CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 data Analysis and discussion

This chapter consists of presentation of the collection and analysis of the

data in a statistical form by using the three hypotheses are represented on
after the other as follows, Hypothesis.

HO: The health and safety concern or complain about a community

sanitation issues are not given consideration by the public.

4.1 Table

The awareness of students on the attitude of male and female students

forward health and safety concern or complain about community sanitation
issue are not given consideration.
Responses

Gender Yes No Total

Male 37 13 50

Female 32 18 50

Total 69 31 100

From the above table, the format of the table has categorized into different
categories and apparently conducted with the following illustration. The
people who were issued with the questionnaire of 100 came into conclusion
at the 37 out of 50 male students agreed with the prints that the health and
safety concern or complaint about community sanitation issue are not given
consideration by the public while remaining 18 do not agreed the sum total
of the respondents were 69 agreed with the statement of such hypothesis
while 31 does not agree with the stated point.

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Based in the above percentage we discovered that the attitude of both male
and female students forward health and safety concern or complain about
community sanitation issue are not given consideration.

Hypothesis II

HO: There are various ways to make a target forwards preventing diseases
and creating health supportive environment, there by educating the general
public on community sanitation programmes.

HO: The above statement is true

Table 4.2

Gender Yes No Total

Male 39 11 50

Female 32 18 50

Total 71 29 100

The total number of student received the questionnaire was 100, and was
divided into 5-50 ratio, to the make and female students to contend on this
point. Therefore 39 out of 50 male agree with the point while 11 not agree,
on the female side 32 out of 50 agreed while the remaining 18 do not agree
with the points.

Therefore from our percentage of the majority respondents we many accept

null hypothesis and concluded that there are various ways to make target
towards preventing diseases and creating health supportive environment.

HO: There are no specific housing regulation in our environment.

H0: the above statement is true

Table 4.3

Gender Yes No Total

Male 38 12 50
2
Female 30 20 50

Total 68 32 100

Awareness of some students on the methods to be used for specific housing

regulation in our environment.

The above statement is rarely defined by a member of students that

responded the questionnaire for an accurate analysis. The respondents of the
questionnaire were hundred 100 from both male and female by 50-50 ratio
out of 50 allocated to male 35 agreed while 12 do not agreed, while from the
females side among the 50 respondents 30 agreed while the 12 do not agree
with the statement.

From the analysis based on percentage of the total respondents from both
male and female sides we can accept null hypothesis and concluded that
there is no specific housing regulation in our environment., this research will
examine or require people to maintain their surrounding accommodation in a
safe and sanitary condition.

Appendix A

Test hypothesis

Step 1: Formulated hypothesis

HO: The Health and safety concern or complaint about a community

sanitation issues are not given consideration by the public.

HO: The above statement is true

Step II: Chose alpha (x) and degree of freedom (df) let x=0.05

Df= Cr-1) Cx-1)

Df= (c2-1) (2-1)

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Df= 1 at 0.05=3.841

Step III: State the test statistic let the statistic be x2 tables 0.05=3.841

Step IV: State decision rule null HO if 2 and cal x2 tabs 0.05=3841

Accept null HO 4 x2 cal xtab 0.05=3.841

Reflect null HO if x2 ≤ cal tab 0.05=3.841

Accept null HO 4 X2 ≤ cal tab 0.05=3.841

Step: Compute test statistics

Responses

Gender Yes No Total

Male 37 13 50

Female 32 18 50

Total 89 31 100

Formula

X2 = (ab – bc) m2

KLMN

X2 = (37-18-13x32) 2 x 100

50 x 50x69x31

X2 = (384-400) 2 x 100

5547500

X2 = 700 x 100

X2 = 0.01

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Step VI apply decision rule since X2 cal= 0.01 tab 0.05 = 3.841. Therefore
we accept null hypothesis and conclude

The health and safety concern or complaint about a community sanitation

issues are not given consideration by the public

Step VII Critical values

X2 = 0.01

0.01 3.841

Appendix B

Test of Hypothesis II

Step I formulate by hypothesis

H:: There are various ways to make a target towards preventing diseases and
creating health supportive environment, thereby educating the general public
on community sanitation programmes

HO: The above alpha (x) and degree of freedom (df)

Let = 0.05

Df= (r-1) (c-1)

Df= (2-ml) (2-1) = ixi

Df= 1 at 0.05 = 0.05 = 3.841

Step II State the test statistics let test statistic be x2 =

(ad-bc) m2

KLMN
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Step III state decision rule

Reject null HO if x2 ≤ cal X2 tab 0.05=3.841

Accept null Ha if X2 ≥ cal X2 tab 0.05=3.841

Step IV Compute test statistic

Responses

Gender Yes No Total

Male 39 11 50

Female 32 18 50

Total 21 29 100

Formulae X2 = (ad-bc) m2

KLMN

X2 = (39x18-11x32)2 x100

50x50x71x37

X2 = (824 – 378) 2 x100

65 67 500

X2 = (450) 2 x100

65 67 500

X2 = 900 x100

65 67 500

X2 = 0.01

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Step V Apply decision rule

Since X2 cal = 0.02 tab=3.841

We therefore accept null HO and concluded that there are various ways to
makes a target towards preventing disease and creating death supportive
environment. Thereby educating the general public on community sanitation
programmes

Step VI

0.02 3.841

Appendix C

Test of hypothesis

I. Fomula Hypothesis

HO: There are no specific housing regulation in our environment

H: The above statement is true

II. Chose alpha (x) and degree of freedom (df)

Let x-0.05

Let = 0.05

Df= (r-1) (c-1)

Df= (2-ml) (2-1) = LxL

III. State the statistics let test statistic be x2 =

7
(ad-bc) m2

KLMN

IV. State decision rule

Reject null HO if x2 ≤ cal X2 tab 0.05=3.841

Accept null Ha if X2 ≥ cal X2 tab 0.05=3.841

V. Compute statistic

Gender Yes No Total

Male 38 12 50

Female 30 20 50

Total 68 32 100

Formulae X2 = (ad-bc) m2

KLMN

X2 = (38x20-12x30)2 100

50x50x68x3R

X2 = (460 x 360) 2 100

54000

X2 = 400 x2x100

540000

X2 = 800 x100

544000

X2 = 80000

8
 544000

X2 = 0.02

Step VI Apply decision rule

Since X2 ≤ cal X2 tab 0.05=3.841

Therefore we accept null HA and calculate that there are no specific housing
regulation in our environments.

0.02 3.841

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 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

The research work titled general sanitation and health of Hajj Camp
residents, a case study of Hajj Camp residents of Fagge Local Government
Area of Kano State”. Is a divided into five chapters as the long essay
required.

Chapter one deals with introducing part of the project, it consist up of

introduction of the subject matter of the research, background of the study,
problems under investigation that aimed at investigating the environmental
problems. The chapter also highlighted the significance of the study so as to
show the benefit of environmental sanitation to the public health discipline,
research methodology also deals with how data of the project have been
collected and gathered. It also highlights on the scope and limitation of the
study aimed to describe the area in which the project covered and where the
limit its jurisdiction stopped at. It also contained various definitions of key
of terms in which the project laid emphasis on.

Chapter two serve as nerve centre or engine room of the research because it
contains the idea in deep that surrounded the literature of the little coined to
the project. It touched various part of public health discipline such as
environmental sanitation, environmental hygiene, pollution, diseases, slums,
ghetto etc, we related these issues to the health of hajj camp residence there
by suggesting the ways on how achieve effective public health in the area
through a proper adequate environmental sanitation.

Chapter three represent the main design adopted in the study. It is more
methodological; it clearly identified the population and estimated the sample size
through the instrument of data collection and it detailed the procedures for data
collection and analysis

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