UNIT III - FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

PART A
∂u 1 ∂v
1. If u = ercosθ cos(rsinθ) and v = ercosθ sin(rsinθ) then prove that ∂r
= r ∂θ
.
∂ u 3
2. If u = exyz , find the value of ∂x∂y∂z .

3. If u = cos−1 √x+y √ , prove that x ∂u + y ∂u = − 1 cotu.

x+ y ∂x ∂y 2

y

p ∂z ∂z
p
4. If z = f x
+ x2 + y 2 , show that x ∂x + y ∂y = x2 + y 2 .
∂u ∂u ∂u
5. If u = f (ey−z , ez−x , ex−y ), prove that ∂x
+ ∂y
+ ∂z
= 0.
0
6. If x = u(1 − v), y = uv then prove that JJ = 1.
∂(u,v)
7. If x = eu secv, y = eu tanv then find ∂(x,y)
.
du
8. If u = x2 + y 2 + z 2 where x = e2t , y = e2t cos3t and z = e2t sin3t then find dt
.

9. If pv 2 = k and the relative errors in p and v are respectively 0.05 and 0.025, show that
the error in k is 10%.
2
10. If the Kinetic energy k = wv
2g
, find approximately the change in the Kinetic energy as w
changes from 49 to 49.5 and v changes from 1600 to 1590. (Hint: Take g = 32f t/s2 ).

PART B
∂v ∂v
11. If v = xy y x , prove that x ∂x + y ∂y = v(x + y + logv).
y y ∂ z 2∂ z 2 2
2∂ z



12. If z = xφ x
+ψ x
, prove that x2 ∂x 2 + 2xy ∂x∂y + y ∂y 2 = 0.

 1 1
 12
x 2 +y 2 2 2 2 tanu 13+tan2 u
13. If u = cosec−1 , prove that x2 ∂∂xu2 + 2xy ∂x∂y
∂ u
+ y 2 ∂∂yu2 =


1 1 12 12
.
x 3 +y 3

∂2u ∂2u
14. Transform the equation ∂x2
+ ∂y 2
= 0 into Polar Coordinates.
∂2f ∂2f
15. If by the substitution u = x2 − y 2 , v = 2xy, f (x, y) = θ(u, v), show that ∂x2
+ ∂y 2
=
∂2θ ∂2θ


4(x2 + y 2 ) ∂u2 + ∂v 2 .

16. Show that u = y + z, v = x + 2z 2 , w = x − 4yz − 2y 2 are not independent. Find the

relation between them.
∂(x,y,z)
17. If u = x + y + z, uv = y + z, uvw = z then find ∂(u,v,w)
.

18. Using Taylor’s series, find an approximate value of f (0.9, −1.2) for the function f (x, y) =
tan−1 (xy).

19. Expand f (x, y) = xy in powers of (x − 1) and (y − 1) upto terms of third degree.

20. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following functions.

(a) sinxsinysin(x + y).

(b) x3 + 3xy 2 − 15x2 − 15y 2 + 72x.

1
21. Find the volume of the greatest rectangular parallelopiped that can be inscribed in the
2 2 2
ellipsoid xa2 + yb2 + zc2 = 1.

22. The temperature T at any point (x, y, z) in space is T = 400xyz 2 . Find the highest
temperature on the surface of the unit sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.

23. The sum of three numbers is constant. Prove that their product is maximum when they
are equal.

Solutions/Hints

2. exyz [x2 y 2 z 2 + 3xyz + 1].

7. e−u cosv.

8. 8e4t .

10. −4500 units.

∂2u 1 ∂u 1 ∂2u
14. ∂r2
+ r ∂r
+ r2 ∂θ2
= 0. [Hint: Put x = rcosθ and y = rsinθ]

16. w = v − 2u2 .

17. u2 v.

18. −0.8229.

19. 1 + (x − 1) + (x − 1)(y − 1) + 21 (x − 1)2 (y − 1) + ....

√
π π 2π 2π 3 3



20. (a) Maximum√
at 3
, 3
& minimum at 3
, 3
and maximum value is 8
& minimum
value is −38 3 .
(b) Maximum at (4, 0) & minimum at (6, 0) and maximum value is 112 & minimum value
is 108.
8abc
21. √ .
3 3

22. 50.