Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

MAN-001(Mathematics-1), Autumn Semester: 2020-21

Assignment-4: (Euler’s theorem, Chain Rule, Jacobian)

x3 +y 3
1. Let z = tan−1


x−y
. Then using Euler’s theorem, prove that
∂z ∂z ∂ z 2 2 2
2∂ z ∂ z
(i) x ∂x + y ∂y = sin 2z (ii) x2 ∂x 2 + y ∂y 2 + 2xy ∂x∂y = sin 4z − sin 2z

2. If z = xm f xy ) + xn g xy , then show that

2 2
∂ 2z
 
2∂ z 2∂ z ∂z ∂z
x +y + 2xy + mnz = (m + n − 1) x +y .
∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂x∂y ∂x ∂y

loge x−loge y
3. If f (x, y) = 1
x2
+ 1
xy
+ x2 +y 2
, prove that x ∂f
∂x
+ y ∂f
∂y
+ 2f = 0.
du
4. Use the chain rule to compute dt
for
(i) u = sin(x2 + y 2 ), x = t2 + 3, y = t3
(ii) u = tan−1 ( xy ), x = et − e−t , y = et + e−t
(iii) u = x2 + y 2 + z 2 and x = e2t , y = e2t cos 3t, z = e2t sin 3t
∂z ∂z
5. Use the chain rule to compute ∂s
and ∂t
for z = x2 y 2 , x = st, y = t2 − s2 .

6. Find the first order partial derivatives of z with respect to x and y if xy + yz + xz = 1.

7. If z = ex sin y + ey cos x, where x and y are implicit functions of t defined by x3 + x + et +

t2 + t − 1 = 0 and yt3 + y 3 t + t + y = 0, then find dz
dt
at t = 0.

8. Find the values of n so that the function v = rn (3 cos2 θ − 1) satisfies the relation

∂ 2 ∂v 1 ∂v ∂v
(r )+ (sin θ ) = 0.
∂r ∂r sin θ ∂θ ∂θ
Pn
9. If v = v(r), where r2 = i=1 x2i , show that
n
X ∂ 2v ∂ 2 v n − 1 ∂v
= + .
i=1
∂x2i ∂r2 r ∂r

x2 −y 2
10. Let w = f (u, v) satisfies the Laplace equation wuu + wvv = 0. If u = 2
and v = xy,
then show that w also satisfies the Laplace equation wxx + wyy = 0.
∂(x,y,z)
11. Compute the Jacobian ∂(ρ,θ,φ)
, where x = ρ sin θ cos φ, y = ρ sin θ sin φ, z = ρ cos θ.

∂(x,y)
√ q
2
√ q
2
12. Find the Jacobian ∂(u,v)
, where x = 2u − 3
v, y= 2u + 3
v.

13. Check whether or not the following functions are functionally dependent? If yes, then
find a relation between them.
x2 +3y 2
(i) f (x, y) = log x − log y, g(x) = 2xy
(ii) f (x, y) = xy , g(x) = x−y
x+y

1
14. Show that the following functions satisfy the necessary condition for functional depen-
dence
u = x + y + z, v = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , w = x3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz
Also find a relation among u, v, w.

15. If x1 = u1 (1 − u2 ), x2 = u1 u2 (1 − u3 ), x3 = u1 u2 u3 (1 − u4 ), x4 = u1 u2 u3 u4 , then prove

that
∂(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 )
= u31 u22 u3 .
∂(u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 )

16. If the roots of equation (t − x)3 + (t − y)3 + (t − z)3 = 0 in t are u, v, w, then show that

∂(u, v, w) (x − y)(y − z)(z − x)

= −2 .
∂(x, y, z) (u − v)(v − w)(w − u)

17. If x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ, prove that

∂2r ∂2r 1
 ∂r
2 ∂r 2

 ∂2r

∂2r

∂2r 2


(i) ∂x 2 + ∂y 2 = r ∂x
+ ∂y (ii) ∂x2
· ∂y 2
= ∂x∂y
∂r 2 ∂r 2



(iii) ∂x + ∂y =1

18. If u = loge (x3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz), then show that

 2
∂ ∂ ∂ −9
+ + u= .
∂x ∂y ∂z (x + y + z)2

Answers

4. (i) 4xt cos(x2 + y 2 ) + 6yt2 cos(x2 + y 2 ), (ii) −2/(e2t + e−2t ), (iii) 8e4t .

5. 2xy 2 t − 4yx2 s, 2xy 2 s + 4yx2 t.

∂z y+z ∂z x+z
6. ∂x
= − x+y , ∂y
= − x+y .

7. −2

8. n = 2, −3

11. ρ2 sin θ

12. √4
3
p
13. (i) dependent. f (x, y) = log(g(x, y)) + (g(x, y))2 − 3)
1−g(x,y)
(ii) dependent. f (x, y) = 1+g(x,y)

u(3v−u2 )
14. w = 2