Valencia School Anexo sur

Astrophysics
By Carmen Rivera, Nazareth López, Ariana
Bocanegra, Daniel Escober
11th
Ms. Emely Díaz
18/ 10/ 22
 Introduction

Astrophysics means the application of «Physics» to the knowledge of the

«Astronomy» mixing these two words. In this science we try to understand the
complicated universe, applying physics laws, and the scientific method.
The description of the solar system is relatively simple, but outside this system
there are several objects that demonstrate the complexity of the structure of the
universe. But the Milky Way is not the only galaxy in the universe, and the total
number of these massive cosmic groups is still unknown. To analyze the properties
of the entire universe, a hypothetical scenario of what the universe would look like
under certain conditions is called a cosmological model. A common assumption of
cosmological models is that the universe must look the same to observers as long
as the discovery is defined as a "cosmological principle". Another more ambitious
hypothesis states that the universe is always the same for all observers, known as
the "ideal cosmological principle". It was from these assumptions that the steady
state theory of the universe was developed, that the universe should look the same
everywhere and should not change over time. The redshift of galaxies confirms
that the universe is expanding and therefore expanding, and if the steady state
theory now holds, it cannot explain such expansion.

Definition

Astrophysics is a branch of space science that applies the laws of physics and
chemistry to seek to understand the universe and our place in it. The field explores
topics such as the birth, life and death of stars, planets, galaxies, nebulae and other
objects in the universe. Astrophysics is a branch of space science that applies the
laws of physics and chemistry to seek to understand the universe and our place in
it. The field explores topics such as the birth, life and death of stars, planets,
galaxies, nebulae and other objects in the universe.
 Historical Examples

First measurement of cosmic temperature so early

The VLT first detected carbon monoxide molecules in a galaxy some 11 billion
light-years away, a feat that took 25 years to accomplish. This allowed astronomers
to obtain the most accurate measurement of cosmic temperature at such a remote
time.
Stonehenge (South of England)
It was built between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age (Approximately between
2700 and 2100 BC)
It is believed that due to its geographical position it was used for religious rites and
as an astronomical tool, given its geographical alignment that can predict the
summer and winter solstices, projecting the sunrise and sunset through its rocks.
Newgrange
Although for decades it was assumed that Newgrange was just a funerary
monument, recent research assures that this space also fulfilled an astronomical
function. The fact that the cardinal points are aligned with the burial chamber’s
sheds light on the cosmological purpose of this space.

It is estimated that the Celts came to inhabit this space between 500-300 BC. Once
they settled in the vicinity of the monument, they adopted it to celebrate their own
religious festivals. Mainly, they were aimed at the harvest seasons and the most
important astronomical events of the year, such as the equinoxes.
 Actual Application

This is a relatively new field emerging from the interplay of particle physics,
astronomy, astrophysics, detector physics, relativity, solid-state physics, and
cosmology. The field of Astro particle physics grew out of the field of optical
physics. Detector technology advances the field of astrophysics and covers topics
such as mechanics, electrodynamics, thermodynamics, plasma physics, nuclear
physics, relativity, and particle physics. Particle physicists discovered that
astrophysics was necessary because it was difficult to produce particles with
energies comparable to those found in space.
 Conclusion

Astrophysicists are increasingly eager to learn more about stars, planets, and
whether Earth is the only planet that can support life. As astrophysicists find more
and more results, they get closer to understanding what red giants become after
death, whether other life forms exist in space, etc. More solar systems have been
found, and the possibility of life on another planet is also less. It's entirely possible,
but since only exoplanets with water and protective atmospheres can support life,
this rules out many possibilities. There are different kinds of stars, and scientists
are doing more research to learn about stars. Astrophysics is very exciting and
there are many new discoveries in the universe that could lead to big changes in
life on Earth.