INTRINSIC

PATHWAY

Factor XII Factor XIIa

Factor XII (Hageman Factor,

Contact Factor)

Factor XII plays a primary role in

initiation of the contact or intrinsic
pathway of coagulation upon
binding with substances such as
glass or kaolin. The contact pathway
is the basis for the APTT clotting
assay. Specifically, factor XII is a clotting
factor. Clotting factors are specialized
proteins that are essential for proper
clotting, the process by which blood
clumps together to plug the site of a
wound to stop bleeding.

FACTOR XI FACTORS XIa

PLASMA THROMBOPLASTIN Factor XIIA acts as a catalyst to

ANTECEDENT (PTA, factor XI) activate factor XI to Factor XIA.
Factor XIA then goes on to activate
FACTOR XI is a plasma protein
factor IX to factor IXA. Factor IXA
functionally deficient in plasmas of
goes on to serve as a catalyst for
patients with congenital PTA
turning factor X into factor Xa.
deficiency. This agent participates early
This is known as a cascade.
in the intrinsic pathway of blood
coagulation.
FACTOR IX
The Christmas factor (IX) is
produced from the liver. Its
production is activated by
clotting factor XI (plasma
prothromboplastin antecedent)
and calcium.
FACTOR X
Factor X is a clotting protein (also called
a clotting factor). Clotting factors are
specialized proteins that are essential for
proper clotting, the process by which
blood clumps together to plug the site of
a wound to stop bleeding. Clotting
requires a series of reactions to ultimately
form a clot to plug a wound.
FACTOR IXa
Endothelial collagen is only exposed
when endothelial damage occurs. Factor
XIIA acts as a catalyst to activate factor
XI to Factor XIA. Factor XIA then goes
on to activate factor IX to factor IXA.
Factor IXA goes on to serve as a
catalyst for turning factor X into factor
Xa.
FACTOR Xa
Coagulation factor Xa is a protein
that reverses the effects of certain
anticoagulant medications that are
used to treat or prevent blood clots.
Reversing anticoagulant medicine is
necessary if you have uncontrolled or
life-threatening bleeding as a result of
how that medicine works.
 EXTRINSIC
PATHWAY

FACTOR VII FACTOR VIIa

Once the damage to the
vessel is done, the epithelial
cells release tissue factor
which goes on to activate the
factor VII to factor VIIa
+
TISSUE FACTOR
(THROMBOPLASTIN)
Upon contact with blood plasma,
the damage extravascular cells,
release the thromboplastin. Ca2+
then the factor VII is activated and
forming an enzyme complex

FACTOR X FACTOR IXa

It can be activate by the factor VIIa –

TF(tissue factor) and Ca2+complex FACTOR VIIIa
via an extrinsic pathway and by
factor IXa in the presence of Ca2+ via (cofactor for IXa)
an intrinsic pathway of blood
coagulation system activation.

FACTOR X FACTOR Xa

The enzyme complex Factor VIIa goes on to activate

leads to the activation of factor X and Factor Xa this is the
factor X (Stuart-Power point where both extrinsic and
Factor) which activates intrinsic pathways become one.
the common pathway