BARBUTO, BARISON, CABIZZA, COSTIL, SISANI

CHINA
political system, economic system and human rights
POLITICAL SYSTEM
The Communist Party of China (CPC) plays a leadership role as it represents the overall interests of
the people, and a leadership structure based on a meritocratic system of "selecting and electing"
the best and the most competent to govern the country. Elections need to be organized,
procedures established and external interference forestalled. All these tasks are performed by the
CPC, a political institution of over 90 million members, with broad representation and popular
support, and committed to the public good.

The Chinese Constitution stipulates that the

state shall serve the people and "uphold a
fundamental economic system under which
public ownership is the mainstay and diverse
forms of ownership develop together."

 People's democracy is not only a guarantee of

people's properties, but also a series of institutions.
They range from consultative democracy in each
and every level of China's social and political life, to
the world's most extensive use of opinion surveys
on public policies, to soliciting public opinion
directly via the Internet on all major policy issues,
and to institutionalized democratic decision.

The Chinese model is not perfect, but it indeed

outperforms American democracy in many ways.
For one thing, China's top legislature, as well as the
local people's congresses, address issues of direct
Xi Jinping
concern to the general public, from medical
insurance to pension to education and
environmental protection without the intervention
of lobby groups.

 ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Today, after a social and economic transformation China is one of the world’s number one
economies. We are living in what many are now calling ‘The Chinese Century’.

China’s economy is the second-largest in the world, behind only the United States. But after three
decades of spectacular growth, China is now moving into a slower growth phase – an inevitable
result of its transition from a developing economy to a more mature, developed economy.

 Manufacturing, services and agriculture are

the largest sectors of the Chinese economy.
Since 1949, the Chinese Government
has  been responsible for planning and
managing the national  economy. But it was
only after 1978 – when Deng  Xiaoping
began market-based reforms –that growth
began  to take o . Since the introduction of
Deng Xiaoping’s economic  reforms, China
has what economists call a socialist market
economy – one in which a dominant state-
owned enterprises sector exists in parallel
w it h m a r ke t c a p it al is m a n d p r i v a t e
Deng Xiaoping ownership.
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 HUMAN RIGHTS
Human rights in China are periodically reviewed
by the UN Human Rights Committee, about
which the government of the People's Republic
of China and various foreign governments and
human rights organizations have often
disagreed.

The PRC authorities and their supporters say that

existing policies and enforcement measures are
su cient to defend against human rights
violations. However, other countries and their
authorities, such as Human Rights in China,
Amnesty International and citizens, say that
mainland Chinese authorities regularly sanction
or organize such abuses.
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“EDUCATIONAL” CENTERS
Since 2017, it is estimated that 1 million or more men and women belonging to predominantly
Muslim ethnic groups have been detained by the Chinese government in the Xinjiang Uyghur
Autonomous Region. They are taken to "educational" centers or internment camps and to
prison for the most diverse reasons including that of being an "unreliable" person; live or travel
abroad; having too many children; wearing religious clothes or having WhatsApp on your
phone.