BPMN 2.

0 Fundamentals
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1 GATEWAYS 2 TASKS & SUBPROCESSES 3 REPEATING BEHAVIOR 4 START EVENTS 5 END EVENTS
use the gateways to split are used to show work that You Is used to execute tasks or are used to start a new process are used to show the end of a
& merge paths must be performed subprocesses multiple times instance process path

ONE PATH TASKS MULTI-INSTANCE BASIC END

A Data-Based Exclusive Gateway (XOR) A Receive Task A Manual Task A Multi-Instance Parallel Task A Message Start Event A None End Event
represents an exclusive decision that is based waits for information from a participant is executed without the support of an is repeated based on a list of items or a starts the process when information is ends the process(path) - a specific state
on data that is available in the process. The outside the process. The process information system or machine. clearly defined number. It is similar to a received from an external participant (e.g. is reached.
decision can be simple Yes/No or complex <5, continues when the information is “for each” statement in programming. an order).
>=5 & < 10, >= 10 but only one path will be received. A Message End Event
Both are equal but we activated after the gateway. Parallel means that the created instances A Timer Start Event
A Send Task A User Task ends the process(path) and a message is
prefer the left one The gateway can be used to merge paths but are all triggered from the start and run in
sends information to participants outside parallel. starts the process on a specific date, sent to an external participant.
has simple pass-through behavior. is performed by a person and supported
the process. date-time or interval (e.g. every Monday).
by an information system.

An Event-Based Exclusive Gateway (XOR) A Multi-Instance Sequential Task A Conditional Start Event TERMINATE
is for exclusive decisions that are based on is repeated based on a list of items or a starts the process when a condition evaluates to A Terminate End Event
A Business Rule Task A Service Task clearly defined number. It is similar to a true. This can be a simple or a complex condition
events that may happen. The first event that
happens triggers the path to follow. Often used evaluates a (business) rule and is executed by an information system. “for each” statement in programming. (e.g. Temperature > 200°C). stops the (sub)process and stops all other
with timer, message, or conditional intermediate receives the outcome of the decision active tasks in the (sub)process.
events. Receive tasks can be used as well. as data that can be used in the Sequential means that the instances are
A None Start Event
The gateway should not be used to merge paths. process. executed in sequential order – one by Be careful: only active tasks in the same
LOOP one. represents that start of a subprocess and subprocess and the same instance are
An Abstract Task can be used to trigger a process without terminated.
MULTIPLE A Loop Task a clearly defined trigger.
represents work with an undefined type.
PATHS A Parallel Gateway (AND) All work is atomic: cannot be split, is is repeated until a specified condition
COMPLEX END
small, & can be executed by one person. evaluates to true.
is used to model concurrent (AND) behavior. All
paths that follow the gateway are unconditional- An Error End Event
Each iteration is executed sequentially –
ly activated. This is valid for all one by one and the condition is evaluated can only be used in subprocesses to show
Task Types before or after an iteration. that the subprocess has failed and this
The gateway can be used as a merge but waits
for all paths to be completed before the outgoing problem must be resolved. An error is
flow is activated. Loops & Multi-instances can be thrown.
used on subprocesses as well
SUBPROCESSES An Escalation End Event
An Inclusive Gateway (OR) A Collapsed Subprocess An Expanded Subprocess is similar to an error end event – but in
can evaluate multiple conditions and the this case a human problem is escalated.
serves as a pointer to a group of tasks shows a grouping of tasks and/or
gateway activates all paths of which the
and/or sub-processes that must be sub-processes that must be executed to
conditions evaluate to True.
executed to achieve an intermediary achieve an intermediary result. The content
result in the process. The content of of the subprocess is shown.
As a merge this gateway has complex behavior.
the subprocess is hidden.
It activates when all incoming paths which are
active (active tokens) reach the gateway.

6 INTERMEDIATE EVENTS 7 POOLS & LANES 8 CONNECTORS 9 EXTRA

THROWING CATCHING INTERRUPTING NON-INTERRUPTING
POOL SEQUENCE FLOW ARTIFACTS
“DO” “WAIT” “LISTEN & STOP” “LISTEN & CONTINUE”
A Text Annotation

White-box Pool
Text
A Sequence Flow is a piece of documentation
shown in the diagram.
is used to connect tasks, sub-processes,
gateways and events in the same pool. A Group
A Pool is a way to visually group
Use like this Use like this elements in the model.
Use like this Use like this represents a process (white-box pool) or an external
A None Intermediate Event
participant (black-box pool). MESSAGE FLOW
shows that a certain state is reached. Black-box Pool
The process will continue without
waiting.
A Message Flow
A Message Intermediate Event A Message Intermediate Event A Message Intermediate Event A Message Intermediate Event
LANE Pool
shows communication between different
sends information to an external waits until information from an external stops the activity when the message activates an additional path if the pools. Only tasks, sub-processes, events and
Lane Lane Lane

participant. participant is received. (external information) is received. message is received during the Lanes pools can be connected
execution of the underlying task or show performers in the process.
subprocess. But that’s not all. Lanes can
A Timer Intermediate Event A Timer Intermediate Event A Timer Intermediate Event categorize tasks any way you like.
waits for a specific duration or date. stops the activity if it takes longer than activates an additional path if the task
the specified time or if the task is not takes too long (duration or date).
completed before a specific date.

An Error Intermediate Event

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An Escalation Intermediate Event An Escalation Intermediate Event A Escalation Intermediate Event
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signals a human problem. stops the subprocess if a (human) activates an additional path if a human
problem happens. problem is raised.

A Conditional Intermediate Event A Conditional Intermediate Event A Conditional Intermediate Event

waits for a specific condition to become stops the activity when a condition activates an additional path if a BPMN Fundamentals course: From zero to hero
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