B. Africans are tribalistic
C. Africans have multiple identities
D. African identities are not fluid

10. The East-West conflict which lasted from 1945 to 1989 is called
A. Proxy War.
B. Cold War.
C. Pro-Capitalist Conflict.
D. Sino-Soviet Conflict.

11. Kpanlogo is said to have been introduced into Ghana from which country?
A. Nigeria
B. Fernando Po
C. Jamaica
D. Haiti

12. What is the purpose of music performed during worship by African societies?
A. To appease the gods
B. It is to address pertinent physical and spiritual problems
C. To venerate the gods
D. To serve as a linkage between the worshipers and the gods

13. What kind of economy did most African nationalists adopt in the first decade of independence?
A. Command economy
B. Capitalist economy
C. Free market economy
D. Neo-liberal economy

14. What explains the proliferation of arms on the African continent in the 1960s to the 1970s?
A. The low price of arms
B. The upsurge in ethnic conflicts in Africa
C. Proxy war
D. Coups and counter coups

15. Which Western music brought a plurality of synthetic and entirely foreign brand of music to Africa in
the 1980s?
A. Church music
B. Gospel music

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 2

C. Liturgical music
D. Highlife music

16. Why did Kabila’s forces attack Hutus and remnants of Mobutu’s army in October 1996?
A. Hutus refugees on the Congo border with Rwanda posed a threat to the Tutsi-led government in
Rwanda
B. Hutus dominated the politics of Rwanda for too long
C. Tutsis felt alienated from government
D. The Hutu majority could not withstand the continued Tutsi dominance

17. What was the point of divergence between the Russia and the US in the build-up to the cold war?
A. They both developed nuclear weapons
B. Both developed industrially
C. They had large land mass
D. The development of different ideologies

18. According to Karl Marx, which group will lead a revolution against capitalism?
A. Proletarist
B. Socialist
C. Vanguard
D. Communists

19. Which of the following explains why most African countries adopted socialism at independence?
A. Capitalism was too expensive
B. Russia supported most anti-colonial movements in Africa to gain independence
C. Socialism had for a long time been practiced in Africa
D. Socialism allowed for individual freedom

20. What was responsible for the increase in coups in Africa from the 1970s?
A. Ethnicity
B. Influx of dangerous weapons
C. Superpower intrusion
D. Increase in military expenditure

21. Which of the following falls under guitar band music?

A. Soukous
B. Adowa
C. Isukuti
D. Bata

22. Which of the following musicians is referred to as the father of African Art Music?
A. Dr. M. Q. Amlor
B. Professor Netia
C. Mr. Augustus Adu-Safo
D. Dr. E. Amu

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 3

23. Which ethnic group performs Yewe music?
A. Akan
B. Fante
C. Ewe
D. Yoruba

24. Who is the pioneer of highlife music in Ghana?

A. E. Amu
B. K. Nketia
C. E. K. Nyame
D. Akwesi Ampofo Agyei

25. In which African region is harps mostly found?

A. West Africa
B. East Africa
C. Southern Africa
D. North Africa

26. How many major language groups do we have in Africa?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

27. Which of the following languages belong to the Afro-Asiatic group?

A. Hausa
B. Khosian
C. Bantu
D. Akan

28. Who was the prime minister of Togo in 1991?

A. Gilchrist Olympio
B. Eyadema
C. Sylvanus Olympio
D. Koffigoh

29. In which year did genocide occur in Rwanda?

A. 1994
B. 1993
C. 1995
D. 1996

30. Who was elected the president of Kenya in 2007?

A. Arap Moi
B. Mwai Kibaki
C. Raila Odinga

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 4

D. Kenyatta

31. Kikuyu is an ethnic group in which country?

A. Kenya
B. Angola
C. South Africa
D. Dr. Congo

32. The tension, antagonism and fierce competition between the USA and Russia from 1945 to 1989 is
referred to as
A. cold war.
B. proxy war.
C. armament.
D. communism.

33. Wars which the USA and Russia fought through surrogates are known specifically as
A. cold war.
B. proxy wars.
C. armament.
D. capitalism.

34. A classic example of a proxy war in Africa occurred in which country?

A. Rwanda
B. Sudan
C. Angola
D. Togo

35. What is the basis for saying that no capitalist country, such as the UK, operates an absolute capitalist
system? The UK
A. runs a NHIS.
B. has nationalized its railway system.
C. has command economy.
D. is not a welfare state.

36. Which year is referred to as Africa’s year of independence?

A. 1960
B. 1970
C. 1975
D. 1980

37. The policy of racial segregation in South Africa was known as

A. racism.
B. bantu.
C. apartheid.
D. xenophobia.

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 5

38. Which of the following was the effect of the cold war on Africa?
A. The collapse of apartheid
B. The genocide of Rwanda
C. The civil war in the Central Africa Republic
D. The death of nelson Mandela

39. The structure of Agbadza dance is in how many movements?

A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

40. Why is the east west conflict referred to as cold war?

A. It was cold
B. It involved two superpowers
C. The two superpowers did not fight directly
D. It involved proxy wars

41. Which of the following is a feature of capitalism?

A. Command economy
B. Individualism
C. Collectivism
D. Centrally planned economy

42. Which party formed the apartheid regime in South Africa?

A. African National Congress
B. National Party
C. South West African People’s Organization
D. Pan-African Congress

43. Which of the following was a socialist movement in Angola?

A. MPLA
B. UNITA
C. NFLA
D. FRELIMO

44. African traditional music that is not ritually and ceremonially bound is known as
A. work music.
B. recreational music.
C. asafo music.
D. incidental music.

45. What is the full meaning of SADC?

A. Southern African Democratic Commission
B. Southern African Development Commission
C. Southern African Development Community

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 6

D. Sudan African Development Commission

46. An African music type that is based on African melodic and rhythmic structures and makes use of
western harmony and blends both African and western musical elements is known as
A. guitar band music.
B. highlife music.
C. church music
D. contemporary African music

47. How does music strengthen social bond?

A. The words of the song promotes social bond
B. Music is performed on individual basis
C. Music performance encourages involvement in collective behaviour
D. Music performance often holds audience spellbound

48. Command economy is an element of

A. socialism
B. democracy
C. capitalism
D. communism

9. From your reading of language and ethnicity in Africa, which of the following do you consider to be
true?
A. There is multiple ethnicities in Africa
B. Identity is dynamic
C. Ancestral identity is multi-faceted
D. Africans have multiple identities

50. Why did Kabila’s forces in the Democratic Republic of Congo attack the Hutus on that country’s border
in October 1996?
A. Hutus on the border posed threat to Tutsi-led government in Rwanda
B. The Congo army wanted to expel the foreigners
C. Hutus are socialists who supported Russia against the USA
D. Hutus were the dominant ethnic group in that region

51. Which of the following is true in the African context?

A. As political institutions change, the dimension of ethnicity changes too
B. When political institutions change, the dynamics of the family remains static
C. When political institutions change, the dynamics of ethnicity remains static
D. Africans exhibit mono-identities

52. What was the main course of the conflicts in Liberia, Kenya, and Rwanda in the early 1990s?
A. Ethnic diversity
B. Nepotism in governance
C. Underdevelopment
D. Ideological difference

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 7

53. Why did Angolan civil war last so long?
A. The role of UNITA
B. The involvement of the MPLA led by Dos Santos
C. South Africa’s involvement
D. The involvement of US and Russia

54. What led to the collapse of apartheid in South Africa in 1990?

A. The release of nelson Mandela from prison
B. The end of the cold war
C. The independence of Namibia
D. The victory of the ANC in the first multi-racial general elections

55. Which of the following is a music type performed at the shrine of a god/deities?
A. Yewe
B. Kpanlogo
C. Agbadza
D. Ampe

56. What is the Akan equivalence of the harp?

A. Seprewa
B. Kora
C. Wombi
D. Munabi

57. What important cultural role do string instruments perform in African societies?
A. They promote marriage
B. They are used to mobilize people
C. They accompany poetry recitals
D. They are restricted to the courts of chiefs

58. Why was the Angolan civil war referred to as a proxy war?
A. Both superpowers were indirectly involved in the conflict
B. There were two main factions in the conflict
C. It was the conflict which led to the independence e of Angola
D. It involved the use of conventional weapons

59. What causes language to break into dialects?

A. Vastness of the area the language covers
B. The founding of new settlements
C. Social change
D. Colonialism

60. Why is it claimed that language is the basis of ethnicity?

A. Groups are defined solely by language
B. Ethnicity is defined based on linguistic differences

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 8

C. Language is important to any ethnic group
D. Ethnic groups have multiple identities.

61. Who is credited with the introduction of Kpanlogo from Fernando Po in 1962?
A. Tetteh Quarshie
B. Lincoln Otu
C. Nii Kwabena Bonney
D. John Otu

62. Which of the following ethnic groups is not associated with Bewaa dance?
A. Dagomba
B. Guans
C. Mamprusi
D. Wala

63. Which of the following is a significance of Bewaa dance?

A. To express joy of a new year
B. To express joy of a new born baby
C. To express joy of the harvest of farm produce
D. To welcome political dignitaries

64. In which of the following dance is xylophone included in its ensemble?

A. Kpanlogo
B. Adowa
C. Agbadza
D. Bewaa

65. Which of the following musical types is associated with Yoruba of south western Nigeria?
A. Highlife Music
B. Juju Music
C. Bewaa
D. Gospel music

66. The study of music is a product of human culture is

A. musicology.
B. ethno musicology.
C. dendrology.
D. ethno botany.

67. Musical types composed and created by Africans as their cultural legacy is
A. contemporary African music
B. contemporary traditional music
C. traditional African music
D. indigenous music

68. Traditional African music has withstand the onslaught of forces of western civilization because

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 9

A. compositions are closely linked with indigenous African social and political institutions.
B. performance is communal basis.
C. it is accompanied with locally constructed instruments.
D. it is performed to mark certain events.

69. Which of the following is not an African instrument?

A. Bells
B. Xylophones
C. Guitar
D. Rattles

70. Who among the following is believed to be a pioneer performer of Juju music?
A. Sunny Ade
B. Prof J.H. Nketia
C. Edward Ekwueme
D. Fela Sowade

71. Who is praised as the father of African Art Music?

A. Sunny Ade
B. Prof J.H. Nketia
C. Dr. M.Q. Amlor
D. Dr. Ephraim Amu

72. Who is believed to be the pioneer exponent of Yoruba church music?

A. Fela Sowade
B. Sunny Ade
C. Laz Edward Ekwume
D. I.K. Dairo

73. Which of the following is not a characteristic of traditional African music?

A. There is clear separation between performers and audience
B. Call and response technique is employed
C. Songs are not notated
D. Original composers may not be known

74. Which of the following is not a category of indigenous African musical type?
A. Incidental
B. Recreational
C. Traditional
D. Occasional

75. On which of the following situations will occasional music be performed?

A. Marriage rite
B. Enstoolment of a king
C. Fishing
D. Farming

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 10

76. African musical types associated with activities that are non-ritual or non-ceremonial are
A. occasional music.
B. recreational music.
C. incidental music.
D. live cycle music.

77. Which of the following is not an incidental music?

A. Work songs
B. Religious songs
C. Cradle songs
D. Music performed during story telling

78. Which of the following is not a benefit of performing music during story telling sessions?
A. To emphasize the theme of the story
B. To sing the praise of the narrator
C. To prevent listeners from sleeping
D. To stress the motives of the story that relate to good morals

79. All forms of music that are not ritually or ceremonially bound are
A. recreational music.
B. incidental music.
C. occasional music.
D. none of the above.

80. Which of the following musical types is performed during intermission in festivals and funeral
activities?
A. Incidental music
B. Life cycle music
C. Recreational music
D. Occasional music

81. The property of language which enables humans to refer to events in the past, present and future is
A. arbitrariness.
B. displacement.
C. productivity.
D. uniqueness.

82. The social use of language which is used to bridge personalities and relationship between individual
demonstrates which function of language?
A. Instrumental function
B. Regulatory function
C. Interactional function
D. Personal function

83. The property of language which allows new utterances to be created and accommodated is known as

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 11

A. productivity.
B. arbitrariness.
C. displacement.
D. manipulative.

84. Which function of language can be said to be a convergence between the personal and the heuristic
functions of language?
A. Personal function
B. Informative function
C. Regulatory function
D. Imaginative function

85. Khosian languages are spoken in which part of Africa?

A. Southern Africa
B. East Africa
C. West Africa
D. North Africa

86. Which of the following is not true about dialects?

A. It is a geographical based variation of a language
B. It identifies particular native speakers
C. It is mutually unintelligible
D. It is mutually comprehensible

87. Which of the following is not a means of distinguishing between dialects?

A. Grammar
B. Phonology
C. Vocabulary
D. Literature

88. Vocabulary as a means of distinguishing between dialects corresponds with which property of language?
A. Productivity
B. Arbitrariness
C. Productivity
D. Dynamism

89. The fact of belonging to an ethnic group is referred to as

A. ethnocentrism.
B. positive ethnicity.
C. negative ethnicity.
D. ethnicity.

90. The tendency for some people belonging to an ethnic group to feel superior over others is
A. ethnocentrism.
B. positive ethnicity.
C. negative ethnicity.

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 12

D. ethnicity.

91. Which of the following is not a cause of ethnic conflict in Africa?

A. The arbitrary demarcation of Africa during colonization
B. The infamous policy of separate development in certain parts of Africa
C. The influence of foreign media
D. The emergence of democracy

92. The only unifying factor in DR Congo during the period of independence was
A. the black skin.
B. the economy.
C. ethnicity.
D. language.

93. For the Tutsi-led government to destroy the Hutu forces in Zaire, it formed an alliance with
A. Mobutu Sesesekou.
B. Laurent-Desire Kabila.
C. Yoweri Museveni.
D. Eduado Dos Santos.

94. Which was the main base of Kabila’s forces?

A. Banyamulenge
B. Intrahamwe
C. Banyawanda
D. Army of Ancient Regime

95. Under whose governorship in Eastern Nigeria did the Igbos press for local autonomy leading to
independence?
A. Lt Colonel Yakubu Gowon
B. General Johnson T.U. Aguiyi-Ironsi
C. Lt Colonel Chukwuemeka Ojukwu
D. Sony Abacha

96. Who became the first president of Togo at independence?

A. Gen. Gnassingbe Eyadema
B. Sylvanus Olympio
C. Josepth K. Koffigoh
D. Yoweri Museveni

97. All the following are problems that led to the 1994 Rwanda’s crisis except
A. economic backwardness.
B. ethnic tension.
C. over population.
D. under population.

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 13

98. The main opposition leader during the 2007-2008 Kenyan crisis, Raila Odinga, was supported mainly by
the
A. Kikuyu and Luo.
B. Kikuyu and Klenjin.
C. Luo and Klenjin.
D. Kikuyu.

99. The term cold war was coined by

A. Walter Lippmann.
B. Karl Marx.
C. Vladimir Lenin.
D. Kwame Nkrumah.

100. In the cold war, the US and its allies were propagating the ideology of
A. socialism.
B. capitalism.
C. communism.
D. command economy.

101. The polarization of the world into two blocs is referred to as

A. polarized world.
B. bi-polar world.
C. Cold War.
D. mono-polar world.

102. NATO is a socialist organization.

A. True
B. False

103. Which of the following is not an element of capitalism?

A. Individualism
B. Price Control
C. Consumer Choice
D. Privatisation

104. Which among the following was a strong critic of capitalism?

A. Kwame Nkrumah
B. Vladimir Lenin
C. Adam Smith
D. Karl Marx

105. Which of the following was not a reason why African countries chose socialism?
A. They were colonized by the Western European countries that form the capitalist bloc
B. They admired the way Stalin used socialism to develop Russia
C. Russia supported most anti-colonial movements in Africa
D. The western countries were hostile to African states

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 14

106. Which of the following countries never practiced one-party rule in West Africa?
A. Nigeria
B. Ghana
C. Gambia
D. Togo

107. Apartheid, an Afrikaner word, means

A. separate rule.
B. separate development.
C. equal right.
D. individualism.

108. Why did the US and its allies support the Apartheid government in South Africa despite all the
atrocities of the regime?
A. To encourage export of raw materials from South Africa
B. To serve as a bulwark against Russian expansion in the southern African region
C. To make the frontline states vulnerable to apartheid system
D. To continue ruling Africa

109. Why was the southern African region very important to US and its allies?
A. to protect their investment
B. to prevent Russian intrusion
C. the region is home to important minerals

110. Which of the following is not one of David Held’s classifications of democracy?
A. Participatory democracy
B. Liberal/representative democracy
C. One-party democracy
D. Proxy democracy

111. Which of the following democracies is the electorate represented in government by proxy?
A. Representative democracy
B. Participatory democracy
C. One-party democracy
D. Proxy democracy

112. The original type of democracy practiced in Athens was

A. Representative democracy
B. Participatory democracy
C. One-party democracy
D. Proxy democracy

113. Who labelled globalization as a new form of opposition?

A. Museveni B. Mugabe
C. Gadaffi D. Obasanjo

TUTOR: AKWASI OWUSU KWARTENG Page 15