Be (am/is/are) --> was --> had been

Be --> was
was --> had been

‘’I am reading a book now’’ - she said

She said that she was reading a book then.

‘’I was reading a book yesterday’’ - she said

She said that she had been reading a book the day before.

I am swimming --> I was swimming

I was swimming --> I had been swimming

Rozkazy, prośby, wykrzyknienia: ‘’to’’

‘Hurry up!’’ - he said

He said to hurry up.

‘’Drive slower’’ - she told me

She told me to drive slower.

‘’Don’t smoke!’’ - she said

She said not to smoke.