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UAB/M/LRC Ewa Kowalska ETXNOR 2000-02-15 A

TRAFFIC DIMENSIONING RULES FOR

AXE ACCESS 910

Contents Page

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 Revision Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Access 910 System Structure and Configurations . . . 3
3.1 Small Node, Half Equipped BYB 501 Cabinet . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Single Cabinet Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3 Large Two Cabinet Node. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 Traffic Dimensioning Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1 PCM Links and ETCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2 RPGs Needed at Local Exchange Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3 Dimensioning Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4 Example for Calculating of a 10K Local exchange . . . . 12
5 Tables and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Note: This document contains the same information as UAB/B/U-98:209

Uen, rev C.

/home/uabghib/mydocs/AxM2/prodAxM2_revC.fm
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1 INTRODUCTION

This document contains detailed rules for connection of AXE Access 910
nodes to AXE10, to be included in the AXE 10 Traffic Dimensioning Manual
and to be used for specification and ordering purposes. Depending on the
traffic requirements from the connected accesses and type of accesses, the
number of PCM-links between each AUS and GS, number of ETCs and
number of RPGs are dimensioned.

The traffical requirements and type of accesses shall also be used as input
in order to choose the appropriate standardized Access 910 configuration
(the equipment in the Access 910 node itself). This is described in ref [4].
This choice should be made as the first step before entering this document.

1.1 REVISION INFORMATION

Revision Date Comment

A 1998-10-14
B 1999-02-01
C 2000-02-14
First version of the document
Standard and medium configurations
were changed. Other minor changes.
Dimensioning of AXE Access 910 node
was removed since standardized
configurations are described in ref [4]
(Ordering Information). Section 4.2.1 was
corrected. The report’s structure was
changed.
Approved by Björn Norevik (ETX)

2 ABBREVIATIONS

AU Access Unit
AUS Access Unit Switch
RPG Regional Processor with Group switch interface
ETC Exchange Terminal Circuit
EMG Extension Module Group
EMRP Extension Module Regional Processor
LE Local Exchange
TAU Test Access Unit
TS Time Slot
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3 ACCESS 910 SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND CONFIGURATIONS

This chapter describes the Access 901 structure. See also ref [4].

An Extension Module Group (EMG) contains up to 6 Access Unit Switches

(AUSs) depending on the configuration (see sections 3.1-3.3). Up to 450
PSTN lines/B-channels can be connected to each AUS and up to 5-6 PCM-
links (2048kbit/s) of 30/31 time slots each connect an AUS to the Group
Switch (GS). Only the first two (2) AUSs (EMs) have a control channel T16
for APZ.

Each AUS can connect up to 15 line boards (AUs):

• AU-PSTN with 30 lines or

• AU-ISDN with 15 lines = 30 B-channels

via internal 2048kbit/s links. External V5 or PRA accesses can replace such
a 2048kbit/s connection to the AUS. Hence, there can be up to 450 PSTN
lines/B-channels per AUS.

If the optional function for Equipment Protection Switching is chosen, one

spare AUS, one spare AU-PSTN and one spare AU-ISDN-BA are included
per EMG.

Above speech time slots and APZ control channel time slots, some V5.1
protocol channels, C-channels, will be needed. The concept of Access 910
is based upon internal V5.1 protocol to and from the line boards using one
C-channel per AU-board containing e.g. line status - off-hook, on-hook etc.
The C-channels for all AU boards connected to the same AUS will be
concentrated to one C-channel per AUS and sent over the PCM links to GSS
and terminated in RPGs.
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1 AU V5.1
PCM-links
30 (PSTN) V5
RPG
AUS
(EM)
V3 PRA
V5.1 RPG

GS spare
"EMRP-ring" RPG

1 AU V5.1 AU
30 (PSTN) RPG
AUS-0
(EM) TAU
1 RPG
AU V5.1
15 (ISDN)

CP

AUS-
TAU STBY
(EM)

Fig.1. Multiple Access Group (MACCG) = an EMG of Access 910 type.

All AUSs within an EMG are interconnected using a network of 2 Mbit/s

cables. This cable network consists of two parts:

• One part provides a carrier for signalling between the control

system of the involved AUSs (including a possible stand-by
AUS) and is for redundancy reasons build up in a ring structure
(EMRP-ring). Over the EMRP-ring, communication is possible
in two directions, which means that two AUSs normally have
two physically separated channels to use for communication. It
should be noticed that Time Slots on the EMRP-ring that are
not used for signalling can be used for traffic.
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• The other part provides a carrier for traffic between AUSs in an

EMG and is referred to as the MESH-network. It interconnects
each AUS to all other AUSs within an EMG.

Figure 2 shows the configuration of a typical AUS-network for different sizes:

2 AUSs

3 AUSs

MESH-network
EMRP-ring

6 AUSs

Fig.2. AUS-network configuration for different network-sizes

Usually, the 6 AUS-configuration is delivered where only the needed number

of AUSs are in use.

The standard configurations are described in detail in ref [4]. In this chapter
a short presentation of the configurations is given.

3.1 SMALL NODE, HALF EQUIPPED BYB 501 CABINET

In the small node configuration there is only one (1) AUS per EMG and 5
PCM systems possible for AUSs connected to GS. This means that up to 450
B-channels can be connected.

The number of 2048kbit/s links per EM and EMG depends on the traffic to be
handled. In the standard configuration a requirement of maximum 0.29
Erlang/B-channel at 0.5% congestion can be met.

3.2 SINGLE CABINET NODE

In the single cabinet configuration there are 3 AUSs per EMG and 11 or 16
PCM systems possible for AUSs connected to GS.

There are two configuration variants depending on the traffic load requested:
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• For normal traffic, i.e. up to 0.21 Erlang/B-channel, up to 1500

B-channels per EMG and 11 PCM systems can be connected.
• For high traffic, i.e. up to 0.34 Erlang/B-channel, up to 1350 B-
channels per EMG and 16 PCM systems can be connected.

The number of 2048kbit/s links per EM and EMG depends on the traffic to be
handled. In the standard configuration for a single cabinet node maximum
0.34 Erlang/B-channel at 0.5% congestion can met.

3.3 LARGE TWO CABINET NODE

In the large two cabinet configuration there are maximum 6 AUSs per EMG
and up to 19 or 34 PCM systems possible for AUSs connected to GS.

There are two configuration variants depending on the traffic load requested:

• For normal traffic, i.e. up to 0.18 Erlang/B-channel, up to 3120

B-channels per EMG and 19 PCM systems can be connected.
• For high traffic, i.e. up to 0.38 Erlang/B-channel, up to 2670 B-
channels per EMG and 34 PCM systems can be connected.

The number of 2048kbit/s links per EM and EMG depends on the traffic to be
handled. In the configuration for a large node maximum 0.38 Erlang/B-
channel at 0.5% congestion can be met.

Note: If the traffic requirements are higher than the standard configuration
can handle, the configurations can be partially equipped or Access 910
Product Management should be contacted for design and dimensioning of a
new configuration.
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4 TRAFFIC DIMENSIONING RULES

4.1 PCM LINKS AND ETCS

Each AUS will connect at least 1 PCM and up to 6 PCM links towards the
host exchange.

AUS0 and AUS1 are used for STR-STC communication (they have the
signalling time-slot, T16).

The total number of PCM links and ETCs for each EMG are calculated in
relation to recommended traffic rate and line congestion frequency.

The number of ETC magazines required at the Host Exchange is depending

on how many PCM links have been calculated for connection towards the
RSS. That is, for each PCM link there is an ETC.

For signalling between an Access 910 EMG and the Local Exchange, up to
6 extra Time Slots are needed (full EMG standard configuration), which may
require an extra PCM link and ETC.

4.2 RPGS NEEDED AT LOCAL EXCHANGE SIDE

4.2.1 RPGs for line board control signals (AU signalling)

The number of RPGs needed for traffic up to 0.2 Erlang/B-channel:

• 1/2 RPG per single cabinet node, i.e. two single cabinet nodes
(half or full equipped cabinets) can share 1 RPG.
• one (1) RPG per large two cabinet node

The number of RPGs needed for traffic higher than 0.2 Erlang/B-channel:

• one (1) RPG per single cabinet node

• two (2) RPGs per large two cabinet node

Note: For earlier systems than AXE Local 7.2 (i.e. Local 7.1), one RPG is
always needed per 960 B-channels. Two small nodes with maximum 960 B-
channels together can share one (1) RPG.

4.2.2 RPG for O&M functions (TAU communication)

One RPG is needed for every 30 TAU connections. For a single cabinet node,
one (1) TAU is used and for two cabinet node two (2) TAUs are used. This
RPG can be shared by several EMGs (i.e. 30 Single Cabinet EMGs can
share one TAU-RPG).
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Note: The option Equipment Protection Switching requires one (1) TAU extra
per EMG.

4.2.3 RPG for APZ T16 termination (STR-STC communication)

One RPG is required for the STC function, named STCG.

One RPG can handle 8 STC functions which means that one RPG can
handle 4 EMGs (2 STCs per EMG).

This is only valid if STCG is used. If old STC magazines are used two STC
magazines per EMG are needed.

4.2.4 RPG for PRA and external V5.1 accesses

All inlets can be used since RPG has 4 times the capacity of RPD. This
means that 30 PRAs and/or V5.1 accesses could be connected per RPG.
(see reference [2]).

4.2.5 RPG for FH (Frame Handler) of ISDN data traffic

One RPG-pair (two RPGs) is required for the FH. This is common for several
EMGs. Each FH-C (Frame Handler Concentration function) function
concentrates multiplexed packet traffic from 1-30 FH-Ls (Frame Handler
Local function) into a few BD-channels towards the Packet Handler Interface
(PHI). The FH-C handles only six (6) BD-channels due to capacity point of
view.

4.2.6 Spare RPGs for redundancy

One spare RPG per application is required, i.e.:

- one for Access line board signalling termination

- one for TAU signalling
- one for STC function, if used on RPG.
- one for PRA
- one for V5.1

FH has redundancy included in the RPG pair required for the function (see
section 4.2.5 ).

The spare RPGs can be shared between many or all RSSs connected to the
same LE - but still per application.
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4.3 DIMENSIONING PROCEDURE

Dimensioning Limits

Maximum number of PRA per RPG = 30

Maximum number of V5.1 signalling channels per RPG = 30
Number of TAU per EMG (single cabinet configuration) =1
Number of TAU per EMG (two cabinet configuration) =2
Number of STC per EMG =2

Dimensioning Rules

INPUT

PSTN = Number of PSTN lines

BA = Number of ISDN-BA accesses
PRA = Number of ISDN-PRA accesses
V5 = Number of external V5 systems
EMG = Number of EMGs in the system
αPSTN = Average traffic per PSTN
αBA = Average traffic per BA B-channel
αPRA = Average traffic per PRA B-channel
αV5 = Average traffic per external V5 C-channel
B = Probability of blocking = 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%

INTERMEDIATE

Amax = Maximum traffic offered per EMG

n = Number of PCMs per EMG (between AUSs and GS)
RPGAU = Number of RPGs required for AU signalling
RPGTAU = Number of RPGs required for TAU communication
RPGSTC = Number of RPGs required for APZ T16 termination
RPGV5 = Number of RPGs required for V5 accesses
RPGPRA = Number of RPGs required for PRA accesses
RPGFH = Number of RPGs required for FH
RPGspare = Number of spare RPGs required

OUTPUT

PCM = Number of PCMs required for the LE

ETC = Number of ETCs required for the LE
RPG = Number of RPGs required for the LE
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PROCEDURE

1. Calculate the maximum offered traffic per each EMG:

Amax = PSTN x αPSTN + BA x 2 x αBA + 30 x PRA x αPRA + 30 x V5 x αV5

2. Calculate the number of PCM-links per each EMG, n:

Use tables 2-4 (see table 1), to see how many PCMs per EMG that are
needed for different traffic intensities.

Note: Add Time Slots for AU signalling depending on configuration:

• 1 TS for small node configuration,
• 3 TS for one cabinet configuration or
• 6 TS for two cabinet configuration.

For information only:

The number of PCM-systems (connecting the AUSs to GS) should be evenly

distributed between the AUSs: add one PCM-link at a time in such way it can
only differ one link between any AUS. E.g. add one PCM-link to AUS0, then
to AUS1, AUS2,..., AUS5, AUS0,... and so on.

If the traffic is unevenly distributed, the AUSs with the highest traffic (if
known) should have the highest number of PCM-links. Hence the blocking
probability is minimized.

3. Calculate the total required number of PCM-links for the LE:

EMG
PCM = ∑ n
i =1

4. The total required number of ETCs:

ETC = PCM

5. The total required number of RPGs (contains same information as in

section 4.2):

Internal V5.1 C-channels, external V5 C-channels and PRA cannot share the
same RPG board. Also, each proprietary O&M communication CP-TAU
requires one RPG inlet per TAU. Only the same application can share the
same RPG even between different EMGs.

If fraction raise to next integer:

a) If α ≤ 0.2 , for one cabinet configuration: RPGAU = 1/2 x EMG

for two cabinet configuration: RPGAU = EMG

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If α > 0.2 , for one cabinet configuration: RPGAU = EMG

for two cabinet configuration: RPGAU = 2 x EMG

b) RPGTAU = (TAU x EMG) / 30, (see dimensioning limits)

Note: If Equipment Protection switching is required add 1 TAU extra per

EMG.

c) RPGSTC = (STC x EMG) / 8, (see dimensioning limits)

d) RPGPRA = PRA/30, (see dimensioning limits)

e) RPGV5 = V5 / 30, (see dimensioning limits)

f) RPGFH = 2,

g) RPGspare = 1AU + 1TAU + 1 STC+ 1PRA + 1V5 ,

RPG = RPGAU + RPGTAU + RPGSTC + RPGPRA + RPGV5 + RPGspare

Dimensioning Tables

Traffic pint α Table

configuration
Configuration up 0-9% 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 2
to 0.4o erl/B-ch)
10 - 19 % 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 3
50 - 59 % 0.10, 0.15, 0. 20, 0.30, 0.40 4

Table 1. Tables survey

Parameters:

pint = percent intern traffic

α = traffic intensity per B-channel (erl/B-channel)

How to read the tables

In every table, the maximum offered traffic (Amax) is estimated for different
blocking probabilities (B=0.001, 0.005, 0.010), traffic intensities (e.g. α =
0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, ...) and different number of PCM-links (n=1,2,3,...).

Example:

Input: internal traffic p = 50%, average traffic α = 0.2 erl/B-channel,

congestion B = 0.5%, total traffic A = 320 erlang
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According to table 1, table 4 is to be used. Look in the column corresponding

the blocking probability 0.5% = 0.005.

PCM- B
links
0.001 0.005 0.010

1 33 38 40
2 81 89 93
3 134 145 150
4 189 202 209
5 245 260 268
6 301 318 328
7 358 377 388
8 415 435 446
9 472 496 508

The value 320 Erlang is between the values 318 and 377 in the table. So this
means that 7 PCM links are needed to connect the AUSs to the GS (take the
maximum value between the corresponding number of PCM links: 6 and 7).

4.4 EXAMPLE FOR CALCULATION OF A 10K LOCAL EXCHANGE (LE)

Assumptions:

• up to 0.2 Erlang/B-channel, PSTN, ISDN-BA accesses

• up to 30 PRA accesses, no external V5.1 accesses
• 10K Local Exchange containing 5 EMG of about 2000 lines each,
meaning that the two cabinet configuration is required (each EMG in
two cabinets)
• Internal traffic is pint = 0%
• blocking probability 0.5% (B=0.005)

Requirements:

Number of PCM-links, ETCs and RPGs needed.

PCM-links and ETCs

Each EMG has 2000 lines (B-channel) at 0.5% congestion. Then, the
maximum traffic per EMG is estimated to be Amax = 2000 x 0.2 = 400 Erlang.

Table 1 indicates that table 2 has to be used (pint = 0%). Looking in the
column for B=0.005 one can find that at least 14 PCM links are needed (or
15 PCM by a comfortable margin). See ’How to read the tables’ on page 11.

Add 6 Time Slots (TS) for AU signalling (two cabinet EMG size), in this case
add an extra PCM-link: 14+1=15 PCM-links per EMG.

Total number PCM-links for the 10K LE (containing 5 EMGs) will then be:

5 x 15 PCM = 75 PCMs
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This means that 75 ETCs are required as well.

GS inlets: 75 x 32 = 2400 inlets for traffic and AU signalling

RPGs needed

a) RPGAU = 1 per EMG => 1 x 5 EMG = 5 RPG per 10K Local Exchange

b) TAU = 2 for each EMG

TAUtot = 2 x 5 EMG = 10
RPGTAU = 10 / 30 => 1 RPG per 10K LE

c) STC = 2 x 5 EMG = 10
RPGSTC = 10 / 8 => 2 RPG per 10K LE

d) RPGPRA = 30/30 = 1

e) no V5 interfaces

f) 2 RPGFH in the LE (if FH is present in the LE)

g) RPGspare = 4

This gives a total of 5 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +4 = 15 RPGs required for 10k Local

Exchange.

5 TABLES AND RESULTS

The results in the tables are reached through simulations. These were based
on the limits and inputs described in this chapter.

Dimensioning Limits

Minimum number of AU per AUS =1

Maximum number of AU (PSTN and ISDN) per AUS = 15 - 18
Minimum number of AUS per EMG =1
Maximum number of AUS per EMG =6
Maximum number of PSTN lines/B-channels per AUS = 450 - 540
Minimum PCM-links to GS per AUS =1
Maximum PCM-links to GS per AUS and per EMG = 6 - 34
Maximum average traffic per subscriber (B-channel) =α
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Dimensioning Rules

INPUT

α = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40

A = maximal offered traffic

p = internal traffic = 0% - 9%, 10% - 19%, 50% - 59%.

B = blocking probability = 0.001, 0.005, 0.010.

OUTPUT

PCMs

PROCEDURE

Calculate the maximum offered traffic Amax (see section 4.3 under
PROCEDURE 1)

Use tables 2 - 4 to find out the number of required PCMs. See "How to read
the tables" on page 11.

For information only:

Note that the first 2 AUSs use 2 Time Slots for signalling. For instance, if we
have 12 PCM-links distributed on 3 AUSs in an EMG the structure is the
following: the 1st and the 2nd AUS will use 4 PCMs = 4 x 31 - 1 TS each and
the 3rd AUS will use 4 PCM = 4 x 31 TS.

Simulations were made to find the maximal offered traffic, Amax, in order to
achieve a blocking probability of B. Tables 2 - 4 show how much traffic PCM-
links connected to the GS can handle and help us to decide how many PCMs
that are needed per EMG in the case of 20% unbalanced low/medium traffic.

The maximum traffic per EMG (in Erlang) is calculated as

Amax = (B-channels) x α .

See the examples below:

Maximum number of α=0.10 α=0.15 α=0.20 α=0.30 α=0.40

B-channels
450 45 67.5 90 135 180
1350 135 202.5 270 405 540
2670 267 400.5 534 801 1068
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PCM- B
links
0.001 0.005 0.010

1 16 19 20
2 40 44 46
3 67 72 75
4 94 101 104
5 122 130 134
6 150 159 164
7 179 188 194
8 208 218 224
9 237 248 254
10 266 277 284
11 295 308 315
12 324 337 345
13 353 368 376
14 383 398 406
15 412 428 437
16 442 458 468
17 472 488 498
18 501 519 529
19 531 549 560
20 561 579 590
21 590 610 621
22 620 640 652
23 650 671 683
24 680 701 714
25 710 731 744
26 740 762 775
27 770 793 806
28 800 823 837
29 830 854 868
30 860 884 899
31 890 915 930
32 920 945 961
33 950 976 991
34 980 1007 1023
35 1010 1037 1054
36 1040 1068 1085

Table 2. Maximum offered traffic per EMG for different number of PCMs
Amax=(number of B-channels) x α, where α = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 erl/B-
channel. Internal traffic p=0 - 9%
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PCM- B
links
0.001 0.005 0.010

1 18 21 22
2 45 49 52
3 74 80 84
4 105 112 116
5 136 144 149
6 167 177 182
7 199 209 215
8 231 242 249
9 263 275 282
10 295 309 316
11 328 342 350
12 360 375 384
13 393 409 418
14 425 442 452
15 458 476 486
16 491 509 520
17 524 543 554
18 557 576 588
19 590 610 622
20 623 644 656
21 656 678 690
22 689 711 724
23 722 745 758
24 755 778 793
25 788 812 826
26 822 846 861
27 855 881 895
28 888 914 930
29 921 949 964
30 955 983 999
31 988 1017 1033
32 1022 1051 1067
33 1056 1085 1102
34 1089 - -

Table 3. Maximum offered traffic per EMG for different number of PCMs
Amax=(number of B-channels) x α, where α = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 erl/B-
channel. Internal traffic p=10 - 19%
 SecurityClass
REPORT 17(18)
Uppgjord (även faktaansvarig om annan) - Prepared (also subject responsible if other) Nr - No.

1/12701-COA/BFE 306 020 Uen

Dokansv/Godkänd - Doc respons/Approved Kontr - Checked Datum - Date Rev File
2000-02-15

PCM- B
links
0.001 0.005 0.010

1 33 38 40
2 81 89 93
3 134 145 150
4 189 202 209
5 245 260 268
6 301 318 328
7 358 377 387
8 415 435 446
9 470 491 508
10 532 555 568
11 586 610 630
12 648 676 691
13 706 734 750
14 765 794 810
15 824 855 874
16 884 916 934
17 944 977 996
18 1003 1038 1058
19 1062 1099 1119
20 1121 - -

Table 4. Maximum offered traffic per EMG for different number of PCMs
Amax=(number of B-channels) x α, where α = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 erl/B-
channel. Internal traffic p=50 - 59%
 SecurityClass
REPORT 18(18)
Uppgjord (även faktaansvarig om annan) - Prepared (also subject responsible if other) Nr - No.

1/12701-COA/BFE 306 020 Uen

Dokansv/Godkänd - Doc respons/Approved Kontr - Checked Datum - Date Rev File
2000-02-15

6 CONCLUSIONS

For traffic dimensioning the traffic values in tables 2-4 should be used.

Simulations showed that the Erlang table can always be used when no
internal traffic is present. The values in tables 2-4 are rather close to the
traffic values in Erlang table for an internal traffic up to 40%. Generally, the
values in tables 2-4 are lower or equal to the ones in Erlang table.

Increased number of AUSs, i.e. larger nodes, will allow better distributed
traffic over the system (that is estimated for up to 4 AUSs for low traffic and
up to 6 AUSs for high traffic.

7 REFERENCES

[1] 2/0362-FCP 105 464

[2] UAB/B/U - 98:371 Uen, "Additional Dimensioning Guidelines for TRH

in Local 4 and Local 5".

[3] UAB/B/U-97:447 Uen, "Simulations of Traffic Characteristics within

an EMG in AXESS-M"

[4] 131 62 - COA/BFE 306 020, Ordering Information AXE Access 910