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THE HINDU

10 Monday, October 31, 2022

Editorial Delhi

The extra-constitutional delusions of Raj Bhavan


A
tweet put out recently by the office of about the spirit of Article 163, which, in a way, is a Subhash C. Kashyap has put it pithily, “The words
the Kerala Governor evoked prologue to Article 164(1) dealing with “pleasure”. ‘during pleasure’ were, always understood to
United against terror nationwide attention for all the wrong
reasons. It said: “... the statements of
He said, “if Governors have discretion in all
matters under Article 163(1), it would be
mean that the ‘pleasure’ should not continue
when the Ministry had lost the confidence of the
India must continue to persuade others individual Ministers that lower the dignity of the unnecessary to confer on Governors an express majority; and the moment the Ministry lost the
that terrorism is a threat to humanity office of the Governor can invite action including power to act in their discretion in a few specified confidence of the majority, the Governor would
withdrawal of pleasure”. Raj Bhavan did not Kaleeswaram Raj matters (by way of Article 163(2))” (Constitutional use his ‘pleasure’ in dismissing it” (Constitutional

I
ndia’s decision to host the United Nations Se­ explicitly say that such Ministers would be Law of India, Vol.2, Universal, 1993, page 2,037). Law of India, Vol. 2., Universal, 2015, page 1,249).
is a lawyer at the
curity Council’s Counter­Terrorism Commit­ expelled. But, going by the text of Article 164(1) of Supreme Court of One finds a democratic reading of Article 164 Therefore, the Article implies that the Governor is
tee (CTC) is an important marker of the Go­ the Constitution — that the “Ministers shall hold India in the Constitution Bench judgment of the only a titular head of the State and that if the
vernment’s ongoing effort to highlight terrorism office during the pleasure of the Governor” — the Supreme Court of India in Shamsher Singh vs Cabinet has majority, the Governor cannot act
issues at a time the global body has been more fo­ indication was clear. This was made even more State of Punjab (1974). In Shamsher Singh, for the against the Cabinet.
cused on the Ukraine war. Held in Mumbai and apparent when the Governor sent a letter to the purpose of comparison, the Supreme Court
Delhi, it brought UN officials, and ministers and Kerala Chief Minister asking him to act against the extracted Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s introductory Addressing a concern
diplomats  from  all  members  of  the  Security State Finance Minister, who, according to the statement made on November 4, 1948 in the The Governor’s office has a colonial origin. The
Council (UNSC), to discuss challenges to the glo­ Governor, had “ceased to enjoy” the Governor’s Constituent Assembly, which said: “The President Government of India Act, 1858 situated the post
bal counter­terrorism architecture. In Mumbai, “pleasure”. The Chief Minister declined to do so. of the United States is not bound to accept any of Governor under the supervision of the
the spotlight was on the 26/11 attacks. Despite the advice tendered to him by any of his secretaries. Governor General. The subsequently
global nature of the terror targets, India has had There are political, constitutional facets The President of the Indian Union will be promulgated Government of India Act, 1935 was
an uphill battle since 2008 in international coop­ This unprecedented and curious gubernatorial generally bound by the advice of his Ministers. He enforced with effect from April 1, 1937. Even as
eration to pursue the case, and in bringing the gesture has political and constitutional facets. can do nothing contrary to their advice nor can per this act, Governors were to act based on the
lone surviving attacker, Ajmal Kasab, through a The Governor’s other move, in the meantime, for he do anything without their advice. The advice of the provincial Government.
full trial and execution. After a brief period of in­ ousting Vice­Chancellors of universities in the President of the United States can dismiss any The potential danger that could be posed by
formation sharing, Pakistan has dragged its feet State, alleging deficits in their appointment Secretary at any time. The President of the Indian continuation of the colonial institution was a
on  prosecuting  even  LeT  commanders  Hafiz process, is purported to be in exercise of his Union has no power to do so, so long as his matter of concern for the makers of the
Saeed, Zaki­ur­Rahman Lakhvi and others that its statutory power as Chancellor. As against the Ministers command a majority in Parliament”. Constitution. During the deliberations, H.V.
Federal Investigative Agency held responsible for Ministers, he has no such special power. He can The same principles apply to the Governors as Kamath asked if there was any guarantee against
the attacks. During the UNSC conference, the at­ only act within the bounds of the Constitution. well, since the Union Minister also holds the abuse of power by the Governor. The immediate
tendees  heard  not  only  from  victims  of  the  at­ The function of the appointed Governor is office “during the pleasure of the President” as in reaction by P.S. Deshmukh, another prominent
tacks but also voice samples of LeT recruiter Sajid always subject to the policies of the elected Article 75(2) of the Constitution. “Withdrawal of member was: “the guarantee…. is the Governor’s
Mir directing terrorists during the attacks; even government, and not vice­versa. This is a pleasure”, without advice from the Council of wisdom and the wisdom of the authority that will
so Mir, now in a Pakistani prison on terror financ­ foundational theory of India’s constitutional Ministers, as indicated by Raj Bhavan is a appoint the Governor” (Constituent Assembly
ing charges, after Pakistan’s grey­listing at the Fi­ democracy. Constitutional provisions cannot be misconception. Debates, June 2, 1949).
nancial Action Task Force mandated action, has read in isolation. Article 163(1) says that the But this romanticism of the Constitution was to
not been tried. The U.S., which has cooperated in Council of Ministers must aid and advise the A titular head be translated to a level of judicial realism and
many other ways with India on terrorism, con­ Governor. However, according to Article 163(2), Understanding the constitutional meaning of pragmatism, which the Supreme Court did in
victed  conspirators  David  Headley  and  Tahaw­ the Governor can act in his discretion in certain Article 164(1), which is different from its literal Shamsher Singh. Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer, in that
wur Rana for the attacks, but has refused to extra­ matters as permitted by the Constitution. This meaning, requires a historical reading of the judgment, and in his characteristic style, has
dite them. Meanwhile, China continues to block would mean that the Governor is generally bound provision. The draft Constitution, prepared by given the best possible response to the
designating LeT leaders on the UNSC 1267 terror by the Cabinet decision except when he has a the Constitutional Adviser in October 1947, extra­constitutional delusions of the Raj Bhavans:
list, a problem External Affairs Minister S. Jaish­
The function of
legitimate right to invoke his discretion, say, for contained Article 126, according to which, “The omnipotence of the President and of the
ankar and U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken example, in deciding on sanction to prosecute a
the appointed “Governor’s Ministers shall be chosen and Governor at State level is…. with the obvious
specifically mentioned at the conference. Cabinet Minister or in his decisions as Governor, who summoned by (the Governor) and shall hold intent that even where express conferment of
In Delhi, the CTC focus was on online radical­ Administrator of a Union Territory, as per the is bound by the office during his pleasure”. This Article, which power or functions is written into the Articles,
isation and terror recruitment, terror financing orders of the President of India, etc. Article 164, constitutional was made part of the draft of the erstwhile Article such business has to be disposed of decisively by
through crypto­currency and virtual assets, and which contains the provision relevant in the scheme, is 144, was discussed at length in the Constituent the Ministry answerable to the Legislature and,
unmanned aerial system use including drones for context of the Kerala Governor’s tweet and letter always subject Assembly. The general discretion with the through it, vicariously to the people, thus
terror strikes, transporting drugs and arms. The is inseparable from Article 163. Therefore, it Governor was taken away, and the Cabinet was vindicating our democracy instead of
deliberations  led  to  the  “Delhi  Declaration  on
to the policies
follows that unless the Cabinet or the Chief given the authority to rule. Amendment to the surrendering it to a single summit soul, whose
countering the use of new and emerging technol­ Minister advises the expulsion of a Minister, the
of the elected draft Article 144 moved by B.R. Ambedkar deification is incompatible with the basics of our
ogies for terrorist purposes”. While India has on­ Governor cannot cause the exit of a particular government, resulted in the present constitutional scheme of political architecture....”
ly two months left in its current elected tenure at Minister by “withdrawing pleasure”. and not Articles 163 and 164. So, the Constitution Bench has to prevail over
the UNSC, the Government appears to be making The jurist H.M. Seervai gave an explanation vice-versa Referring to the speech of Ambedkar, scholar the Governor’s tweet and letter.
efforts to keep up the momentum from the CTC
meet; it will host an international “No Money For
Terror”  conference  (November  18­19),  and  a
UNSC special  briefing  on  challenges  to  global
counter­terrorism  efforts  (December  15­16).  As
the Indian experience with 26/11 has shown, the
global community has often been long on state­
A check over of the U.S.’s much anticipated NSS
ments but short on cooperative action, and New
Delhi will have to keep pressing the point that ter­

T
he United States has launched its much geopolitics unilaterally. Finally, the U.S. interests purely and may not be entirely in
rorism  remains,  in  Mr.  Jaishankar’s  words, anticipated National Security Strategy modernisation sought by the U.S. is intended to sync with those of its other Indo­Pacific partners.
amongst the “gravest threats to humanity”. (NSS). All U.S. Presidents are mandated by cater to the wide­ranging demands of internal
the Goldwater­Nichols Department of Defense and external security, simultaneously. These India as partner
Reorganization Act of 1986 to bring out their NSS, capability enhancements underscore the The Biden administration’s NSS identifies India as
to communicate the executive’s vision of national recognition by the U.S. of the unprecedented both a bilateral and multilateral partner in the
A bird in the hand security to the legislative. As a comprehensive
document, the NSS reflects certainty about how
Harsh V. Pant
is Vice­President for
scale and scope of strategic competition with
China. It names China as the ‘only competitor’
Indo­Pacific, but, more importantly, its status as
the largest democracy and a major defence
Twitter under Elon Musk risks the government of the day views the national Studies at the with the capability and intent to shape the partner. As India looks to diversify and indigenise
security agenda. Alternatively, the NSS also gives international order in a fundamental way. its defence needs in the medium and long term,
deterioration in content standards the Congress an opportunity to assess the cost
Observer Research
the NSS lays out the space for partnership
Foundation

O
f all the social media behemoths today, that the country will have to bear and the areas of Outcompeting China, restraining Russia between India and the U.S. India’s partnership in
Twitter, Inc. is a curious creature. It has investments to achieve the nation’s security goals. The NSS takes both a long­term and an immediate the Indo­Pacific has been assessed as critical in
nearly 240 million “daily access” users, view of the China threat and the challenges building a “latticework of strong, resilient and
which  includes  political  and  corporate  leaders Focus on leadership and alliances emerging from Beijing. While it seeks to outline a mutually reinforcing relationships” through
besides personalities who command an immense The Biden administration’s NSS primarily focuses joint strategy to tackle external challenges for the regional partnerships such as the Quad (India,
following. Twitter’s unique selling point is its pro­ on the current decade as a ‘decisive’ one in which U.S. by out­competing China and constraining Australia, Japan the U.S.) and the I2U2 (India,
vision to not only put up 280­character messages the U.S. seeks to sustain U.S. leadership, improve Russia, it is asymmetrically tilted in its focus on Israel, the United Arab Emirates, and the U.S).
but also be a platform featuring the dissemina­ the U.S. economy, build on a vast network of Vivek Mishra threats from China despite an active war in which Mr. Biden’s NSS serves three broad purposes. It
tion of information, as breaking news, debates, alliances and partnerships; counter China as its is a Fellow at the Russia is involved. The Biden administration completes the strategic vision embarked upon by
discussion and even for the mobilisation of peo­ strategic competitor and Russia as a disruptor, Observer Research places competition with China at the centre of its the Interim National Security Strategic Guidance
ple. Yet, financially, Twitter has posted losses in and boost U.S. competitiveness and defend Foundation decadal outlook, which is increasingly global in released in March 2021; it seeks to provide further
eight out of the last 10 years, with its market value democracy. The document portrays the character and most pronounced in the clarity and direction on various policy verticals
never  managing  to  reach  the  heights  of  peers ambitious agenda of the Biden administration to Indo­Pacific region across a range of domains by the Biden administration; and, finally, it marks
such as Meta’s Facebook and Instagram or even cover a comprehensive set of transnational such as the economy, technology, development, an end to one of the most important political
Tiktok.  By  selling  the  company  to  the  world’s challenges tying the domestic with the security, global governance and diplomacy. The expectations about presidential doctrines in the
The release of
richest man, Elon Musk, for a whopping $44 bil­ international. These include climate change, food NSS is clear about the opposition to any unilateral U.S. The NSS comes just before the mid­term
lion after a few shenanigans, Twitter’s sharehol­ insecurity, pandemics, terrorism, energy the National change to Taiwan’s status by China, portending a elections in November this year and could prove
ders finally made a killing even as Mr. Musk, in his shortages and inflation. Besides, the Defense contested Indo­Pacific region between China on useful in amassing political support for President
first post­acquisition actions, fired some top exec­ administration’s NSS has considerable focus on Strategy, the one hand and a host of democratic partners on Biden and the Democratic Party by way of policy
utives. But the question on everyone’s minds is outer space security and governance. Nuclear Posture the other. Therefore, forging collective capacity clarity.
about what  might  happen  to  the  platform  as  a The NSS lays down three main fulcrums of U.S. Review and the through international partnerships and creating A critical part of the NSS is to inform the U.S.
free speech vehicle under a truly maverick own­ strategy going forward: invest; build and Missile Defense new alliances for tackling shared challenges lie at Department of Defense’s strategy, especially in
er. Mr. Musk, who has made most of his money as modernise. It seeks to invest in the “tools of the heart of the NSS. This also forms an essential the two areas of the country’s nuclear posture
Review
the owner of electric vehicle company Tesla and American power and influence” by strengthening strategy for the U.S. to synchronously compete and missile defence. As such, the NSS’s release —
spacecraft  and  exploration  venture  SpaceX, the economy at home, improving critical reinforces the with China, constrain Russia, tackle delayed by the Russia­Ukraine war — appears to
could provide business ideas that could secure infrastructure and investing in technologies such central message non­traditional threats and transnational be a timely assessment in the backdrop of the
the firm’s finances. Yet, as a Twitter user with the as microchips and semiconductors. Consistent of the Biden challenges such as climate change, Russia­Ukraine war with one of the most potent
third highest number of followers, he has been with this approach, effective October 12, the administration’s communicable diseases, food security and possibilities for the use of a nuclear weapon since
prone  to  erratic  outbursts,  silly  posturing  and Biden administration has imposed a slew of National inflation. The NSS makes a serious case for the Cuban Missile crisis (1962). The Biden
crass remarks, and frowning upon regulation by sanctions impacting the U.S. sale of Security downgraded Russian economy, military, soft administration also released the National Defense
the company of its content in the past, begging semiconductors to China as well as the ability of power and influence globally, even as it identifies Strategy, the Nuclear Posture Review and the
Strategy, which
the question whether the ownership change will U.S. citizens and residents to work in chip countries such as Japan and India to fill the Missile Defense Review last week further
lead to a deterioration in content standards. companies in China. Furthermore, the NSS seeks focuses on the emerging gaps. One such process at which the reinforcing the central message of the NSS,
Twitter,  like  other  social  media  giants,  has to build ‘the strongest possible coalition of current decade NSS hints is India’s possible integration in thereby aligning the nation’s ends, ways and
faced difficulties in ridding its platform of disin­ nations’ — a recognition of both the U.S.’s as being a important global forums such as the G7. Here, means and rounding off the arc of the national
formation,  harassment  through  trolling,  hate ambitions as well as limitations in driving global ‘decisive’ one some of the expectations in the NSS reflect the security assessment.
speech and calls for violence. Recently, it blocked
former U.S. President Trump, a popular yet in­
cendiary user, and started flagging select posts
for  misleading  content  or  propaganda.  For  In­ LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
dian users, the aforementioned challenges have
been  exacerbated  by  the  Government  seeking Defuse the Ukraine war quiet. What is intriguing is humanitarian and economic leading to even greater is at stake. There has to be
ways  to  control  content,  a  scarier  proposition, Despite India’s various Russia remaining crisis. The international tensions and the threat of a “take some give some” both
through changes to Internet intermediary rules. ‘non­aligned comments’ on continually silent when one community must bring both nuclear war. It is even more ways. Is the UN listening? 
While Mr. Musk has argued for a freer space with the Russia­Ukraine conflict, of its biggest supporters the parties to the table and appalling that there seems A.S. Srinivasan,
little regulation, he has, since his purchase, tem­ New Delhi has still to see globally has time and again solve the issue through to be no globally respected Chennai To read more letters
pered those views in favour of better and cleaner any reaction from Moscow. spoke out against the war. dialogue and diplomacy. leader who is willing to take online, scan the 
moderation of content, ostensibly to not lose ad­ Whether it was the Defence Prakul Sisodia, B. Vidhyadharini, any initiative to diffuse the On phosphorus QR code.
Secretary dialogue in which situation. Commerce, trade In the very informative Letters emailed to
vertisers wary of lending their brand to proble­ Jodhpur, Rajasthan Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu
letters@thehindu.
matic content. While it remains to be seen if this Indian Defence Minister and not so enlightened self article on banana (October co.in must carry the full postal
is merely yet another instance of Mr. Musk’s pos­ Rajnath Singh put forward The Russia­Ukraine war has The callous and careless interest seem to be 30), the reference to its address and the full name or
turing,  the  larger  question  of  whether  Twitter India’s views on the use of proved the dictum that it is attitudes on both sides of dictating the behaviour of nutritive value implies the name with initials.
will remain a relevant brand will be answered in nuclear weapons, or Prime easy to begin a war but the conflict make it obvious all top leaders. They elemental phosphorus
the manner in which the world’s richest man will Minister Narendra Modi’s difficult to end it. Coming that there is no sane leader cleverly mask their apathy (noun). The spelling what I used to tell my
treat governments and establishments in keeping comment to President on the heels of the on either side. Both sides in meaningless diplomatic “phosphorous” is when chemistry students!
reasonable  and  free  speech  intact  on  the  plat­ Vladimir Putin in pandemic, the war has have now resorted to language, little realising the used as an adjective, as in R. Wilfred Sugumar
form and not subsume it to his business interests. Samarkand, there is just caused a profound indiscriminate accusations, very existence of this planet phosphorous pentoxide — Chennai
CM M ND-NDE
YK
THE HINDU
Monday, October 31, 2022 11
Delhi
Opinion

A month before polls, what is on


the Gujarat voter’s mind?
A recent survey on governance and development in the State brings out the importance of the economic plight of the people

CSDS-LOKNITI SURVEY

W
hen Narendra
Modi entered
the national
political arena in
2013­14, he was portrayed as the
mascot of the Gujarat model of
development. Now, nearly a
decade later, do memories of
that model resonate with the
Gujarati voter? As Assembly
elections approach, do the
voters of Gujarat still take pride
in that memory?

Primary concerns
A recent survey of governance
and development in the State,
conducted by Lokniti­Centre for
the Study of Developing
Societies (CSDS), vividly brings
out the actual economic plight of
the people rather than the mere
symbolism of the Gujarat model.
Responding to an open­ended
question (where answers were
not prompted), two­thirds of the
voters spontaneously mentioned
two issues that they would
consider at the time of voting:
price rise and unemployment.
Between them, price rise was
the more commonly listed issue
with over half the respondents
mentioning it.
Five years ago, when the
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won
the Assembly elections, even
after Mr. Modi’s departure to A wall in economic situation in the State means when voters finally vote intervene in this apparently performance of the State that price rise and
Delhi, only one in seven had Ahmedabad. VIJAY in the coming election. is another question. It will take straightforward story of the government and the reporting unemployment are the most
mentioned price rise as the main SONEJI While it is not extraordinary extraordinary political skills for economy cornering the ruling on the benefits of various critical issues in the mind of the
issue. In fact, in 2017, the for voters to mention the BJP to induce the voters to party. One, while voters think of schemes reaching the voters are voters, do they choose to stick to
perception of the voters was far unemployment and/or poverty forget their main concern about price rise spontaneously, much robust. The ruling party may their native sense about the
more lacking in focus (Table 1). as their main issues, the current the economy just as it requires would depend on the menu of therefore choose to focus on economy or does the election
Today, besides half the voters concern over price rise far innovative strategies by the issues that would be offered performance to sidetrack the become much more complex
mentioning price rise and outnumbers similar concerns in Opposition to make the voters through the campaign. As Table possible negative perceptions with sociopolitical interventions
another 15% mentioning some other States that recently believe that the ruling party is 3 shows, besides economy, there about the economy. and issues taking a front seat?
unemployment, 6% also The ruling party went to the polls (Table 2). This responsible for the economic is considerable salience to the Do economic factors matter for
mentioned poverty as an issue. may choose to concern is almost uniformly felt condition. Evidence of the last idea of ‘change’ when it is An important question the common people, but take a
This takes the tally of focus on among most sections of Gujarati few elections suggest that the offered as one of the specific These subtexts lead to an back seat on election day as
economy­related issues to over society. Half the urban Opposition has failed in its issues during this election. important question. When it there are other priorities that
performance to
seven out of 10 respondents. respondents mentioned the attempts to pin the blame on the However, Hindutva too appeals comes to making a choice on determine electoral choices? 
Thus, there is every likelihood sidetrack the issue and a little over a half of ruling party for both price rise to half the respondents as an election day, what are the The answer to this question
that the ruling party in the State possible negative those in rural areas spoke of it. and unemployment and election issue. various factors that influence will largely determine the
will have a lot of explanation to perceptions about How this concern plays out convince voters of the same. The second subtext is that the voters’ choice? While surveys direction of the voters’ choice in
offer to the voters on the the economy during the campaign and what it Two subtexts are likely to overall assessment of the have indicated time and again Gujarat.

Do Gujarati voters support populist politics?


Mahashweta Jani

P
opulist  policies  in
Gujarat  have  been
part of election eu­
phoria for several decades
now. In the 1990s, Narma­
da as the jivadori (lifeline)
of Gujarat through the Sar­
dar Sarovar dam was very
much  part  of  the  election
campaigns  for  both  the
Congress  and  the  BJP.  In
Aam Aadmi Party chief Arvind Kejriwal campaigns in Ahmedabad. PTI 2012,  the  Congress’s  Ghar
nu  Ghar  scheme,  where
the party promised to pro­

A note on methodology vide affordable housing for


the urban poor and for ru­
ral  dwellers  if  it  come  to Prime Minister Narendra Modi waves at supporters in
power,  got  thousands  of Ahmedabad. PTI

T
he  findings  pre­ women standing in queue
sented  here  are to register for the housing impact  of  these  on  Guja­ the  educational  back­
from  a  survey­ scheme  before  the  elec­ rat’s  voters.  Close  to  half ground of the respondents
based  governance  study tions.  the  respondents  believe and  their  response  to  po­
conducted  in  Gujarat  by In  the  electoral  contest that  populist  policies  are pulist  policies.  With  grea­
the Lokniti programme of today,  the  scene  has necessary  to  give  relief  to ter access to education, the
CSDS,  Delhi.  The  survey changed as there is a third the common people (Table support for giving relief to
was  conducted  between party on the ground to at­ 1). Interestingly, a majority the  common  people
October  10  and  October tract  the  voters  with  pro­ of those who hold this view through populist measures
23,  2022.  A  total  of  2,135 mises  of  free  electricity, are BJP voters. Two­thirds increases. The trend clear­
voters  spread  across  80 free  education,  employ­ of those who felt that these ly  indicates  that  populist
polling  stations  in  20  As­ method.  In  each  polling latively  small,  the  total ment  for  the  youth  and  a populist  policies  are  bad policies seem to find favour
sembly  constituencies, station,  40  voters  were number  of  voters  inter­ corruption­free Gujarat. In for  the  economy  are  also among  those  with  higher
which  were  randomly  se­ randomly  sampled  from viewed  represents  the  so­ Gujarat,  the  Aam  Aadmi supporters  of  the  BJP. levels  of  education  and
lected,  were  interviewed the electoral roll using the cial reality of the voters of Party  (AAP)  is  campaign­ Thus, the BJP support base among urban respondents.
for  the  survey.  The  field SRS  method.  The  inter­ Gujarat,  i.e.  the  sample  is ing on populist policies es­ is divided on the impact of The  media  is  definitely
work  of  the  survey  was views  were  conducted truly representative of the pecially on the basis of its populist policies. one  of  the  main  tools  for
coordinated by Mahashwe­ face­to­face  at  electors’ voters  of  Gujarat  with  re­ model of Delhi and Punjab, The  AAP’s  vigorous political  parties  to  com­
ta  Jani  and  supervised  by homes by specially trained gard to social composition. focusing on subsidised and campaign revolves around municate with voters. It is
Siddhraj  Parmar  in field  investigators,  mostly In  order  to  make  correc­ free electricity and educa­ price rise and the need to clear that with the increase
Gujarat. students from various col­ tion for under­representa­ tion. The BJP, too, is seek­ give  a  chance  to  a  new in media exposure, the opi­
The  sampling  design leges  and  universities  in tion  of  any  social  groups, ing the support of the vo­ player.  It  is  important  to nions  on  populist  policies
adopted  was  multi­stage Gujarat. weights have been applied. ters on the basis of what it underscore the fact that of become more clear (Table
systematic  random  sam­ The  questionnaire  for The Lokniti team which projects as its good record those  who  felt  that  popu­ 3). Post COVID­19, at a time
pling (SRS). The Assembly the  survey  was  translated coordinated  and  analysed on  national  policies  and list policies were essential of inflation, populist polit­
constituencies  were  ran­ into  Gujarati.  The  investi­ the data comprised Vibha good governance for more for giving relief to the com­ ics as played out by the pol­
domly  selected  using  the gators  spent  a  good Attri, Jyoti Mishra, Himan­ than  two  decades  in  the mon  people,  about  one­ itical parties appear to be a
probability proportional to amount of time with each shu  Kapoor,  Rishikesh  Ya­ State.  The  Congress  too fourth supported the AAP key  factor  in  the  coming
size  method.  Thereafter, respondent  as  each  inter­ dav,  Himanshu  Bhatta­ has  included  populist and  another  one­fourth Gujarat elections.
four polling stations within view took between 20 and charya  and  Dhananjay schemes in its agenda. backed  the  Congress  (Ta­
each  of  the  sampled  As­ 25  minutes  to  be Kumar Singh.  The  Lokniti­CSDS  sur­ ble 1). Mahashweta Jani is State
sembly constituencies was completed. Sanjay  Kumar  directed vey  tried  to  look  at  these An  interesting  pattern coordinator of Gujarat for
selected  using  the  SRS Though the sample is re­ this study. populist promises and the emerges  when  we  look  at Lokniti-CSDS
CM M ND-NDE
YK
Delhi www.thehindu.com Monday, October 31, 2022
● ●

Text&Context 0
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as well as a batch of petitions challenging settlement agreement, according to affected is the newly minted Mumbai ­ trapped and crushed as the crowd surged trading session left, there is a slowdown in
the constitutional validity of the act on officials. As per the agreement signed in Ahmedabad Vande Bharat Express which into a narrow alley. Emergency workers the pace of equity selling this month. More
October 31. The 2019 law grants Indian January 2020, 37,136 Brus of 6,959 families was launched on October 1. It suffered performed CPR on people lying in the than ₹6,000 crore was invested in the last
citizenship to non­Muslim migrants. PTI  are eligible to get resettled. PTI three run­ins with cattle this month. PTI streets after the stampede. AP four trading sessions. PTI

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Why was the Miya Museum sealed?


How has a museum established by the Bengali-speaking or Bengal-origin Muslims in Assam generated controversy? Why did the BJP ask for its immediate shutdown? Is there
a rift between Assamese Muslims and Bengal-origin Muslims?

EXPLAINER THE GIST


Rahul Karmakar D
The inauguration of a museum
The story so far: showcasing the culture of

T
he  inauguration  of  a  museum Bengali­speaking Muslims in
showcasing the culture of Bengali­ Assam was sealed on October
speaking or Bengal­origin Muslims 25 after it sparked controversy.
in Assam was sealed on October 25 after it
sparked controversy. Officials said that the D
action was taken as a house allotted under The Bengal­origin Muslim
the Prime Minister’s Awas Yojana­Gramin community began promoting
scheme was converted into a museum in ‘Miya’ culture as a
violation of the rules. Leaders of the ruling counter­campaign against the
Bharatiya Janata Party say it was opened to exercise to update the National
appropriate Assamese culture and intimi­ Register of Citizens in Assam. A
date indigenous communities.  section of the indigenous
communities found this
What happened? objectionable. The BJP has
A private  centre  showcasing  the  culture allegedly been pitting
Assamese Muslims, considered
and heritage of Bengal­origin or Bengali­
indigenous, against the
speaking Muslims was inaugurated prima­
Bengali­speaking Muslims.
rily by members of the All Assam Miya Par­
ishad at Dapkarbhita in the Lakhipur circle D
of Goalpara district on October 23. They Some legislators and former
named it the Miya Museum. The Parishad Under lock and key: Artefacts from the ‘Miya Museum’ in Assam which was sealed by the local authorities. PTI
MLAs of the BJP interpreted
had  on  October  17  intimated  the  district the museum as a cultural
head about the opening of the museum. address across the Hindi and Urdu­speak­ the National Register of Citizens in Assam. inhabited by the so­called Miyas.  aggression. Chief Minister
Some legislators and former MLAs of the ing belts, ‘Miya’ is used pejoratively against This  found  expression  in  Miya  literature Himanta Biswa Sarma said the
BJP interpreted the museum as a cultural the Bengali­speaking Muslims and also to underlining the plight of migrant Muslims. How have other groups reacted? museum was a bid to
aggression  and  asked  the  government  to sift them from the Assamese Muslims who A section of the indigenous communities While distancing itself from the museum, appropriate Assamese culture.
pull it down. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa the  BJP  have  been  wooing.  The  migrant found this objectionable.  MLA and general secretary of the minori­
Sarma said the museum was a bid to ap­ Muslims form the bulk of Assam’s Muslims The issue was stoked before when sus­ ty­based  All  India  United  Democratic
propriate Assamese culture and asked the accounting  for  more  than  34%  of  the pended  Congress  MLA,  Sherman  Ali Front, Aminul Islam said that it was the hu­
local authorities to take necessary action. State’s 3.3 crore people. The BJP has alleg­ Ahmed sought a Miya Museum in the Sri­ miliation  faced  by  the  community  that
The local authorities sealed the museum edly been pitting Assamese Muslims, con­ manta  Sankaradeva  Kalakshetra,  that may  have  led  to  the  museum.  However,
after BJP’s minority morcha leader, Abdur sidered  ‘khilonjia’  (indigenous),  against showcases the cultural heritage of various the  All  Assam  Minority  Students’  Union
Rahim Gibran filed a complaint against it. the Bengali­speaking Muslims and had in ethnic groups of Assam. Mr. Sarma, then a saw the museum as a bid to polarise ahead
According  to  an  official  notice,  the  mu­ July approved the awarding of special sta­ Minister  in  the  Sarbananda  Sonowal  go­ of the 2024 Lok Sabha polls. “This was a
seum was sealed because Mohar Ali, the tus to five groups of indigenous Muslims. vernment,  said  that  he  would  not  allow pre­planned drama to stoke sentiments on
chairperson  of  the  Parishad,  had  esta­ This is in line with the BJP’s vow to protect such a museum to be set up. Ironically, Mr. both sides of the religious divide. There is
blished  the  museum,  in  violation  of  the the ‘bhumiputras’ (sons of the soil) from il­ Ahmed had cited the recommendations of no  such  thing  as  a  Miya  community  and
rules, at his house allotted in 2018 under legal  immigrants.  The  museum  was  thus the Standing Committee on Art and Cul­ most  of  the  people  behind  the  museum
the Prime Minister’s Awas Yojana­Gramin.  seen as a bid to assert the ‘Miya’ identity ture  (which  comprised  16  members  of are not migrant Muslims. Ali, who set up
and by default, intimidation to the current which six were BJP legislators) presented the museum at his house, is a Julha and Ra­
Why was there controversy? dispensation.  to the 126­member Assembly on March 24, fiqul Islam of Bagh Sena, an associate body
The genesis of the controversy lies in the 2020. The committee had proposed a mu­ of Miya Parishad, is a Deshi. So, there you
politics of polarisation in Assam fuelled by Has this happened before? seum  in  the  Kalakshetra  “reflecting  the are,” said Rejaul Karim Sarkar, the Union’s
the fear of a demographic invasion by the The Bengal­origin Muslim community be­ culture and heritage of the people living in leader. Julha and Deshi are two of the five
so­called “illegal immigrants” or “Bangla­ gan promoting ‘Miya’ culture as a counter­ the  char­chaporis  (sandbars  or  river  is­ sub­groups of Assamese Muslims that the
deshis”.  Although  a  respectable  form  of campaign  against  the  exercise  to  update lands) of Assam”. Most char­chaporis are BJP government has decided to recognise.

Are there anti-superstition


In Maharashtra, the Maharashtra THE GIST
Prevention and Eradication of Human
Sacrifice and other Inhuman, Evil and
Aghori Practices and Black Magic Act, D

laws in India?
2013 was passed after the murder of Chilling details of the killings of
anti­superstition activist Dr. Narendra two women in Kerala have
Dabholkar. Rajasthan enacted the sparked a debate about the
Rajasthan Prevention of Witch­Hunting prevalence and power of
Act in 2015 to “provide for effective superstitious beliefs in society.
Are killings and deaths due to superstitious beliefs, black magic and sorcery still prevalent in the country? Is measures to tackle the menace of
witch­hunting and prevent the practice of D
there a pan-India law which deals exclusively with such occult-inspired activities? witchcraft.”  As per the 2021 report of the
The Assam Witch Hunting (Prohibition, National Crime Records Bureau
Sumeda (20), followed by Madhya Pradesh (18) acts to aid this identification can face a jail Prevention and Protection) Act, 2015, (NCRB), six deaths were linked
and Telangana (11). Kerala saw two cases term of up to three months, or a fine of which received the President’s assent in to human sacrifices, while
The story so far: of human sacrifice. In 2020, India saw 88 ₹1,000, or both. A similar law was passed 2018, prohibits witch hunting completely. witchcraft was the motive for
68 killings in the country.

T
he brutal murders of two women deaths due to witchcraft and 11 died as in Jharkhand in 2001 — the Prevention of “No person shall identify, call, stigmatise,
as part of “ritualistic human part of ‘human sacrifices’, the NCRB Witch (Daain) Practices Act.  defame or accuse any other person as D
sacrifices” in the Pathanamthitta report states.  Even though Chhattisgarh is one of the witch by words, or by signs or indications
district of Kerala have left the country in worst­affected States in terms of or by conducts or actions or any other In the absence of a nationwide
shock. Chilling details of the killings have What are the laws in India? witchcraft­related crimes, the State manner or instigate, aid or abet such an legislation, a few States have
sparked a debate about the prevalence of In India, there is no central law that enacted the Chhattisgarh Tonahi (witch) act or commit witch hunting,” the law enacted laws to counter
superstitious beliefs, black magic and exclusively deals with crimes related to Pratadna Nivaran Act only in 2005. As per states.  witchcraft and protect women
from deadly ‘witch­hunting’.
sorcery in Kerala. In the absence of a witchcraft, superstition, or occult­inspired the law, a person convicted for identifying The latest law was passed in Karnataka
comprehensive law to counter such acts, activities. In the absence of a nationwide someone as a witch can be sentenced to where the Karnataka Prevention and
the call for a strict anti­superstition law legislation, a few States have enacted laws up to three years of rigorous Eradication of Inhuman Evil Practices and
has grown louder. to counter witchcraft and protect women imprisonment with a fine.  Black Magic Act, 2017 came into effect in
from deadly ‘witch­hunting’.  Following the directions of the Odisha January 2020 after it was notified by the
Are such killings common? Bihar was the first State to enact a law High Court to frame a law to deal with BJP government— which initially opposed
As per the 2021 report of the National to prevent witchcraft, identification of a rising cases of witch­hunting in the State, it when it was the Opposition party. The
Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), six deaths woman as a witch and“eliminate torture, the Odisha Prevention of Witch­Hunting law bans several practices related to black
were linked to human sacrifices, while humiliation and killing of women.” The Bill was passed by the Assembly in 2013. magic and superstition, like forcing a
witchcraft was the motive for 68 killings. Prevention of Witch (Daain) Practices Act The bill provides penalties for a witch person to walk on fire at religious festivals
The maximum number of witchcraft came into force in October 1999. Anyone doctor, or a person claiming to be a black and the practice of piercing rods from one
cases were reported from Chhattisgarh who identifies a person as a “witch” and magician.  side of the jaw to the other. 
CM M ND-NDE
YK
THE HINDU
Monday, October 31, 2022 13
Delhi
Text&Context
CACHE

KNOW YOUR ENGLISH

There isn’t
enough room
to swing a cat
here!
The speaker is apparently an
eminent professional but since I
was not sure about their gender, I
addressed the letter with ‘Mx’ 

S. Upendran

What is the meaning and origin of
‘not enough room to swing a cat’? (R.
Harini, Trichy)
This relatively old expression is seldom
heard nowadays. When you use this
idiom to describe the apartment that your
friend is staying in, what you are
suggesting is that the place is very small; it
is very cramped. When you say there was
GETTY IMAGES hardly any room in the stadium to swing a
cat, what you mean is that the place was
packed; it was very crowded.

Mark Zuckerberg’s metaverse buffers as You’re supposed to be the Vice President
of the company. Look at your office.
There’s not enough room to swing a cat.

Meta shares burn
There are several theories about the
origin of this expression. Many scholars
claim that the ‘cat’ in the expression
refers to a whip and not the animal. The
whip was called “cat o’ nine tails” which
The real challenge with Zuckerberg’s idea of the metaverse, which is to stitch together disparate digital worlds into one single tapestry, is that it still in everyday conversation was reduced to
‘cat’. It was mainly used to flog people. If
remains a niche offering, unlike his foray into social media which was a problem waiting to be solved you wish to hurt someone with a whip,
you need to take a big swing with it; you
need to take the whip back. This is not
John Xavier Frances Haugen and her allegations on Intelligence, the metaverse could be an idea of a virtual world seeing gadget. possible if the place you are in is small or
how Facebook contributed to harms $800 billion opportunity by the end of About the expensive goggles, a New York cramped — if it is, it doesn’t allow you to

T
he early 90s ushered in the ranging from misinformation on the 2024. But the cost of transition for Times reviewer wrote, “Yes, the best [VR swing the ‘cat’. Another theory put
Internet era which enabled platform to impacting teenagers’ mental Facebook was high, as it blew $10 billion headset] is already here, and has been for forward is that the cat in the idiom is
people to access content health, the social media firm said it was in its Reality Labs division to build the quite some time.” And its use case indeed an animal. In the past, a live cat
remotely from the world wide moving on to the next big thing in tech: business of the metaverse. In January, for continues to be confined to gaming. was swung by its tail, and archers were
web. In the initial days, to do so, they had metaverse. The company’s plan was to the first time when Meta revealed the asked to shoot at it. The poor animal was
to set up a dial­up connection. The stitch together disparate digital worlds numbers for its hardware division, which A solution waiting for a problem used for target practice.
network used to take a few minutes to into one single tapestry. In fact, Facebook includes the Oculus VR headsets, it Meta investors are unhappy as they see
load before a local computer could access was already making investments in virtual showed a drop in quarterly profits by as the company’s boss diving deeper and What is the difference between
a public switch telephone network. Once reality (VR) as early as 2014, long before much as 8% in the three months ending in deeper into the metaverse without a clear ‘imminent’ and ‘eminent’? (L. Uday,
a connection was established, people the company got involved in the December, compared to a year earlier. path for return on investments. This has Hyderabad)
could browse ‘the net’ and access largely Cambridge Analytica scandal. With the $2 At that point, the company was also already sent the stock down by over 60% The two words consist of three syllables
text­based content. Loading a web page billion acquisition of Oculus, the social buffeted by a change in Apple’s iOS this year. The company’s market value each, and the stress in both is on the first
with a dial­up connection would take a media company was gearing up to software that made it hard for Facebook has collapsed by a whopping $676 billion, syllable. The words are pronounced
while. At times, you could make a cup of become the world leader in immersive VR to sell targeted ads. The high cost of removing it from the ranks of the 20 ‘IM­i­nent’ and ‘EM­i­nent’ respectively;
tea and return to your computer monitor, tech. At that point, Oculus had already switching to the metaverse and the effect largest U.S. companies, according to a they both come from the Latin ‘minere’
and the page might still be only half­way built strong interest among developers of the iPhone maker’s software changes report by Bloomberg.  meaning ‘to project’. ‘Eminent’ is mostly
ready. The process of loading the and had received over 75,000 orders for made the transition difficult for the social The real challenge with Zuckerberg’s used with people; it suggests that the
webpage to show content is called development kits of its Oculus Rift media company. Investors were not idea of the metaverse is that it still individual is well known or famous. The
‘buffering’. It simply meant that the headsets. These headsets were however, happy as stocks tumbled nearly to a fifth remains a niche offering, unlike his foray word can also be used with someone who
to­be­displayed data is being pre­loaded largely used for VR­specific gaming. during after­hours trading. The into social media, which was a problem is highly regarded or respected in a
in a certain area of the computer’s company’s shares have been down since waiting to be solved. When he built the particular profession.
memory. Facebook co­founder Mark Expensive transition then. In June, Zuckerberg briefly spoke social network from his Harvard dorm The eminent scientist that the news
Zuckerberg’s metaverse adventure is in Zuckerberg’s vision of a metaverse was far about challenges in building a VR headset room, it was the product for a time when channels are talking about is my cousin.
some ways similar to the roughly grander and partly stemmed from Neal as it required addressing retinal people wanted to find newer ways to stay ‘Imminent’, is normally used to suggest
three­decades old dial­up modem. His Stephenson’s three­decade old novel projection, depth perception and high connected as they travelled farther away that something is about to happen — and
version of the metaverse seems to be Snow Crash in which the protagonist goes dynamic range (HDR) imaging. He moved from each other. With the metaverse, it that something, is not always good.
currently buffering. back and forth between dystopian Los on to note that Meta would ‘soon’ roll out feels like a solution looking for a problem. According to the weather forecast,
Angeles and a digital world. To make that a headset capable of projecting In a parallel to the dial­up modem days, flooding is imminent.
Manufacturing virtual reality vision a reality, the company has been holographic images. Three months later, the metaverse is buffering, and it is
About a year ago, in an effort to push doubling down on investments in VR. on October 11, he unveiled a $1,500 VR unclear in what shape or size the page Is the title ‘Mx’ used with a man or a
away the spotlight from whistle­blower According to estimates by Bloomberg headset that was nowhere close to his will load. woman? (R. Sudhesh, Bengaluru)
It can be used with both men and
women. Unlike ‘Mr’, ‘Mrs’ and ‘Miss’,
‘Mx’ (pronounced like the word ‘mix’) is a
gender­neutral title. When you see a letter
THE DAILY QUIZ Please send in your answers to
dailyquiz@thehindu.co.in addressed to ‘Mx. Rao’, you don’t really
know if the individual is a man or a

The web series House of the Dragon (HotD) completed its first season woman. When this title is used, only the
last name of the individual is included. 
There’s a letter addressed to Mx.
this week. Here’s a quiz on the fictional TV adaptation of George R. R. Chaudhary.
upendrankye@gmail.com
Martin’s epic fantasy book Fire and Blood
X Queen Alicent, in the series go on Questions and Answers to the October 28
QUESTION 1 to acquire the largest living edition of the daily quiz: 1. This African country
The series features an order of dragon during the events called boasts the highest representation of women in
professional “healers”, scientists, the “Dance of the dragons”. Parliament. Ans: Rwanda
scholars and messengers called, Name the dragon and the 2. This country has women representation in the
“maesters”. Where in the Targaryen it is bonded to, during legislature to the tune of 53%, despite no
continent of Westeros are the this period. mandated quota. Ans: Cuba
maesters headquartered and X 3. This freedom fighter went on to become the first
which feudal house rules the city QUESTION 4 elected woman Parliamentarian in the Lok Sabha.
hosting it? The answer to Question 3 was Ans: Annie Mascarene
X ridden by a Targaryen queen 4. This seven-time woman MP spearheaded the
QUESTION 2 during King Aegon’s conquest of demand for 33% reservation for women in Indian
Queen Alicent, according to the Westeros. Name her. Parliament. Ans: Geeta Mukherjee from the
web series, wears green during X Communist Party of India
princess Rhaenyra’s wedding, as QUESTION 5 5. This MP is currently the youngest serving MP in
a gesture symbolising her The answer to Question 4 also India. Ans: Chandrani Murmu
original House’s use of the wielded the Valryian steel sword Visual: This nominated MP is also a renowned
colour green for what occasion? named “Dark Sister”. Who gets to classical dancer. Ans: Sonal Mansingh For feedback and suggestions for
X wield it during the events that X Early Birds: Rudra Kant Mishra| Srinidhi Text & Context, please write to
QUESTION 3 happen in the House of the Kings’ Landing, the capital city of the kingdoms of Westeros was filmed at Kavirayani| Manoj K. Ghorela| K. N. Viswanathan letters@thehindu.co.in
The greens, those owing Dragon? And who bestowed it Dubrovnik in the Game of Thrones. This modern-day city in Spain (pictured Compiled by: Srinivasan Ramani with the subject ‘Text & Context’
allegiance to the faction led by upon him? above) is where it was filmed for HoTD. Name it. WIKIMEDIA COMMONS
CM M ND-NDE
YK
4 . bl . think
CHENNAI

businessline.
MONDAY ­ OCTOBER 31 ­ 2022

Don’t blame oil
In particular, non­petroleum exports
Biswajit Dhar expanded by a mere 6 per cent during
KS Chalapati Rao April­September 2022, as compared to
the overall export growth of 17 per cent.
MONDAY ­ OCTOBER 31, 2022 This under­performance of

O for rising CAD
pinions have been divided non­petroleum exports is the major
on whether the Indian malaise afflicting India’s external sector. 

Going for gold  economy had fully
recovered from the
Covid­induced downturn
As regards services trade, in
April­August 2022­23, exports expanded
slower than imports a year­on­year
by the end of fiscal year 2021­22. Yet, STRUCTURAL FLAW. India is basically basis. Though not an immediate source
EGRs will have to surmount structural hurdles there has been a consensus that the of concern, persistent slow growth of
country’s external sector had ended on a import­dependent. Rising CAD is best bridged through services exports could hasten India’s
high as exports of goods and services higher exports, rather than FDI flows rapidly deteriorating balance of goods
were booming. and services trade. These trends do not
ndia is the second largest consumer of gold in

I the world and its households sit on a large
hoard of bullion by way of savings. Thus, it
makes eminent sense for our policymakers to try to
onshore spot bullion trading, so that domestic gold
Since the beginning of calendar year
2021, merchandise exports were on a
steep upward curve with both
agriculture and manufacturing
contributing to the surge. High
technology sectors provided the boost
augur well for the country’s current
account deficit (CAD), which was well
within the comfort zone of 1.5 per cent
of GDP in Q4 FY22, and had worsened to
2.8 per cent in Q1 FY23. This was within
touching distance of 3 per cent of GDP,
can be monetised and local buyers play an active role to manufacturing exports, promising generally considered as the redline by
the much­needed diversification to the the RBI. By the end of Q2 FY23, the CAD
in setting bullion benchmark prices. Securities and export basket. This all­round expansion is likely to worsen further as the deficit
Exchange Board of India’s (SEBI) new framework catapulted exports to a record high of of trade in goods and services, its largest
for investors to swap their physical gold into $421 billion. component, had increased from $37
Services exports, too, touched a billion at the end of Q1 2022­23 to $63
exchange­tradeable Electronic Gold Receipts record $255 billion during 2021­22. This billion within the next two months.
(EGRs) is aimed at this. SEBI seems to have put in export growth was driven by sectors that
considerable effort into fleshing out operational have fashioned India’s emergence as a FDI NO REMEDY
major exporter of services, including It has often been advocated that CAD
details for EGR trading after its discussion paper telecommunications, and information should ideally be financed by non­debt
last year. But past attempts at encouraging spot gold services. creating forms of foreign inflows, among
trading have been held up by structural Booming exports brought two which, foreign direct investment (FDI)
significant pluses for the economy. First, is the most favourable. However, a closer
imperfections in the gold market and the mindset of global markets provided the trigger for examination of the dynamics of FDI
retail buyers. EGRs will need to surmount those very the economic recovery during a phase inflows during 2021­22 gives rise to
same barriers to take off. when domestic demand was low. questions as to whether FDI can be
Secondly, in 2021­22, India’s current relied on as a medium­term palliative for
To minimise costs involved in setting up account deficit (CAD) was just 1.2 per the CAD.
a new ecosystem, SEBI has allowed EGRs to cent of GDP despite imports of both In 2021­22, while gross FDI inflows
goods and services reaching record into India were $84.8 billion,
piggyback on existing stock market levels, of $613 billion and $147 billion, disinvestment, or repatriation of FDI
infrastructure. Investors have been allowed respectively. Even with fiscal deficit was $28.6 billion; in other words, net
to use their stock demat and depository staying well above the FRBM target, a inflows were $56.2 billion. The RBI
accounts to transact in EGRs. Depositories reasonably low CAD meant that informs us that during 2021­22,
macroeconomic management was not outflows on account of direct
and clearing corporations handling shares seriously challenged by the “twin investment income, or dividends and
have been tasked with facilitating EGR deficit” problem. other forms of income that foreign
trades. Risk management norms detailing However, during first half of FY23, direct investors extract from the
settlement and margining rules for EGRs India’s external sector was in less well country, totalled $37 billion. 
off, with a 96 per cent year­on­year surge Furthermore, outflows due to
are in place too. To handle the physical gold in merchandise trade deficit at $148 payments for intellectual property,
dealings inherent to EGRs, SEBI has billion. Contributing to this high trade Russia­Ukraine conflict, the average of fact that Russia’s share in India crude oil largely on account of the trademarks and
mooted a new class of intermediaries ­­ imbalance was the slowing of three crude oil spot prices, namely, imports has increased from 6 per cent in patents owned by the foreign companies
vault managers ­­ who will register with it merchandise exports and the consistent Dated Brent, West Texas Intermediate, April to over 15.6 per cent in September. operating in India, was $9.0 billion.
and take on the onus of exchanging, rise in imports.  and the Dubai Fateh had increased by 33 In other words, concerns about India’s Thus, if these outflows are factored in,
During April­September 2022, per cent, but during March­September external sector have coincided with foreign direct investors’ contribution to
verifying, storing and safekeeping the merchandise exports increased by 17 per 2022, prices fell by 19 per cent. relatively lower crude prices. hard currency inflows into India during
deposited gold. The success of EGRs thus cent and imports by 39 per cent Moreover, since the conflict, India has This implies that higher merchandise 2021­22 was a mere $10.2 billion.
hinges on the willingness of gold market year­on­year. More significantly, in been buying Russian oil at a discounted imports in recent months reflect the Importantly, India’s policymakers
intermediaries to empanel as vault September 2022, export growth had price, which has provided a cushion to woes of an import­dependent economy. have been well aware of the limitations
dropped to 5 per cent, while imports had cope with the bull run in the crude oil In fact, two of the three top exports from of FDI. For instance, the RBI Annual
managers. But the Rs 50 crore minimum expanded by nearly 9 per cent. market. India, — petroleum products and gems Report of 2016­17 had remarked,
net worth and onerous KYC and It can be argued that the increase in The accrued benefit could be and jewellery — have large dependence “robust FDI inflows which were at the
record­keeping obligations may prove a imports that caused the widening of substantial as can be gleaned from the on imported raw materials.  forefront in financing CAD in the
deterrent. Only a couple of vault managers trade deficit was inevitable due to sharp So is the case of several other export previous three years, entail servicing
rise in crude oil prices following Russia’s sectors, including pharmaceuticals and through higher income payments which
have so far registered with SEBI. Whether invasion of Ukraine. However, two Under­performance  of electronic goods. Rising imports have, could have implications for CAD”.
this enabling ecosystem will suffice to factors need be highlighted here. First, non­petroleum  exports thus, become inevitable due to the Clearly, the government should work
generate retail interest in EGRs also besides the rising crude oil import bill, structural characteristics that the Indian towards an effective solution for the
remains to be seen. In India, past attempts imports of several other commodities, is  a  major  malaise  afflicting economy has acquired over the past chronic CAD by improving export
to monetise bullion have been tripped up by including fertilisers, textile fabrics and India’s  external  sector, three decades, during its global competitiveness of India’s producers.
coal also saw sizeable expansion. economic integration. But while its
the doubtful caratage of gold held as Second, during the six months growing  just  6  per  cent imports have risen, India’s exports have Dhar is Professor, JNU; and Rao is Senior Research
household jewellery. To ensure standard (August 2021­Feb 2022) preceding the during  April­Sept  2022  not responded adequately. Fellow, Academy of Business Studies, Delhi
quality, vault managers are required to only
accept gold of 995 or 999 purity from
DGFT­nominated importers, accredited

Drones: Giving farmers the wings to fly 
gold refiners or empanelled assayers. The
required haircuts may erect barriers in the
way of retail investors seeking to exchange
their household jewellery or bars for EGRs.
The consumer’s reluctance to melt down This technology can help in pesticide application, foster farm research and help build linkages with agri processing sector 
her jewellery for assaying and the lack of
adequate gold assaying centres are key Israel where AI­enabled drones are used
reasons why earlier gold monetisation reduce cost of application by 20 per cent for mapping plots, assessing crop
Parul Jain and also mitigate health hazards of damage, and even plucking only ripe
schemes didn’t take off. manual work, thereby promoting apples.
For EGR trading to gain popularity,
T
he much­anticipated PM Kisan precision agriculture. A dedicated research fund and a
investors should also see significant merit Samman Sammelan held in Drones enable data collection and ‘sandbox’ or ‘green microcosm’ should
in owning gold through this route, rather October brought together over resource efficient nutrient application. be provided to the private players.
13,500 farmers, 1,500 agri start­ups, This data facilitates crop production Eighty five per cent of Indian farmers
than through popular paperless options other stakeholders.  forecast, and evidence­based planning. are small and marginal landholders,
such as gold Exchange Traded Funds or At the conference, Prime Minister The government can announce relief while drones cost between ₹1 lakh and
sovereign gold bonds. Here the multiple Narendra Modi highlighted initiatives packages for farmers in time, leading to ₹10 lakh. As per author’s calculations,
layers of costs associated with EGRs may like Kisan Rail, DBT transfers, Soil better sowing, irrigation and harvesting drone acquisition will increase cost of
Health Cards, e­NAM, and neem coating cycles. With drones, government cultivation by 45 per cent despite
prove a sticking point. Apart from the of urea, that have adopted, integrated initiatives like Per Drop More Crop will productivity gains. 
brokerage and Securities Transaction Tax DRONES: Farm potential
and scale­up technology in agriculture. improve and water use inefficiency in To address this, FPOs and custom
to be levied on every EGR transaction, Another such revolutionary technology irrigation will decline.  objective and standardised data on crop hiring centres should be encouraged to
owners of EGRs are expected to foot the bill to add to farmers’ prosperity and quality, food processing industries will buy and loan them to the farmers for a
for storage and delivery charges incurred by dignity, is drones.  STREAMLINING SCHEMES procure from farmers at better prices. nominal fee. The Ministry provides
World Economic Forum (WEF) in its Second, drones’ data integrated with Agri­exports will also increase with subsidies in the range of 40­60 per cent
vault managers and GST, if they convert latest report stated that drones have the GIS and Google Earth satellite images technology­supporting compliance with for the cost of drones.
EGRs into physical gold. It is these aspects potential to be the harbinger of will eventually streamline schemes like global standards.  However, as per an ICAR report, India
that may need ironing out by SEBI and the “technology­led transformation” of PMFBY by aiding crop cutting The need is to scale up drone use in faces challenges due to weather
Centre, for the EGR initiative to strike gold. Indian agriculture.  experiments, crop­loss estimation, agriculture sector from the present dependency of drones, improper
In India’s $600 billion agriculture insurance determination and dispute 10,000 aerial vehicles. Civil military internet connectivity across farms,
sector, they are currently used for resolution.  engagement should be promoted to unskilled end user, and potential for
pesticide and nutrient application, Third, with drones, agri­research will realise gains from cross­industry misuse. This should be addressed. 
mapping water spread area, sampling become “highly customised and application of drones. 
OTHER VOICES.  water, mapping macrophyte infestation
etc. As per WEF, drone usage could
localised”. Finally, drones can capture
backward and forward linkages. With
Consultations may be held with
experienced strategic partners like
The writer is an IES Officer, in Ministry of Agriculture
and Farmers’ Welfare

BELOW THE LINE 
Climate crisis: no end in sight
The world is falling into an “abyss of risk”, said Prof Johan Rockström of with the mammoth filtering exercise, Many CCI observers, however, see an event on data and technology in Politics and marriage 
the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. Reports while keeping all sides happy, for the this as a stopgap arrangement and Capital Market as to how the market The buzzword in Andhra Pradesh
published by three UN agencies all point to the failure of governments to final ticket allocation.  contend that the Centre is still regulator has been dealing with politics now is the issue of marriage.
make – and keep – sufficient commitments to ensure that global Cut from crop aggregators unable to decide on the right person ‘insider trading’ among undesignated The ruling YSR Congress Party
temperatures will not rise by more than 1.5C above pre­industrial levels. Aggregators of crops and start­ups for the job. But even after appointing family persons! criticism of Jana Sena Chief and
This is the worst possible news, and arrives just a week before this year’s that buy from farmers and supply to Verma as Acting Chairperson, there One such interesting effort — she Actor Pawan Kalyan is aimed at his
round of climate talks, Cop27, is due to open in Egypt.  LONDON, OCTOBER 28 buyers, particularly private firms is no necessary quorum (at least disclosed — is how SEBI is cracking personal life and his three marriages.
such as Reliance or Adanis or three are needed) to take decisions down on people who moved from While Kalyan is legally clean as he
BJP leader BL Santosh Spencer’s are facing problems in and ensure M&A deals don’t get using their own name to their followed the process of obtaining
Jharkhand and Bihar. A little bird says delayed. parents’ name to even their ‘behnoi’ divorce in previous marriages, the
BJP’s selection worries employees of such private firms seek Now the buzz is that Rameshwar (brother­in­law)’s name to indulge in issue has snowballed into a
In the poll­bound Gujarat, BJP has a a “cut” to buy from the aggregators.  Prasad Gupta, a 1987 batch IAS insider trading! “The trend of using politico­moral issue with his
“problem of plenty”. For the However, procurement and sales in officer of Gujarat cadre and former ‘behnois’ for internal trading became opponents alleging “threat and
Facebook Does a Faceplant upcoming Assembly polls, the ruling the north­eastern and other eastern Secretary of Environment Ministry, is popular”, said Buch with a chuckle.  insult” to women. 
How the Meta has fallen. Who would have predicted a year ago that Exxon party is said to have received States far easier. front runner for the CCI Chairman’s At the IIM Bangalore event, she The actor’s response that people
Mobil’s market value would be nearly double that of the company formerly requests from a whopping 10,000 CCI still without quorum! post. Now even CCI insiders are noted as to how SEBI started could marry more than once as long
known as Facebook? Certainly not the antitrust regulators who sued to break ticket­aspirants to the 182­seat The Centre may have appointed CCI keeping their fingers crossed on tracking call Data records with as they adhered to the law added fuel
up Mark Zuckerberg’s alleged monopoly. Meta’s stock took a 23% dive this Assembly. Member Sangeeta Verma as Acting when the stalled CCI work will similar sounding surnames on to the fire with the State's Women's
week after its third­quarter earnings report showed slowing growth in social BJP had decided to give 25 per cent Chairperson of the Competition resume, especially on M&A deal suspicious cases.  Commission issuing a notice to the
media and mounting losses at its virtual­reality division. The company’s market of tickets to new faces, which has watchdog for three months from approvals.  Message: You can’t hide your actor on his comments. The final
value has fallen $655 billion this year, which knocked it out of the list of top 25 ignited hopes among party workers. October 25, when Chairperson Insider ‘family’ trading ‘behnoi’ from SEBI’s watchful eyes verdict by the voters will be given in
companies in the world by market capitalization.  NEW YORK, OCTOBER 29 Central leader, BL Santosh is tasked Ashok Kumar Gupta had retired.  SEBI chief Madhabi Buch shared at any more. next year’s elections. Our Bureaus

Published by Nirmala Lakshman at Kasturi Buildings, 859 & 860, Anna Salai, Chennai­600002 on behalf of THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD., and Printed by Ra Babu Vijay at Plot B­6 & B­7, CMDA Industrial Complex, Maraimalai Nagar, Chengleput Taluk, Kancheepuram Dist., Pin: 603209. Editor: Raghuvir Srinivasan (Editor responsible for selection of news under the PRB Act).  ISSN 0971 ­ 7528

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Volume XXIX Number 140

Climate responsibility
NEW DELHI | MONDAY, 31 OCTOBER 2022

Conflicting businesses
Elon Musk’s other interests may affect Twitter
India should assert the principles of liability and fairness as the tries will grow to meet their social and development

C
an Elon Musk deliver higher standards of free expression and better needs”. By the start of the millennium, the large
content moderation on Twitter and turn it into “a digital town square basis for climate action ILLUSTRATION: AJAY MOHANTY
increase in emissions from a fast-growing China
where a wide range of beliefs can be debated” as he claims? Or, will changed the dynamics of climate diplomacy. Two
he be subject to intolerable pressure to remove content critical of major modifications took place and have been
reflected in the Paris Agreement. First, the distinc-
various governments, for fear of punitive action targeting Tesla, Starlink, and
tion between developed and developing countries
SpaceX — the larger businesses he also controls? While Mr Musk has talked was diluted and, second, globally negotiated com-
about free speech, his interests will make it hard to sequester the social media mitments gave way to voluntary pledges.
platform from his other businesses, and to resist governmental pressures to Unfortunately, there is no standard set for how
selectively censor Twitter. Moreover, if there is substance to claims that he substantial these voluntary pledges should be.
intends big layoffs, the platform might be hard put to take on potential com- Attempts at relating them to each country’s histori-
petition from newcomers like Bluesky, the decentralised social network recently cal emissions have not been accepted. Yet the duty
launched by Twitter founder, Jack Dorsey. Bluesky has functionalities some- of each country should at least be to leave enough

A
what similar to Twitter while being decentralised. few days from now the 27th Conference of The primary determinant of climate change is space for others, given what cumulative emissions
Several other interesting developments happened last week as Mr Musk took Parties (COP27) to the UN Framework the cumulative carbon emissions. Hence one way of can be to stay within the globally agreed tempera-
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) assigning financial responsibility should be the ture goal of 1.5 degree centigrade.
charge as “Chief Twit” (as his Twitter bio describes him). Some senior managers
will take place in Sharm-al-Sheikh, a pleasant sea cumulative emissions of carbon by each country till The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
including chief executive Parag Agrawal have unceremoniously left. The US press resort in Egypt. Two issues may play an important the net zero date. Taking 1990, when the threat of (IPCC) has estimated the carbon emissions from
is citing documents claiming Mr Musk told investors about plans to cut Twitter’s role in COP27 — further commitments on global climate change was formally recognised and the 2020 to global net zero should be limited to 500 bil-
workforce by 75 per cent. Mr Musk was ultimately forced to acquire Twitter for responsibility for loss and damage compensation UNFCCC process launched, as the starting point, the lion tonnes for a 50:50 chance of staying below a
$44 billion, the price he offered in April. He seemed reluctant to follow through and some acceleration of commitments on mitiga- global total of cumulative carbon emissions would temperature increase of 1.5 degree centigrade, after
after making the offer, accusing Twitter of understating the number of “bots” tion actions that have already been announced. be around 1.8 trillion tonnes. A very rough estimate taking into account the likely emission of green-
masquerading as humans. Complicated legal manoeuvres followed. It is unusual The key lies in the term “common but differen- of the cost of coping with loss and damage manage- house gases other than carbon dioxide. Taking into
for the target company to force the acquirer to buy it, as happened in this instance. tiated responsibility”, enshrined in the UNFCCC. ment is $1-1.8 trillion. So one can assume that at pres- account the number of person years of global pop-
The deal mechanics are complicated and may in themselves set up conflicts of The word “responsibility” can be understood in ent it appears that the liability for loss and damage ulation during these three decades, the permissible
interest. Mr Musk has invested $27-28 billion of his own cash. He sold Tesla shares this context in two ways. The first is responsibility compensation could be $.5-1 per tonne of carbon average per capita per year emission over this period
as liability for the damage inflicted on others, an emission. This liability is quite distinct from the is 1.8 tonnes of carbon dioxide. This should be the
worth $15.5 billion to part-fund the stake. That’s roughly 12 per cent of his net
interpretation that is most relevant for the dialogue agreed commitment, which at present is grossly goal of emission-reduction plans of major emitters.
worth. He also raised money from an investor list including Oracle founder Larry
on loss and damage. The second inadequate to provide finance for The pace of reduction will depend on the
Ellison, Qatar’s sovereign wealth fund, and multiple investment banks. Saudi meaning relevant in the climate mitigation and adaptation. In fact, announced targets for 2030, and beyond that it will
Arabia’s sovereign wealth fund is the second-largest shareholder. action context is responsibility as given the recent assessment that we depend on the rate at which decarbonisation initia-
Mr Musk claims to be a free-speech absolutist and he’s proposed a Twitter duty. Since climate change affects are on a temperature-growth track, tives like renewable and nuclear energy, electrification
“content moderation council” with “widely diverse viewpoints”. But Twitter every country in the world, all have which will take us beyond the of transport or its conversion into green hydrogen,
must live with local rules and regulations everywhere. India, for example, has a duty to act and the global agree- agreed goals, it suggests that the and carbon capture and storage are implemented.
just released the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital ment has to focus on a fair way of financing of loss and damage is even The actuals will tend to be in between two guessti-
Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2022, which significantly tightens rules assigning this duty. more important than support for mates — one based on equal absolute reductions and
for social media. Whatever Mr Musk’s personal inclinations, Twitter cannot The loss and damage, which is mitigation and adaptation. the other on equal percentage reductions from 2030
afford to get confrontationist if governments do selectively crack down on content relevant for responsibility as liabil- Given the uncertainty about the to the target net-zero date. On this basis, as against
ity, involves the impacts of climate cost estimates and the fact that the desirable average level of 1.8 tonnes per capita per
since his other businesses are hostages to fortune. Tesla has factories in multiple
change that are not avoided by miti- NITIN DESAI much of the loss and damage will year, the emissions of the USA will amount to five-
locations, including China, where Twitter is banned. It sells cars in at least 30 gation, adaptation, and other meas- take place well into the future, the seven tonnes, of China four-six tonnes, of the EU and
countries, with China as its second-largest market. It is also looking to set up a ures such as disaster-risk management. It includes, aim at present should be an agreement to assign the UK two-three tonnes, of Russia five-eight tonnes,
manufacturing facility in India. SpaceX launches satellites for any interested for instance, extreme weather events like hurricanes financing responsibility for loss and damage with and of Japan four-five tonnes. India is rather better
party, and offers satellite broadband services on Starlink to at least 40 countries. and floods, which will arise even if mitigation targets the understanding that actual payments would be placed to meet the just goal because its average per
Both SpaceX and Tesla have multiple government customers. are achieved and if adaptation and resilience required only when the actions to manage loss and capita per year emissions will be 1.5-2.3 tonnes.
Close to 90 per cent of Mr Musk’s net worth is tied to Tesla and SpaceX. changes are made. Another example is an unavoid- damage have to be undertaken. It may also require The estimates clearly demonstrate the gross
Those two companies reported revenues of $55 billion in 2021, dwarfing Twitter’s able process such as the sea-level rise, which may a separation of relief measures for unpredicted inadequacy of the commitments by the major
revenues of $5 billion. Both Tesla and SpaceX also have long, complex supply require substantial expenditure on protective meas- adverse weather events and steady funding for emitters other than India. But in the present eco-
chains, sourcing from all over the world. Their business models are thus vul- ures by poor countries. measures to cope with threats like the sea-level rise. nomic and geopolitical environment, the combina-
Some small steps have already been taken in the Responsibility as duty is relevant for mitigation tion of responsibility as liability for loss and damage
nerable to punitive government actions. Therefore, it remains to be seen if Mr
UNFCCC on loss and damage. This includes the commitments by countries. In the early stages of and responsibility as duty to leave enough room for
Musk is able to resist pressure on free expression, given everything else at stake.
Santiago Network on technical assistance and an the climate negotiation, this was seen essentially as others will not be readily accepted by the major
agreement at COP26 in Glasgow to have a dialogue the duty of the developed countries. The first emitters. But India can assert it and ensure it

Parity on the pitch process on the issue. What has been avoided so far is
a discussion on how the cost of coping with unavoid-
able loss and damage will be financed. This is an area
Conference of Parties at Berlin in 1995 aimed at man-
datory requirements for developed countries and
exempted developing countries from this on the
remains on the UNFCCC agenda and provides a
basis for bringing together the vast majority of coun-
tries that are mainly victims rather than perpetrators
BCCI’s move could be a trendsetter where the notion of responsibility as liability requires grounds that “the per capita emissions in developing of climate risks.
that the cost be distributed among countries in accor- countries are still relatively low and that the share

T
he Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) deserves praise for intro-
dance with their responsibility for climate change. of global emissions originating in developing coun- nitin-desai@hotmail.com
ducing equal pay for men and women players who represent the country
at international levels in all three formats of the game. In a country
that consistently ranks low on the global gender gap index, this marks

The case for structural financial deglobalisation


an enlightened step forward. Till now women cricketers in the highest annual-
contract bracket earned about half what their male counterparts earned in the
lowest bracket. The BCCI, in fact, joins New Zealand and Australia in introducing

T
gender pay parity. But given that the BCCI is the world’s richest cricketing body, he US Federal Reserve’s aggressive monetary- Attempting to minimise the costs of their Faustian cushion against the current financial turmoil.
it could well become the trendsetter for other cricketing bodies. tightening campaign has squeezed econ- bargain, emerging-economy policymakers have Emerging and developing economies need to
Though undoubtedly progressive, this move must be viewed as only the omies worldwide, particularly in the devel- pinned their hopes on international coordination of give up their victimhood narrative and shed their
first small step towards realistically equalising career earnings for men and oping world. With the dollar appreciating sharply monetary policy. Some have pleaded with the US to illusions about global cooperation. Instead, policy-
against their currencies, many emerging and devel- stop acting like a hegemon and consider the impact makers should regain agency and control by revert-
women. This is essentially a function of two related developments. The first is
oping economies have experienced rapid increases of its decisions on other countries, trying in vain to ing to the relatively limited capital mobility that
how intensively the women’s game is promoted in terms of marketing campaigns in borrowing costs and consumer prices, leaving local convince their American counterparts that doing so characterised the Bretton Woods era.
and broadcasting time; both have expanded significantly over the past decade. policymakers with little choice but to raise interest would be in America’s enlightened self-interest. This would require going beyond the half-hearted
The second is the trajectory towards the overwhelming popularity of the rates and imperil their fragile economic recovery. But those hoping for monetary-policy coordi- measures the International Monetary Fund proposed
T20 format and the concomitant privatisation of the game via the popular fran- In the face of surging inflation, some lower- nation seem to be disregarding the lessons of to mitigate the risks of temporary capital-inflow surges.
chise tournament, the Indian Premier League (IPL). The BCCI’s plans to intro- income countries have pushed back against the dol- Covid-19. Even as scientists warned that the only Developing and emerging-market countries must
duce an IPL for women will fully test the concept of gender pay parity. That’s lar’s hegemony. But instead of complaining, poli- way to end the pandemic was to ensure that most of impose constraints on the cross-border flow of certain
because in the larger world of the sports industry, which is driven by private cymakers should consider insulating their the world’s population was vaccinated, the US and forms of capital, particularly volatile portfolio flows.
money, the earnings disparity between men and women (with some honourable economies from the greenback by erecting barriers other wealthy countries rejected global cooperation Only “good capital”— for example, foreign direct
exceptions such as badminton) is still a bridge too far. to cross-border capital flows. To mitigate the effects and instead hoarded doses. The result was vaccine investment that has a long-term stake in the recipient
Tennis is a good example. Much is made of the fact that men and women of adverse monetary-policy spill- apartheid, and poorer countries had country and brings technology, skills, and ideas to it
overs, the world needs a bout of to scramble to secure supplies. — should enjoy the right to move across borders.
get equal prize money at the four Grand Slam events, though women play three
structural financial deglobalisation. Moreover, seeking global coordi- The usual response to such proposals is that the
setters to men’s five setters and both men and women’s games get equal cover- When the Fed launched its nation seems like a fool’s errand at genie of international finance cannot be put back
age. But one rung down, in the more frequent Association of Tennis Professionals quantitative-easing programme in a time when the world is turning in the bottle. But emerging economies can, in fact,
(ATP, the men’s organisation) and the Women’s Tennis Association, where both the aftermath of the 2008 global away from multilateralism. The restrict capital flows (albeit imperfectly and imper-
men and women play three setters, the latter earn up to 75 per cent less. Yet financial crisis, it was accused of international trading system has manently). It is up to local policymakers to decide,
these are the bread-and-butter tournaments that earn players their ranking encouraging speculative capital been in intensive care for decades whereas cooperation to minimise the impact of dol-
points. No surprise, then, that Serena Williams retired with 23 Grand Slams but flows to emerging and developing — not least owing to US trade bar- lar hegemony is controlled by the US. It is hypocrit-
netted $450 million in career earnings to Roger Federer’s $1.1 billion and 20 economies and fueling dangerous riers — while the escalating Sino- ical to embrace financial globalisation and then rail
Grand Slams. The same is true for women’s football. Although the women’s asset bubbles. Now that it is raising American rivalry could herald an against it when it does not work for you.
version of the sport is gaining traction with stadium and TV audiences, only a interest rates to fight surging prices ARVIND SUBRAMANIAN era marked by economic fragmen- More broadly, the world seems to have forgotten
at home, critics blame it for export- tation and geopolitical conflict. At that excessive financialisation is responsible for
handful of national football federations pay men and women equally.
ing inflation and financial instability by attracting the same time, America’s domestic political polari- some of the worst economic crises of the last four
But within the privately-owned club system, which really drives football capital back to the United States. In both cases, the sation means that a new administration could decades. Capitalism must be saved from its financial
in Europe, the disparity is stark. In the Women’s Super League, the equivalent US has been criticised as acting out of pure self- reverse any US commitment. rentiers, and financial deglobalisation is a good
of the English Premier League, the average salary is £30,000, lower than the interest, even if that means forcing other countries What, then, is the alternative to the dollar’s hege- place to start. As the British economist and Bretton
average salary of the lowest-ranked team in the men’s game. The highest earner to adopt beggar-thy-neighbour policies. mony? Emerging-market policymakers must resist the Woods architect John Maynard Keynes once said,
in the women’s game, the USA’s Carli Lloyd, earns £400,000 a year, nowhere The Fed is therefore damned if it eases monetary lure of financial globalisation. Several studies, includ- while ideas, knowledge, and science are interna-
near Lionel Messi’s £62 million per year before endorsement deals. It is easy to policy and damned if it tightens it. But the uncom- ing one by Harvard’s Dani Rodrik and me, have shown tional by definition, finance should be “primarily
predict that even if the women’s IPL gains in popularity, it will be many decades fortable truth is that countries around the world that cross-border flows of private financial capital do national.” It is time we heed his advice.
before a top female cricketer will be able to match Virat Kohli’s earnings of chose to open their economies to capital flows and not foster sustained economic growth. The substantive
~261.03 crore (including ~238.7 crore in endorsements) last year, a season in expose themselves not just to US monetary policy benefits from financial globalisation, if any, are too The writer, a senior fellow at Brown University, is a
but to fickle foreign finance and the institutions that few to offset the costs of sudden shocks, capital flight, distinguished non-resident fellow at the Center for Global
which he struggled for runs. Still, equal pay by the national federation may
control it. By handing over power, and often on and loss of policy control. As bad as China’s policies Development and the author of Of Counsel: The Challenges
well set the ball rolling for women to get there.
behalf of elite domestic interests, they willingly have become under President Xi Jinping, China is one of the Modi-Jaitley Economy (India Viking, 2018)
made themselves vulnerable. of the few countries still able to use domestic policy to © Project Syndicate, 2022

The lives and times of ransomware hunters ware attack in 2019, the Department of
Homeland Security couldn’t decide if it
was their job to respond. Comparing the
stop short of criticising the victims who
do pay ransoms, and the insurers who
often cover those payments. The book
those individuals, describing an infor- end up struggling to pay his bills and Even as they draw out these compet- FBI, unfavourably, to the Dutch High is, however, openly critical of companies
mal, “invitation-only” coalition of fighting with his wife over his round- itive and sometimes comical dynamics, Tech Crime Unit (the police team of like Proven Data Recovery and
roughly one dozen malware experts the-clock obsession with generating Dudley and Golden are highly attuned tech-savvy officers who fight cyber- MonsterCloud that purport to be able to
who work to decrypt victims’ files and ransomware decryption keys, a process to the havoc ransomware can wreak. crime), the authors note that the retrieve victims’ data themselves, but
restore their computer systems so they that consumes so much computing They introduce us to a self-employed American bureau’s technical experts are often end up just paying the ransoms
don’t have to succumb to extortion. The power it slows down his wife’s avatars photographer in Manila who in 2019 lost often looked down upon by their co- without telling their clients.
BOOK REVIEW members of the self-titled Ransomware
Hunting Team are spread out across the
while she’s playing the Sims.
But the larger costs of reverse-engi-
access to hundreds of thousands of pho-
tos and videos he’d
workers, one of whom nicknames them
“dolphins”
Instead of focusing on policy and
institutional shortcomings, Dudley and
JOSEPHINE WOLFF United States and Europe. They com- neering ransomware lie in providing kept over five years, THE RANSOMWARE because they are Golden are most interested in the char-
municate and coordinate their efforts cybercriminals with real-time feedback and a sixth-grade HUNTING TEAM: A Band “highly intelli- acters at the centre of this fight. “Within
of Misfits’ Improbable

I
n May, the president of Costa Rica, via a private Slack channel as they scour about how to make their programs har- teacher in Maryland gent and can’t the ranks of both hunters and hackers,”
Crusade to Save the
Rodrigo Chaves, announced that the source code to try to reverse-engineer der to crack. Any attempt by the ran- who in 2020 had to World From Cybercrime communicate they write, “are self-taught, underem-
nation was “at war” with the Russia- decryption keys and recover the victims’ somware hunters to publicise their find- read “The Maze Author: Renee with humans.” ployed tech geeks who sometimes lack
based criminal gang Conti, which had data. Sometimes that turns out to be ings for the benefit of future victims Runner” aloud to Dudley and Daniel But the book social graces, like video games and are
infected 27 of the country’s government impossible, if the criminals have used inevitably alerts these bad actors to the her students Golden leaves other familiar with some of the same movies.”
institutions with ransomware and strong enough algorithms and imple- flaws in their own designs. because all of her Publisher:Farrar, potential legal The book offers lively portraits of these
demanded $20 million to restore the mented them properly. But sometimes Dudley and Golden do a brilliant job lesson plans had Straus & Giroux and regulatory people — invoking Gillespie’s bachelor
encrypted data and computer systems. If the perpetrators take shortcuts that of tracing the back-and-forth between been frozen. Most Pages: 355 defences against party, where “guests shot up worn-out
entire countries can be brought to their enable the figures at the centre of attackers and defenders, like the little tragically, they tell Price: $30 ransomware computers with guns,” and Wosar’s
knees by ransomware, then so too can Dudley and Golden’s story — security taunts the criminals embed in their pro- the story of a underexplored, habit of watching “sad, romantic”
cities, hospitals, individuals and schools, researchers like Michael Gillespie and grams after earlier versions are thwarted. woman whose newborn daughter suf- such as systematic targeting of crypto- movies while he works — as it traces the
among many other entities. And for all Fabian Wosar — to come to the rescue. After Wosar decrypts one program, its fered severe brain damage because a currency exchanges, botnet operators, evolution of ransomware into a more
of Chaves’s rhetoric, the battles to defend Doing that work (“Or shall I call it a authors (a group called Apocalypse) fix ransomware attack prevented hospital hosting providers and internet service professionalised business for organised
these victims against ransomware are form of art?” one ransomware hunter the vulnerability he identified in a new obstetricians from detecting fetal dis- providers that facilitate ransomware cartels. Unfortunately, that professiona-
fought primarily by private companies muses) comes with significant costs, variant named “Fabiansomware,” tress. The baby later died. and could potentially be leveraged to lisation and its attendant resources are
and individuals, not by government many of them personal. Dudley and encoded with a dare to “Crack me.” His A recurring theme across the book is disrupt these attacks. catapulting many strains of modern
agencies or militaries. Golden dig deeply into the emotional other nemeses leave messages in their the indifference and incompetence of The book begins with an epigraph ransomware beyond the reach of the
In The Ransomware Hunting Team, and financial tolls on people like source code ranging from “FWosar you government, particularly in America. from Rudyard Kipling: “If once you have Ransomware Hunting Team.
the ProPublica journalists Renee Dudley Gillespie, who insists on offering his are the man” to “If you crack this version Dudley and Golden note that when the paid him the Dane-geld / You never get
and Daniel Golden profile several of services to victims at no charge, only to then I will start taking heroin!” city of Baltimore was hit by a ransom- rid of the Dane.” But Dudley and Golden ©The New York Times News Service
14 NEW DELHI
MONDAY
OCTOBER 31, 2022

Opinion

{ OUR TAKE }
E STA B L I S H E D I N 1 9 24
At COP27, developed
End impasse on nations must deliver
content policy The UN climate meet
begins on November 6.
things, between mitigation, adaptation tion Reduction Act and urging the
and financing to the detriment of Gulf to meet the significant shortfall in
developing countries. the world supply. However, the Orga-
Last year, India’s explanation of the nization of Petroleum Exporting
The Global North must vote called them out. “Ironically, many Countries-plus (OPEC+) cut down on India stands as a beacon of hope by adopting upgraded Nationally
Work with stakeholders to arrive at guidelines that
draw from those traditional media firms follow not backtrack on its of the UNSC members are the main production, defying the US. China, too, Determined Contributions, driving down prices of renewables, launching
contributors to climate change due to seems to be losing the appetite to Mission LiFE and spearheading both the International Solar Alliance and
Paris pledges but commit historical emissions. If the Security “lead” climate action. the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure AFP

to Global Net-Zero, and Council indeed takes over the respon- The IEA Coal Market Update 2022

L
ast week, the Union government notified
sibility on this issue, a few States will predicts that coal demand will likely opmental” projects, the figure is less good, both on technological and
amendments to the Information Technology set pathways for urgent then have a free-hand in increase next year to a new than $40 billion. Still, COP27 can agree affordability fronts, there is little to
(IT) rules, 2021, bringing in a new social media climate financing deciding on all climate-re- all-time high. The Intergov- to urgent rechanneling of Special enthuse them so far. The corporate
content moderation framework. The key lated issues.” But the reasons ernmental Panel on Climate Drawing Rights (SDRs) by the Interna- world ought to ensure the viability of

W
ith barely a few for trying to “cannibalise” Change (IPCC)’s Fourth tional Monetary Fund (IMF) to devel- renewables to run large economies.
feature of this is what the government calls days to go before UNFCCC are clear if one Assessment Report points oping countries. But it shouldn’t end India stands as a beacon of hope by
“grievance appellate committees”. Consisting of the 27th Confer- looks at the status of imple- out that to limit the global up repeating what happened during adopting robust, upgraded Nationally
three members to be appointed by the government, ence of the Parties mentation of climate pledges TS temperature rise below 2°C, Covid-19 in August 2021, when $650 Determined Contributions, driving
(COP27) of the by developed countries. Annex I parties must reduce billion SDRs allocated by the IMF, the down prices of renewables, launching
these committees will allow users to complain about United Nations COP27 comes at a time Tirumurti emissions by 25%-40% in largest in its history, went mainly to Mission LiFE and spearheading both
inaction on the content they reported, as well as Framework Convention on Climate when both developed and 2020, but did a mere 12.6%. developed countries based on a coun- the International Solar Alliance and
appeal against their content or account being taken Change (UNFCCC) at Sharm El Sheikh, developing countries are Developed countries seem try quota within the IMF. the Coalition for Disaster Resilient
Egypt, two things have happened. desperately searching for energy secu- sure to miss their Paris 2030 targets. The gap is even more stark when it Infrastructure.
down by companies such as Meta and Twitter. A day First, Prime Minister Narendra Modi rity in the face of unilateral sanctions, An outcome of the 2021 Glasgow comes to equal funding for adaptation With floods and extreme climate
after the announcement, the junior minister for launched Mission LiFE (Lifestyle For the coronavirus pandemic, escalating COP26 was the Mitigation Work Pro- vis-à-vis mitigation. IPCC AR6 2022 events in the Indian subcontinent and
electronics and IT, Rajeev Chandrasekhar, said the Environment) on October 20 in the new and old conflicts, and burgeoning gramme (MWP) agreement. But with points out that “less than 20% has Small Island Developing States, Egypt
presence of UN Secretary-General humanitarian needs draining donor the developed world struggling, they been for adaptation”, and hardly half has called COP27 “Implementation
scope and structure of these committees will be Antonio Guterres. It is a global action funds. For once, the West is also feel- will shift the burden of mitigation on has been disbursed, undercutting the COP”. It’s the last chance before the
worked out soon, and the government’s motives for plan, listing potential lifestyle changes ing the pinch. Many European Union to the Global South, non-State actors, main ask of the Global South. IPCC “global stock take” in 2023 to assess
doing so was to help users navigate a “broken” for climate-friendly behaviour. (EU) countries, such as Germany, Aus- multilateral financing institutions and also says that “loss and damage,” progress on climate action. Developed
Second, in contrast, there was a tria, France, Italy and the Netherlands “market forces.” which refers to losses that developing nations must not backtrack on their
grievance redressal system that companies have at debate on “climate change and secu- are returning to coal plants. The The $100 billion per year by 2020 countries cannot adapt to, is not Paris pledges but commit to “Global
present. rity” in the UN Security Council export of coal to Europe is surging. pledged at COP15 by developed coun- addressed. Can COP27 operationalise Net-Zero”, which means “Net-Nega-
Regulating content online has become a conten- (UNSC). A draft resolution on the Bank lending to fossil fuel companies tries is far from being reached. The the Santiago Network on Loss and tive” by 2050, and set pathways for cli-
same subject in UNSC in December increased by 15% this year. The EU Green Climate Fund has few resources Damage or at least the financing facil- mate financing. The Global South
tious issue. Social media companies have often been 2021 was fortunately defeated through decided that even natural gas is green left. We are witnessing innovative ity in the face of procrastination by should not fall, yet again, for the
found not doing enough and, at the same time, cens- a Russian veto, with India voting energy for its “green” taxonomy. Fossil accounting rather than innovative developed countries? It shouldn’t “divide and rule” policy of the North.
oring too much. This is a global phenomenon. For against the draft. The 2022 debate was fuel producing countries such as Nor- financing. The best-case scenario become a “Lost and Damaged” COP!
yet another attempt by developed way and the United States (US) are claimed is $80 billion. But if one takes The last thing developing countries TS Tirumurti was Permanent Representa-
instance, Europe’s Digital Services Act, which countries to go outside the compre- raking in money. The EU is on the out double accounting, inflated calcu- want is to be left at the mercy of mar- tive/ Ambassador of India to the United
European Union members ratified earlier this year. hensive UNFCCC architecture to evade verge of a recession. The US is faring lation due to the inclusion of the ket forces. Nations in New York (2020-22) and a
The law tightens penalties on social media its principles and commitments and better by pumping out oil from its project cost rather than climate-re- While the world is pinning its hopes former climate change negotiator
disrupt the balance, among other strategic reserves, passing the Infla- lated only and the cost of mere “devel- on renewable technologies coming The views expressed are personal
companies if they do not act on illegal content and
establishes an independent regulator to hear
complaints. Similar conversations are being held in
the United States, where Republicans and { STRAIGHTFORWARD } { SHEHBAZ SHARIF } PAKISTAN PRIME MINISTER
Democrats want a law giving broad immunities to Shashi Shekhar
tech firms to be tweaked for conditionalities. In this
context, India’s approach in general, is consistent
P
Imran Khan is... targeting the
with how global regulations are evolving. There is no
question that social media companies need to be
regulated, to be made more accountable — especially
Three key lessons to be Army leadership only to fulfil
his personal desires... he is spe-
because their models are built around advertising,
and they compete with traditional media that kept in mind for all times wing poison against those who
operates under certain codes. oday is the last day of October and sons from Indira’s assassination. The SPG is
nurtured him. No one is safe
The question is whether the government can
T the 38th anniversary of the passing still in charge of the PM’s security. It is grat-
from his mischief.
A
create new out-of-court dispute settlement bodies of the nation’s third Prime Minister ifying that since the creation of this agency,
(PM), Indira Gandhi. Such a tragedy barring some exceptions, no assailant has
with binding powers, and if the answer to that is yes, imparts a lesson, in addition to leaving been able to get within a few feet of an
whether such committees can be truly independent. behind a significant wound. What are the Indian PM.
There is also a school of thought that argues that by key takeaways from the assassination? This was the first lesson that could be
One needs to go back 38 years to get the drawn from the circumstance. Although the
forcing social media companies to block or unblock answer. At Indira’s official residence, she VVIPs were shielded from attack, their dis-

Don’t have unrealistic


content, the government is stepping into the private was killed by members of her own security tance from the common people grew. Hav-
realms that are the services and products of these team. Following Operation Blue Star, the ing security is now seen as a sign of prestige.
Intelligence Bureau (IB) and the Research This is not good for democracy.
corporates. The result could mean that, much like and Analysis Wing (R&AW) received infor- Now let’s discuss the second lesson.
the IT Rules, 2021, the new amendments are likely to
be challenged in court.
That will not do. The more such an impasse exists
mation that Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelli-
gence (ISI) brass was plotting Indira’s assas-
sination. Fortifying the PM’s residence and
office required the deployment of both the
People across the nation became upset as
soon as news of the attack on Indira got out.
No other politician compared to her in
terms of political and social status. Her son
demands from Sunak
on platform governance, the longer citizens suffer Army and Delhi Police personnel. Officials Rajiv had entered politics just five years ear- romising economic stability and politi- nomic policies are not going to make him
from exposure to harmful content and arbitrary
decisions. Keeping this in mind, the government
should work with all stakeholders to arrive at
content moderation and regulation protocols that
from intelligence agencies would also take
part in reviews of the PM’s security plan.
The R&AW received intelligence then
that inspector Beant Singh of the Delhi
Police, who was assigned to the inner circle
lier. Although he was well liked and
dynamic, no one was willing to believe that
he could succeed Indira.
Not long ago, in the general election of
1980, the Congress had won 353 seats and a
P cal unity, Rishi Sunak assumed office popular with the Tory base and that’s one of
as the new Prime Minister (PM) of the the reasons why Truss had won the leader-
United Kingdom (UK). He has made all ship contest. To balance this out, he seems to
the right noises so far. In his first public have reached out to Suella Braverman, who
speech, Sunak spoke of a “profound economic was reappointed as home secretary just six
of protection, had recently been amritdhari resounding victory. The party then had vet- crisis” with Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine days after she resigned over a security breach.
draw from those that traditional media companies (baptised to Sikhism) and was meeting sus- erans such as Pranab Mukherjee, Naras- contributing to the situation. Braverman represents the Right-wing of the
follow. Whether the social media companies, which picious people. On this premise, he was sent imha Rao and Narayan Datt Tiwari. In the He also admitted that “some mistakes were party and her support was key to Sunak’s
leverage the safe haven protection they get as so- to the Delhi Police’s armed unit. opinion of the public, none of them was made” by his predecessor and warned that appointment. Her tough stance on immigra-
Indira was known to have admired him equal to Indira. Under the circumstances, there were “difficult decisions to come.” In tion will give some political space to Sunak to
called intermediaries, will be willing to play ball is an and referred to him as “Sardarji”. He the news of Rajiv’s ascension raised the Parliament, he seemed to pep things up for take unpopular economic decisions. This will
entirely different question. returned within a few days as a result of her question of how he would fill his mother’s the Tories as he took on the Labour Party and also be important to shore up support among
intervention. On the fateful morning of shoes. gave a renewed sense of purpose to party traditional Tory voters who may not find
October 31, 1984, he was the first to open fire Rajiv, and all the PMs who followed him, backbenchers, despondent under Liz Truss. Sunak’s other policies very appealing.
on Indira. Kehar and Satwant Singh joined did many good and bad things, but they With his cabinet formation, Sunak tried to There has been some debate on Braver-

Stubble burning, a him. After a while, Beant was shot under


“mysterious” circumstances on the spot. He
had led the plot to kill Indira and might
never let the candle of democracy burn out,
even when neighbouring nations were still
in upheaval. Today, Delhi is ruled by Naren-
provide a sense of stability by bringing vari- man’s re-appointment. The challenge is not
ous factions together. He continued
with three key cabinet positions
only domestic, but also external. She
publicly expressed concerns about

festering problem have revealed a lot of information.


When Rajiv Gandhi became PM, a sepa-
rate privileged agency for the security of the
dra Modi. He is frequently compared to
Indira in terms of his grip on the party, the
government, and the people. Modi, too, had
from the Truss administration —
Jeremy Hunt as chancellor, James
Cleverly as foreign secretary and Ben
having an open borders migration
policy with India and her targeting
of Indian migrants as “the largest
PM and family — the Special Protection faced problems during the Emergency Wallace as defence secretary — group of people who overstay” may
he paddy fields of two neighbouring states of

T
Group (SPG) — was established, taking les- imposed by the Indira regime. He has been ensuring much-needed continuity in Harsh have more to do with domestic poli-
Delhi — Punjab and Haryana — are on fire, with the country’s PM for two terms. This dem- policymaking. tics, but it has vitiated the political
onstrates that whenever India detects a Hunt had reversed most key eco- V Pant climate around India-UK bilateral
farmers, especially in Punjab, intensifying the
void, ardent Indians rush to fill it. nomic policies of Truss and he is in ties. Sunak’s task will be even harder
burning of stubble ahead of the wheat sowing Let’s now move to the third lesson. Indira sync with Sunak on how best to now as he seeks the conclusion of
season. On Saturday, Delhi’s Air Quality Index brea- was killed while combating India’s divisive tackle the challenges facing the British econ- the much vaunted India-UK free trade agree-
ched the severe level. While it is true that climate elements. At the time, Punjab was on fire, omy. Financial markets were roiled in recent ment (FTA). Calling India an “economic
and sparks flashed in Kashmir from time to weeks as poor decision-making weakened the superpower” and arguing that an FTA would
crisis-induced erratic weather patterns are making time. Sparks of separation also smouldered fundamentals of the economy with the British improve access to its “dynamic market,” Greg
the condition worse, stubble burning is a yearly in the Northeast. Today, Punjab is one of the pound plunging to a record low against the Hands, the minister for trade policy, sug-
hazard because the state and central governments country’s most peaceful and richest states. dollar and government borrowing costs rising gested that the “majority of chapters” of the
The upheaval in the Northeast is a thing of sharply in the aftermath of Truss’s mini-bud- FTA were already reached, with more rounds
have failed to popularise crop residue management the past. Despite difficulties, Kashmir get. Sunak had warned about this during the expected shortly. But as someone of Indian
machines, work out a cash incentive, explore meth- remains India’s crown jewel. leadership contest and when Truss promised descent, Sunak is likely to face even greater
ods to accelerate the enzyme treatment procedure to The Modi government not only repealed major tax cuts without making adequate pro- scrutiny as his government moves forward
the contentious Article 370 three years ago, visions for their financing, the markets went with this initiative.
decompose stubble quickly, and implement a long- but also divided the state into two Union into a tailspin. There is some unnecessary hype in India
term plan to wean farmers away from a paddy- Territories for better administration. What- Sunak’s entry stabilised the situation but surrounding Sunak’s rise. His rise to the Brit-
wheat cycle. Counter-productive State incentives for ever concerns sceptics may have had at that the political and economic uncertainty of the ish prime ministership marks a significant
time, the truth is that the influx of tourists past few months has damaged British credi- moment in British politics. But he will govern,
some crops don’t help. There’s also been no real in Jammu and Kashmir is breaking records. bility hugely. Sunak’s first priority will be to as he should, keeping British interests in
effort to crack down on farmers — which is What could be a better demonstration of restore the trust in the ability of the British mind, and his lineage will hardly have any
surprising because Delhi, the region most affected by India’s unity, integrity, and determination government to manage a delicate situation, role to play in the process. There are multiple
to march forward indefinitely? both politically and economically. The under- challenges he faces and Indians should be
the burning, and Punjab, the state responsible for the There have been many more accomplish- lying political instability is, in more ways than realistic in their assessment of what he might
most fires, are both ruled by the Aam Aadmi Party. ments in the last 38 years that we may be one, a consequence of the Brexit referendum. mean for India-UK ties. The bilateral relation-
The World Air Quality Report (2022) found that proud of, but these three lessons drive us to The Conservative Party has been struggling to ship is growing due to a newfound conver-
change with the times while remaining vigi- come to terms with it and is yet to find a way gence in their strategic orientation. Let’s not
Delhi was the world’s most polluted capital for the The Modi government repealed Article 370 lant. We must keep these lessons in mind at out. Sunak will hope that by managing the burden Sunak with unrealistic expectations.
fourth consecutive year. This is shameful, but worse three years ago, but today tourism in all times. economy effectively, he will be able to give a
is the government’s failure to devise a wholesome Jammu and Kashmir is breaking records. new sense of purpose to the Tories, who are Harsh V Pant is vice-president, Observer Research
What could be a better demonstration of struggling politically against a resurgent Foundation, New Delhi and professor,
solution to tackle the issue, letting millions of Delhi’s India’s unity, integrity, and determination Shashi Shekhar is editor-in-chief, Hindustan Labour. King’s College London
citizens breathe in poisonous air. to march forward indefinitely? AFP The views expressed are personal Yet, this is easier said than done. His eco- The views expressed are personal

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EDITOR: KUNAL PRADHAN


16 MONDay, 31 OctOber 2022
New Delhi VIEWS LIVEMINT.COM

OUR VIEW THEIR VIEW


PTI

Dedicated policy attention could


help services generate good jobs
Artificial props won’t work and the focus of such efforts would have to be on raising productivity

assumed that good jobs will emerge as a third, direct-care workers’ productivity
byproduct of these programmes, even can be raised, which would make for bet-
though that’s not their primary purpose. ter service, lower costs and higher pay.
Green tech and high-end chip-making While the first two strategies might be
are unlikely to be a major source of net useful, productivity enhancements ulti-
job creation for the kinds of workers who mately are the most reliable source of
are ill-served by today’s labour markets. better jobs. For that, Osterman suggests
After all, manufacturing employs fewer an approach that is analogous to Japa-
than one in 10 workers in the US, and the nese automakers’ method of deploying
DANI RODRIK experience of other countries where new innovations in manufacturing. This
is a professor of international political manufacturing has done much better entails a combination of investing in
economy at Harvard University’s John F. suggests that reversing de-industrialized workers’ skills, granting them greater
Kennedy School of Government, and the employment is extremely difficult. Since discretion and giving them more respon-
author of ‘Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a the bulk of future jobs will come from sibility for the quality of service.

G20 presidency should


Sane World Economy’. services, that’s where we must focus our Care workers who have more auton-
efforts to create productive jobs for less omy and decision-making authority can
advantaged workers. use their knowledge of residents and

G
ood jobs are a top priority world- In a study for the Hamilton Project, I patients to customize their services and
wide. Policymakers in advanced describe what an industrial policy for provide more flexibility (such as in

amp up India’s influence and developing economies alike


are stressing the need for well-paying
employment with job security and
career paths, even as globalization and
services might look like for the US. My
proposal’s local component builds on
existing development and business
assistance schemes that take the form of
schedules, food and treatment). This
strategy would also permit the introduc-
tion of new technologies that comple-
ment caregivers’ skills, such as digital
technological change make it clear that collaborative partnerships between tools with which caregivers can collect
this task can’t be left wholly to markets. development agencies, firms and other real-time information and respond faster
India will get a rare opportunity to promote an inclusive vision of development, push real Policymakers typically focus on things stakeholders aiming to create good jobs. and more efficiently to residents’ needs.
like minimum wages, collective bargain- The national initiative features an These changes would require a will-
multilateralism and send all democracies a signal of hope. Let’s not squander this chance ing and investments in skills. But as Advanced Research Projects Agency ingness to experiment with novel work
important as these are, they are not (ARPA) focused on the promotion of a practices and a continuum of efforts,
enough. Productivity is key. The supply particular type of innovation: employ- moving from research and development
of good jobs can increase only if the jobs ment-friendly technologies. and the introduction of new technolo-

T
he G20 presidency moves to India otherwise poor nations. In every economic created for the bottom and middle of the Consider what is perhaps the toughest gies for long-term care to their local
in December 2022 when Indonesia sphere, rich nations found a way to shrug off skill distribution become more produc- test case for these ideas: long-term care. adoption, adaptation and contextualiza-
tive, enabling higher pay, more auton- This is a sector where jobs will increase tion in specific communities. If long-
hands over the baton. An opportu- their historical role in impoverishing over half omy and brighter career prospects. Else, rapidly as the US population ages and as term care is managed better in such
nity like this comes only rarely, of the world’s population and ducked their mandating higher wages and better demand for assisted-living increases. But ways, productivity benefits would
especially when global geopolitics is responsibility to foster sustainable and equita- work conditions can leave less-educated because most long-term care work is show up in lower turnover among care
in a churn and post-War institutions ble growth. Whether it was debt servicing or workers priced out of job opportunities. done in homes (through caregivers) or workers, reduced hospitalization rates,
and alliances are straining to learn about and trade agreements, the global south was always France, with its high youth unemploy- in weakly regulated assisted-living com- better management of chronic condi-
ment, presents a cautionary tale. munities, remuneration and work condi- tions, and quicker and smoother transi-
adjust to a new emerging order. This presents at a disadvantage. The promise of multilateral- Another problem, however, is that tions have been poor. Employees are tions out of acute-care facilities.
us with a momentous prospect, serendipitously ism was largely observed in the breach. India even when policymakers do talk about mostly women, and because their work None of this will be easy. Enhancing
timed to let the country showcase, symbolically should use its G20 presidency and its role as an policies that specifically target produc- is typically regarded as low-skill, they are productivity in services is notoriously
and physically, its economic stature and politi- emergent economic power to help construct tivity gains and new technologies, good not viewed as real professionals. difficult and it is often impeded by
cal heft. The G20 is a strategic platform that Multilateralism 2.0 for sensitivity to diverse jobs are treated as a side issue. In the US, How might jobs in long-term care by myriad well-meaning licensing, safety
the latest crop of such policies targets improved? MIT economist Paul Oster- and other regulations.
represents 80% of the world’s economic output, political and social structures as well as for an advanced manufacturing such as semi- man suggests three overall strategies. But if we cannot find ways to increase
75% of international trade and 60% of the global equitable economic vision. conductors (through the CHIPS Act) and First, the government can impose stan- productivity in the occupations for
population. The G20 presidency affords India a G20 presidency will also demand reflection green technologies (through the Infla- dards (for minimum wages, say). Second, which most of our workers are destined,
chance to prove its leadership chops on the and compassion from our leadership. As India tion Reduction Act); and in Europe, the policymakers can increase the Medicaid we will end up with an even worse-per-
world stage and reinforce its historical role as gains sway and pushes for its rightful seat at the focus is on ‘digitalization’ alongside the and Medicare reimbursement rates for forming, less inclusive economy full of
green transition. In both, it is simply care services to help boost wages. And ‘bad jobs’. ©2022/Project Syndicate
a force for moderation, an emissary of peace global high table, we must eschew perpetrating
and as a practitioner of an inclusive economic an expansionary or extractive model to exert
model that attempts to take all citizens along on power, unlike what a fast-risen China has
a development journey—“sabka saath, sabka visited upon numerous poor countries with its
vikaas” in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Belt and Road Initiative, replete with the impo-
words. With the post-Cold-War political tem- sition of debt burdens on them. This will per-
plate falling apart and the dominant economic haps require New Delhi to renew its original gift www.livemint.com
New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Chandigarh*, Pune* Wednesday, October 31, 2012 Vol.6 No.260 `3.00 in Delhi­NCR/`4.00 outside Delhi­NCR 24
48 PAGES

model under scrutiny, we could present new to the global south: a planet-friendly and fair AUTOMOBILES: New models fail to
spur sales for auto makers >8
ENERGY: Cyclone may stymie ONGC
efforts to plug leak >8
If multilateral institutions
ideas on a global stage that work not just for the economic policy that has democracy with uni- EXCLUSIVE PARTNER
MARK TO MARKET: Satyam maintains
growth, margins >18
AVIATION: AAI to inject over `400 crore
in Mumbai, Delhi airports >10
cannot bring about peace
top 1%, but also factory workers, farmers, artists, versal adult franchise at its core. At a time when SENSEX 18,430.85 æ 204.97 NIFTY 5,597.90 æ 67.70 DOLLAR `53.96 æ `0.12 EURO `69.95 Æ `0.18 GOLD `30,955 Æ `30 OIL $109.20 æ $0.05

and the rule of law because


EDUARDO MUNOZ/REUTERS
POLICY ACTION
Lanco’s bid to QUICK EDIT

RBI holds key sell stakes in Rates and

healthcare workers, teachers, scientists and muscular politics is emasculating individual rates, bearish
units gets
bogged down
B Y U TPAL B HASKAR
signals
T he Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) not
cutting its policy rate on

of the vested interests


utpal.b@livemint.com Tuesday has, predictably,
························· led to disappointment.

others who toil earnestly and lead modest lives. liberties and autocratic leaders have played on on growth
NEW DELHI The market reaction was

D ebt-laden Lanco Infratech


Ltd’s plan to raise $750 mil-
lion (around `4,065 crore) by
obvious while Union
finance minister
P. Chidambaram talked
selling stakes in its power-gener- about “walking alone”.
ating businesses to pare debt It is important that
Central bank cuts CRR REVISED PROJECTIONS seem to have got bogged down. management of growth-
by quarter percentage RBI increased the inflation forecast for
Talks with Macquarie Group
Ltd for the sale of its thermal as-
inflation dynamics not be
seen from a political

Some issues will need to be monitored popular angst against economic distress to cap- of their members,
point to 4.25%, holds the fiscal year-end to 7.5% from 7% while
also lowering the growth forecast. sets are off, said a person aware perspective. There is no
out hope of lower rates Growth Inflation
of the development, requesting question that low growth
anonymity, although the Gur- concerns RBI and the
in the fourth quarter gaon-based infrastructure com- ministry of finance alike.
April

pany denied this. The issue is one of


B Y D INESH U NNIKRISHNAN & 7.3% 6.5% “The dialogue with Macquarie coordination between the
J OEL R EBELLO Group is continuing, but it hasn’t monetary and fiscal
························· come to an agreement,” chief authorities. There has
July

MUMBAI 6.5% 7% operating officer T. Adi Babu been little sign of that.

closely. The first is a sharp erosion of multilater- ture power, in an eerie echo of the dynamics T he Reserve Bank of India said. “We haven’t called that off. The finance minister’s
(RBI) on Tuesday cut the We haven’t come to an under- intention to correct fiscal
October

then both national


cash reserve ratio (CRR) 5.8% 7.5% standing.” imbalances is not in
by a quarter percentage point, Talks with Norway’s SN Power doubt. What is in doubt
freeing up additional funds to for its hydropower business have is the time frame in
SANDEEP BHATNAGAR/MINT
the tune of `17,500 crore for been put on hold due to issues which this will happen.
commercial banks to lend to fiscal consolidation plan related to power purchase agree- Until the central bank
companies and consumers. It aimed at cutting the fiscal defi- ments (PPAs). Lanco has also gets a clear signal that
kept its key policy rate un- cit in a bid to persuade RBI been unable to get a buyer for its this is happening, the

alism, a force for good that has remained under- seen in Europe about a century ago, we should
changed as it pursues the bat- into lowering borrowing costs, wind power business. danger is that it will
tle against stubbornly high in- made no effort to hide his dis- Trail of destruction: Cars on a flooded street in Hoboken, New Jersey, on “We were talking with SN persist on its current
flation, but hinted at a possible appointment. Tuesday. Millions of people along the US east coast remained without Power, but it is pending due to path. The sooner the
rate cut in the fourth quarter of “Growth is as much a con- power as Sandy brought powerful winds, rains, floods and snow to the clarifications on PPA,” Adi Babu ministry issues a credible

democracy and global


the current fiscal, beginning cern as inflation,” Chidambar- mid­Atlantic states and the North­East. The storm’s centre plowed said. signal, the easier it will
January. am said, reacting to the central through Pennsylvania early on Tuesday after carving a harrowing path Another person aware of the be for RBI to change its
RBI, which has maintained bank’s stance. “The govern- of destruction overnight, killing at least 17 people in seven states and stance.
that concerns over inflation ment has to walk alone to face cutting power to more than eight million homes. See Page 13 TURN TO PAGE 4®
outweigh worries over slowing the challenge of growth.”

utilized. The post-World War II global order aim to provide a beacon of hope to democracies
economic growth, reduced Led by declines in banking
CRR, the portion of deposits
that banks have to maintain
and other interest-rate-sensi-
tive stocks, benchmark indices Maruti net falls
with the central bank, to 4.25%
in its quarterly monetary poli-
fell to five-week lows. The 30-
share bellwether index of BSE, on higher spend,
cy announcement. The repo the Sensex, closed down 1.1%
lower output

governance will continue to


rate, at which banks borrow at 18,430.85 points, and the 50-
overnight funds from RBI, was share Nifty index of the Na-

accorded extraordinary influence in multilat- everywhere. An ability to assimilate ancient and


left at 8%. tional Stock Exchange lost B Y A MRIT R AJ
The markets gave the policy 1.19% to end at 5.597.90 amrit.r@livemint.com
the thumbs-down with stocks, points, the sharpest fall in ·························
NEW DELHI
bonds and the rupee sliding. three months.
Finance minister
Chidambaram, who on Mon-
day unveiled a medium-term
P. State Bank of India (SBI), the
nation’s largest lender by as-
sets, lost 4.43% to close at
M aruti Suzuki India Ltd, the
country’s largest car mak-
er, reported a 5.4% decline in net
`2,074.15. profit for the September quarter
NOTE TO READERS The yield on the benchmark as labour unrest hit production

eral institutions to a handful of nations, which liberal philosophical traditions with a modern be rocked by crises.
10-year government bond rose and it was forced to increase pro-
The Media Marketing Initiatives to 8.18% from its previous motional spending to push sales
with today’s edition close of 8.13%. Bond prices in a sluggish market.
are the equivalent of paid­for and yields move in opposite The stock rose however as in-
advertisements, and no Mint directions. vestors considered the company
journalists were involved in The rupee fell to as low as had done well despite internal
creating these. Readers would do 54.19 per dollar from the previ- difficulties and external condi-
well to treat them as ous close of 54.07 after open- tions. A month-long lockout at
advertisements. ing at 54.09. It recouped its Maruti’s Manesar plant—follow-

affected the working and structure of these unifying Constitution has granted our country
losses to end at 53.96 per dol- ing a riot that left one company
lar. executive dead and about 100 in-
While the policy document jured—resulted in a production
makes clear that inflation is loss of at least 77,000 units.
the foremost objective of mon- Net profit in the three months
etary policy, governor D. Sub- ended 30 September fell to
`227.5 crore from `240.45 crore
TURN TO PAGE 5® in the year-earlier period, said
the company that has a 36%

bodies and inhibited equitable economic the capacity to engage with divergent camps of
ALSO SEE share of India’s car market. Rev-
enue rose 8.5% to `8,070.1 crore
>Banker’s Trust: Will we see a rate cut in from `7,435.8 crore a year ago.
January? >P4 The company had to spend

SHA R A N BU R ROW
>Q&A: It’s not correct to say slowdown is heavily on promoting its cars to
not a worry, says Subbarao >P7
>Expense Account: Markets sulk as rates drive up sales. Car sales in India
remain stuck. Should you worry? >P21 have been sluggish as slower
>Our View: RBI’s prudent stance >P30
>Ajit Ranade: Reserve Bank stirs, but isn’t TURN TO PAGE 4®

growth globally; it opened new avenues for politics and economic policy. We should try to
shaken >P6
>A. Prasanna: Inflation to be key variable ALSO SEE
>P6
Mint is also available for R7 with >Sonal Verma: Central bank fortifies its >Mark To Market: Maruti Suzuki resilient
Hindustan Times in Delhi-NCR only credibility >P6 amid adversities >P18

post-colonial exploitation of resource-rich but bring them all under one big tent.

my VIEW | MoDErN TIMES

How a Briton makes an ideal ambassador of Hinduism


demands images of deities on currency ish prime minister. Rishi Sunak is an English- them needlessly, he tweeted this: “My con- Hindu’. Nothing he does or say can disqual-
MANU JOSEPH notes. And where people spend a lot of man. He speaks like one, but is of Indian stituency is home to hundreds of beef and ify him as a Hindu, for there are no disquali-
energy on claims that an old mosque was descent. His Indian links might seem convo- lamb farmers and I am committed to sup- fications in the faith and nothing is hereti-
once a temple. luted, but what is beyond dispute is that he is porting the fantastic industry they repre- cal. He need not even believe in God to be
We are observed in this manner by whom? Hindu. Sunak is seen as Hindu in a way that a sent. People’s food choices are their own. I considered Hindu, as atheistic traditions
Is it only by some people in the West who Salman Rushdie or Javed Akhtar isn’t seen as would lead a government that champions have long existed within Hinduism. Even

P
robably for the first time since the birth track international news? Isn’t most of the Muslim. Sunak is not an amateur Hindu. As our livestock farmers at home and abroad.” B.R. Ambedkar, who converted to Bud-
of global perceptions, the image of Hin- world ignorant of others? And if most people he has conveyed, he is a Sunak will find himself dhism, adhered to what he called “the
duism, like that of Islam, can be said to are religious and conservative, wouldn’t they practising Hindu. He is a the brand ambassador of Hindu culture”. Sunak seems to have taken
have suffered on account of the actions of its be more considerate to Hindu assertion? No, temple-goer. He lights Rishi Sunak is not just global Hinduism. fine aspects of the Hindu religion and cul-
followers. Indians claiming to act on behalf not necessarily. As this column has argued diyas, which even many He is also claimed by Brit- ture and conflated them.
of Hindus have acquired the reputation of before, there is no such thing as a global right- devout Hindus do not. He widely seen as ain as an ambassador of Modern political Hinduism in India has
tormenting people from other communities wing. People are practical only at home; took an oath recently with one of its peculiar self- started dictating how non-Hindus should
and even their own from other castes. Fre- when it comes to other regions, everyone is a his hand placed on the Bha-
a Hindu whose compliments—its diver- conduct themselves, but outside India, Hin-

is a journalist, novelist, and the


quently, Hindus are wrongly seen as con-
ducting “a genocide” against Muslims and
‘humanitarian’, as it costs nothing to be so.
As a group, Hindus of Indian origin in the
gawat Gita.“I am now a citi-
zen of Britain. But my reli-
practice of the sity. When Britain cele-
brates its ‘multi-cultural’
duism is broadly still seen as an endearing if
quaint cultural force as always. Sunak repre-
creator of the Netflix series,
‘Decoupled’
correctly perceived as rewarding politicians
who have made India a minor hell for that
West are good ambassadors of India, usually,
but not of modern Hinduism. Their success
gion is Hindu,” he has said,
“My religious and cultural
religion is both character, it usually means
that a gregarious migrant
sents this Hinduism of festivities, which is
different from the Hinduism of mysticism,
minority group. Once, the meandering cow is secular and their grouse is religious. For heritage is Indian. I proudly authentic and has the mike, or that it is so the faith’s image the last time it was popular
on Indian streets was merely material for instance, in America Hindus are often seen as say that I am a Hindu and reassured of the domi- around the world—in the 1960s, when peo-
foreign correspondents who wanted to be overt and covert supporters of a muscular my identity is also a Hindu.” appealing nance of one ethnic group ple from the West who had a void within, or
amusing, but today the cow is a brooding Hinduism back home. In the UK, recently, Sunak says modern that it allows others to some drug, popularized the myth that only
foreshadow of lynchings. Modern India after a cricket match, British Hindus clashed things, reassuring things, thrive—as long as they are Hinduism had all the spiritual answers.
appears to the world as a place where Hindus with local Muslims. Meanwhile, articulate and he is suave, a feature that most people ‘multi-cultural’ only in appearance, and Sunak’s version of Hinduism might not
have a low bar for quality of life but very spe- Muslims in the West are beginning to portray find impressive if the person is not saying under the hood are very British. Sunak is a impress some Hindus in India, but it is clearly
cific views about the school uniforms of muscular Hinduism as a global villain on par anything uncomfortable. Like most men Briton, even if he looks a bit different from a more authentic version of the great ancient
Muslim girls and what others should eat; a with fanatical Islam. with a side hair parting, Sunak looks the dominant ethnic type. But his Hindu faith than the mystical exaggerations of hip-
place where even a progressive politician It is in these circumstances that some help dependable. During his campaign to head identity is not a farce. pies and of the muscular hyper-emotional
like Arvind Kejriwal, whose schooling policy has arrived for that new global reputation of his Conservative Party, perhaps to reassure Hinduism allows Sunak to be anything, Hinduism that looks set to remain a feature of
is celebrated in The New York Times, Hindus in the unexpected form of a new Brit- people that his Hinduness should not worry to say anything, and still be a ‘practising Indian politics for a long time.
LIVEMINT.COM VIEWS MONDay, 31 OctOber 2022
New Delhi 17

GUEST VIEW M I N T C U R AT O R

India has gained in stature at the Give vaccine boosters aimed


at Omicron variants a chance
United Nations General Assembly Sub-variant targeting might be more effective than reports suggest

An analysis of speeches from 1970 to 2020 at the forum reveals a positive shift in how India is seen and talked about by others

PTI

LISA JARVIS
is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering
biotech, health care and the pharmaceutical
industry.
JAYATI SHARMA & SAHIL DEO
are, respectively, a research assistant at CPC
Analytics and a co-founder of CPC Analytics.

T
wo new studies are stirring up more
controversy over new covid boosters,

T
he 77th session in September of the updated to match Omicron’s BA.4
United Nations General Assembly and BA.5 strains. The research suggests America’s rush for RNA jab adaptation to
(UNGA) was the first with many attend- these shots are no better than old boosters. variants has been controversial AP
ees convening in person after the onset But we shouldn’t write them off—they can
of the covid pandemic. The role of the still be life-savers. The studies are small But there are some caveats to consider.
UNGA is to discuss (and offer advice on) and data might have been collected too These studies were very small, looking at
matters of international relations and policy. India’s soon to truly demonstrate their value. just a few dozen people between them. And
external affairs minister S. Jaishankar said that this The wisdom of the US plan for boosters there’s reason to believe that the immune
time, many countries mentioned India in their this fall season has been hotly debated. system needs time to learn how to build bet-
speeches, which showed the country’s strong and Pfizer and Moderna spent months testing a ter defences—that in response to an
increasing relevance at the UN (bit.ly/3zpB6By). For booster based on an earlier Omicron vari- updated vaccine or infection with a new var-
foreign policy, it is necessary to understand how ant, but by the time regulatory authorities iant, immune cells initially break out old
India is perceived at global forums. In the latest ses- needed to make a decision on the composi- tools, but spend the months after that expo-
sion, ‘United Nations’ and ‘international’ were the tion of fall boosters, BA.4 and BA.5 had sure retrofitting their weaponry.
most mentioned words by non-Indian leaders in taken over. The US Food and Drug Admin- For example, a recent study showed that
their speeches, followed by ‘countries’ and ‘world’ istration asked the firms to change course vaccinated people who got an early Omi-
and ‘peace’. This article aims to look at how India and make shots targeting those two highly cron infection initially made antibodies
has been spoken about in the UNGA by analysing contagious Omicron lineages. But the FDA’s aimed at the original strain, but six months
the corpus (bit.ly/3DKbli0) of texts of General request came in June, too late for clinical later had developed antibodies against BA.1.
Debate statements from 1970 (Session 25) to 2020 tests of those vaccines to be run before fall Another team of researchers found that
(Session 75). The words included in this analysis are season. So the agency authorized the BA.4/ B-cells of people vaccinated with Moderna’s
‘India’, ‘India’s’ and ‘Indians’. BA.5-aimed shots prior to having data on BA.1 vaccine were capable of recognizing
Let us look at how many times India was men- their efficacy—a decision some public both the old and new strains of the virus.
tioned by non-Indian leaders from 1970 to 2020. health experts criticized but would assure Like the research suggesting the current
The year with highest mentions in UNGA debates new jab protection before a winter wave. boosters are no better than the old ones,
was 1971, while the one with the least was 1975. Two things happened next. The Joe both these studies are based on small num-
For a detailed analysis, we divide the time period hensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. The three main used when the country is talked about. A graph of Biden administration, without actual data bers of people and have yet to undergo peer
of 1970-2020 into three intervals: 1970-1990, objectives (bit.ly/3NiJE2P) of the 1998 nuclear tests this reveals a skewed distribution when it to comes on the shots, over-promised what these review. In other words, there’s still a lot of
1991-2010 and 2011-2020. were to validate new designs, declare India as a to countries that talk about India. The difference in bivalent boosters could offer. And scientists work to do to understand the nuances of our
Calls for peace: During the 1970-1990 period, nuclear-weapon state and generate an acceptance mentions between the highest (Pakistan with 590 sceptical of their benefits, particularly in immune response to this virus. These ques-
there was a major peak in mentions. India was of India as a responsible state. The tests asserted mentions) and second highest (Bhutan with 56) is people at lower risk of serious infection, tions are made all the more complex by the
mentioned as many as 161 times in 1971, the year of India’s rising position. After another decline, there truly vast. India and Pakistan’s adversarial and ever- continued to air concerns over their rollout. increasingly variable levels of exposure to
an India-Pakistan war. The war was a major event in was a shift in the way India was talked about in the changing relations throughout the past half century Neither approach is helpful. Government vaccination and the virus—some people
Indian history that carved out the independent UNGA thereafter. In contrast to the earlier years are the cause of such a sharp skew. officials oversold the shots’ ability to better have been vaccinated but never boosted,
nation of Bangladesh and defined India’s emerging when India was mentioned in unfavourable con- For the context, the analysis looked at four words protect against current and future Omicron others have had anywhere from 3 to 5 shots,
role in foreign politics. It was a huge military victory texts, positive mention of India starting from spoken before and after a mention of ‘India’. The variants and suggested this shield could last some none at all, and within these groups,
for New Delhi and proclaimed India as an emerging around the mid-2000s. While some countries in word cloud generated by this shows that the single through next fall without actual data to back most people have been infected by one or
power in South Asia. Countries that spoke about the 2005, for example, conveyed their support for India word most heavily associated with India in the up those claims. That approach could back- more strains of the virus.
war extensively talked about matters concerning on being considered for permanent membership UNGA was ‘Pakistan’, which can be attributed to fire if people wind up needing another dose The urgency to answer questions about
refugees and improving relations between the two for the UN Security Council, in 2008 leaders lauded the long history shared by both. Alongside, other in the spring, or the shots need further work the value of updated vaccines amid their
adversaries. A lot of mentions even in the later years India’s growth and membership of BRICS. nations like Japan, Brazil and China have been for newer variants. Rushing out preliminary controversial rollout is understandable.
were related to the 1971 war, its impact and how Towards a Solidified Presence: The most recent mentioned alongside India, which could be data on the shots’ value could discourage an Pharma companies have not always moved
peace must be promoted for the reconciliation of period under analysis, 2011-2020, saw India fre- explained by India’s growing engagement with already vaccine-weary public at a time when fast enough to provide robust data on covid
the two subcontinental nations. It must also be quently brought up in UNGA speeches. Many of other economies. a winter covid wave is likely approaching. products that are already being widely used.
noted that India wasn’t a big economy at that time, these mentions have been positive. India’s name India has been on a long road of growth and Just 19.4 million out of more than 226 mil- And arriving at a complete understanding of
so some mentions could also have been made with- began being taken constantly alongside those of marked its presence on the world’s most prominent lion eligible people in the US have received their value is essential to crafting a sensible
out much economic consideration. bigger economies, thereby showing a change in global platform over the years. In the 1970s, when the new booster. strategy for future boosters.
Tragedies, tests and then a thriving economy: In the its importance. Many of these mentions cited India India was only mentioned in times of conflict and First, let’s be clear that people who are Data on the first few weeks after infection
1991-2010 phase, India was mentioned 83 times in as an example of a fast-growing nation. While calamity, there has been a shift over the years, espe- due for a booster are not worse off for having is just another snippet of information in that
1993 because of the Latur earthquake. Leaders numerous countries mentioned India with the aim cially in the last decade, with India being talked gotten the bivalent one. The question is quest. I hope that other, more essential
expressed their sympathy for people who were of fostering close international ties and maintaining about and lauded for the path of progress it has whether they are better protected than they information will arrive soon, like whether
impacted because of the quake and appealed for good relations, some also lauded India for its devel- taken. What is also important to note is how India’s would have been if given a booster with the our immune response to updated vaccines
necessary support to be provided. After a decline for opment and leadership. Except for 2019, when the position in the current Russia-Ukraine war has been original formulation. The answer to that matures over time, and whether the shots’
some years, the most mentions (86 times) in this Pulwama attack took place and India responded, steadfast and consistent. This testifies that India has question is still up in the air. The two studies protection against serious disease can last
interval came at the time of India’s Pokhran II there has been a change in how India is being talked managed to make a mark internationally. that emerged [last week] found that people through the entire winter and spring.
nuclear tests in 1998, which also happens to be the about at the UN. It is mostly in a positive light. New Delhi has been highlighting the need for who got updated bivalent boosters pro- But while the jury is out on whether these
year of the second most mentions in the entire half Who is talking the most about India and how? : In dialogue and diplomacy (bit.ly/3fgRGwx) globally. duced a similar level and mix of neutralizing vaccines brought out in America are truly
century of 1970-2020. Broadly, speakers from vari- addition to looking at how many times India is men- With appropriate domestic and foreign policies, antibodies (the immune system’s first line of better than the old ones that people got,
ous countries condemned these tests and urged tioned, it is also important to see which countries India’s international presence will continue to grow defence) as people who received another there’s no reason for at-risk people not to go
India to go for disarmament and sign the Compre- mention India the most, and what words are most in the years to come. dose of the original booster. get one. ©BLOOMBERG

MY VIEW | PArAllAx ViEw

Europe’s Nato ‘gardeners’ can’t deny what they sowed


Delhi to publicly warn of “consequences” if EU is not “blindly following” the US. How- investigating who could be responsible for Kyiv government and a separatist movement
SANDIPAN DEB India did not fall in line with Western sanc- ever, ever since the war began, it seems to be the act, but I have a feeling that the findings funded and armed by Moscow. Russia and
tions on Russia. taking all its cues from Washington, while of these probes will never be made public. Ukraine signed the Minsk agreements, medi-
Borrell suggests that Europe is morally bearing much higher costs than the US. In This war was arguably made inevitable by ated by France and Germany, to end the
superior to the rest of the world, so everyone fact, this has put all three admirable qualities gardeners going to the jungle. Despite pro- fighting, with Kyiv promising to grant some
should follow its lead: “It is the best combina- of Europe that he cited at threat. tests from Moscow, the US-led North Atlan- autonomy to Donbas. But Kyiv reneged on

E
urope is a garden and most of the rest tion of political freedom, economic prosper- EU countries are buying gas at sky-high tic Treaty Organization (Nato) kept moving that deal and Nato began to supply high-
of the world is a jungle that could ity and social cohesion that humankind has rates from the US and its military bases closer to grade weapons and training to Ukraine’s mil-
invade this garden. Thus spake Josep been able to build.” But this supposedly China, which is reselling Russia. There is incontro- itary. The moment Joe Biden became US
Borrell, foreign policy chief of the EU some crowning glory of Homo sapiens has been Russian gas to them at a Assumptions of vertible evidence that it president, he started speaking about a possi-
days ago, addressing a gathering of young achieved through centuries of plunder, loot nice profit. Five weeks ago, was the US that engineered ble Russian invasion of Ukraine. When
European diplomats. He then exhorted his and genocide on a scale unmatched in his- the Nordstream pipelines, the West being and funded the ‘Orange Ukrainian President Vladimir Zelensky
audience to “go to the jungle”—“Your duty tory. A vast majority of people in the world the main arteries carrying Revolution’ of 2014 in announced that he would apply for Nato
will not be to take care of the garden itself today may well believe that Europe has no Russian gas to Europe and
a garden against Ukraine, whose Moscow- membership, he knowingly crossed a line in

is a former editor of ‘Financial


but (of) the jungle outside.”
Borrell’s words raised a stink and he had to
right to preach to them.
In September, the EU called for a Tanza-
in which German compa-
nies have invested billions
an unruly jungle backed and democratically
elected president had to
the sand that Putin had drawn years ago.
Today, Europe is headed towards a deep
Express’, and founder-editor of
‘Open’ and ‘Swarajya’
apologize. But should we be surprised by
what he said?
nia-Uganda oil pipeline project to be
scrapped, citing environmental concerns.
of euros, were sabotaged.
This has two consequen-
could explain flee the country. Joe Biden,
then vice-president, was in
recession due to the Ukraine war. The gar-
den is under a severe attack of blight. But the
magazines All that Borrell had done was explicitly Both countries asked the EU to back off. ces. One, Russia loses quite Europe’s crisis charge of the US’s Ukraine gardeners themselves are responsible, to a
articulate what should have been obvious to Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni called a bit of the leverage it still policy. Soon after that fair extent, for the damage. Millions of people
anyone paying attention since the war in the EU “insufferable, so shallow, so egocen- had over Europe, which of war today change in regime, his son in Europe are having to bear hardships
Ukraine began—that the West and its leaders tric”. A few weeks ago, in a major setback for has been scrambling to find Hunter Biden joined the because their leaders are working to fulfil an
never really outgrew racism and colonialism. the EU, which is already facing an energy other gas supplies to tide board of Burisma, a Ukrain- agenda aimed at constraining Russia that was
In the early days of the war, correspond- crisis, the Organization of the Petroleum over the winter. Two, the EU gets locked into ian energy firm, at a monthly salary of hatched in Washington many years ago,
ents from leading British and American Exporting Countries (OPEC) cut production the sanctions regime, since lifting embar- $50,000. Hunter Biden had no prior experi- though Putin’s Russia presented no threat to
news channels expressed shock that “people of oil. And Saudi Arabia now wants to join goes will still keep it cut off from Russian gas ence in the energy sector. the EU. Europe is going into a decline. And it
with blue eyes and blonde hair” were being the BRICS club of Brazil, Russia, India, transported directly and at a much lower Russia’s Vladimir Putin responded to the will not recover unless its leaders realize that
killed in “a relatively civilized, relatively China and South Africa. cost. Both Russia and Europe are losers here. Orange Revolution by annexing Crimea. the age of their empire is long gone, and that
European country, not Iraq or Afghanistan”. But who really owns the garden of But someone must have scored a win. Ukraine descended into civil war in its Rus- their notions of superiority and global influ-
An American bureaucrat flew down to New Europe? In his speech, Borrell said that the Germany, Sweden and Denmark are sian-majority Donbas region between the ence are an illusion.
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12
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��� �����
Embrace your fear. Imagine what
you’re most afraid of, touch it and Maria
hold it so that you rob it of its power Ressa

08 CHENNAI MONDAY 31 10 2022


� �

T
he new National Curriculum The State cannot be allowed to interfere, as a matter public and private schools across the coun-
Framework (NCF) recently try. This is not to say that Hindi should not
INDIAN EXPRESS IS NOT AN launched by Dharmendra Prad- of law, since it relates to the future of the child. This be taught in schools. On the contrary, Hindi
INDUSTRY. IT IS A MISSION. han recommended that a child’s is indeed a matter of privacy and personal liberty should be taught not with intent to supplant
— Ramnath Goenka mother tongue should be the pri- English but for it to be a language of com-

IMPOSING LANGUAGE
mary medium of instruction, mon parlance across the country.
both in public and private schools Besides, the Union should not have the
up to Standard VIII. In fact, the NCF of 2000 right to control the language which a child

NOT EASY FOR AAP


indicated that the medium of instruction
should ideally be the mother tongue at all AN ASSAULT ON must embrace while studying. Hindi, as the
mother tongue, is prevalent in several states

INDIA’S DIVERSITY
stages of school education. This is because in India. In those states, young students will

TO WRIGGLE OUT OF globally, educationists recognise that


children learn best when taught in their
not be conversant in any language other
than Hindi because they may not wish to

GUJARAT HAWALA MUCK mother tongue, especially in the early years


of childhood. This allows the child to ab-
learn any regional language if English is
discontinued as the medium of instruction

F
sorb much more than when taught in a non- in higher education. They then will be de-
or a party that rose like a phoenix from the ashes of a mas- familiar language. prived of the opportunity to learn English.
sive anti-corruption campaign, the AAP’s degeneration India is uniquely placed because of the This is hardly a progressive way of dealing
into the cesspool of ill-gotten wealth has been total. The diversity of its population. Our regional KAPIL Senior lawyer and with the future of our children.
languages are rich in literature. That wealth SIBAL member of Rajya Sabha What language a child should be taught
party, which is already embroiled in a spate of corruption
is part of our cultural heritage and must be in, is ultimately the choice parents must
cases, is now trying to shake off allegations of funnelling
protected. It is perhaps for that reason that exercise, subject to the policy of the State.
black money into poll-bound Gujarat through the hawala route. linguistic minorities have the protection of What other languages a child must learn
This newspaper was the first to expose its hawala underbelly. the Constitution. should again be left to parents till the child
What seemed like a simple case of theft of `20 lakh from the Recently, the home minister cited the can decide on her own. The State cannot
locked car of AAP candidate in south Gujarat’s Bardoli seat recommendation of the Committee of be allowed to interfere, as a matter of law,
Rajendra Solanki ended up opening a can of worms. Driver Parliament on Official Language, headed since it relates to the future of the child.
Santosh Parasar had found the car broken into and alerted his by him, that the medium of instruction This is indeed a matter of privacy and
should mandatorily be Hindi in all techni- personal liberty.
boss. Solanki first claimed it was his money and Santosh was cal and non-technical institutions includ- The home minister, if he seeks to imple-
his driver before he disowned both, saying it was party money ing central universities, and that gradually, ment what he said, would be treading into
received from an angadia (hawala outlet) and that Santosh was English should be replaced with Hindi the sensitive area of personal liberty. To
the AAP’s pointsman handling cash distribution in the area. as the medium of instruction in those insti- learn a language is a matter of choice. It is
The subsequent probe established the money trail originating tutions. This would apply not only to the personal to every individual and any impo-
from Punjab, going to Delhi and from there to an Ahmedabad- IITs and IIMs but also to the All India sition by the State is an assault on privacy.
Institute of Medical Sciences, Kendriya India’s diversity is under assault, and uni-
based angadia before its distribution through the state’s anga-
Vidyalayas and Navodaya Vidyalayas, formity is not an answer, for it makes for
dia network across all constituencies to bankroll party which fall in the category of non-technical divisive politics which tears asunder rather
activities. institutions. than unites.
The episode also raises questions about Solanki’s political In this context, the Committee also rec- Language is a means of communication
savvy since any neta with even a modicum of intelligence ommended that recruitment to the central and the more conversant we are in a par-
wouldn’t have implicated the angadia network of his party on services should also be in Hindi and that ticular language, the more connected we
the mandatory English language question will be. Communication in a particular lan-
record. Tells you something about the quality of talent in AAP’s
papers be discontinued. This way, employ- SOUMYADIP SINHA guage between two individuals of diverse
Gujarat unit. Though the proliferation of black money during ees will acquire the requisite working backgrounds also leads to a level of comfort
elections is the worst-kept secret of the land, no skilled political knowledge of Hindi. sive power, which allows the Union to deter- across the world, the young desire to learn in relationships.
operator would ever admit himself or his party dabbling in it. On October 16, 2022, the home minister mine the language in which students are English because it helps enrich their knowl- Why would the home minister deprive
AAP founder Arvind Kejriwal could well be ruing his decision launched an MBBS course in Hindi for the to be taught, especially in institutions of edge especially in areas of research and our students of that opportunity in the
to give the ticket to Solanki. With law enforcement agencies at first time in the country, claiming that the higher education, is an assault on our fed- scientific developments. digital age while students around the
AAP’s door, wriggling out of the charges may not be easy. launch symbolises the renaissance and re- eral structure. It is time for state govern- Access to such knowledge platforms world are communicating with each other,
construction of the education sector and ments to speak up and oppose this regres- allows our students to be empowered. Why maybe, through online learning, which is a
On a different note, if a party needs to bring in funds from that in engineering studies too, Hindi sive process which will deprive young then would any government deprive new mode of education in certain specific
outside in cash-rich Gujarat, it would indicate its lack of roots should be the medium of instruction. Char- students as well as institutions committed our students of access to knowledge which areas of knowledge? Why should our
in the state. Parachuting and carper bombing like the party did tering such a course is possible because the to research, of access to knowledge in the is a means of self-realisation? Such a policy, students be deprived of this opportunity
in Goa months before elections cannot be expected to fetch tan- Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976 English language. if implemented, will impact the future while not being fully conversant in the
gible results. In the absence of a solid talent pool, the AAP’s included education in List–III, covering While across the world, students are of young students seeking to conquer English language?
latest phone-in campaign to crowdsource its chief ministerial technical and medical education and uni- learning English because it has become a the world. I can only say that foisting uniformity
versities as well as vocational and technical global lingua franca, the home minister’s English is an aspirational language. That is antithetical to the access to knowledge.
face appears to be nothing but a jumla. And perhaps to divert
training of labour. statement suggests that India is moving is why, across the country, even the poor and If it is politics and politics alone, I can
attention from the black money dirt, Kejriwal sought to change None thought that the Union would man- in the opposite direction. In the process, the marginalised wish to learn and speak understand the push of the home minister.
media headlines by proposing to add images of Hindu deities date state governments to discontinue our aspirational youth may get isolated it, for even a little proficiency in it opens up But the future of our children is more
on bank notes. That was another jumla. English as the medium of instruction from the wealth of knowledge that is avail- avenues for seeking employment. That is important than the politics of the home
and substitute it with Hindi in medical and able to those familiar with English. Be it why, along with the mother tongue, English minister.

NEED TO GET INFLATION


engineering institutions. Such an expan- China, Japan, France or other countries is taught as one of the languages in both (Tweets @KapilSibal)

TARGET RATES RIGHT


AS THEY SAY, ‘NOTHING
T
he RBI’s inflation mandate was deemed a gentlemen’s

PROPINKS LIKE PROPINQUITY’


agreement and never meant to be broken. Though the
Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has the luxury of Striking a balance
blaming the 6% breach on supply-side faults like high oil Prabhu Chawla aptly pointed out in his
prices, there’s an emerging view that the central bank’s column, The truth behind Britain under
Hindu Rishi Raj (Oct 30), the excessive

C
pursuit of price stability needs a revisit. The government and
an we become ‘good’ by associat- euphoria shown by Indians over Rishi Sunak’s
RBI agreed to a status quo during last year’s review following
ing with what is good? Can we appointment as UK PM. Although that is a
the completion of MPC’s first five-year tenure. But inflation in learn something about the true, great feat, likening Sunak to Kamala Harris is
the post-pandemic era seems tethered to temporary but repeated RENUKA NARAYANAN
ephemeral nature of life? Sri Ra- unfair and unacceptable. Rishi Sunak actually
supply shocks, causing severe food and energy crises seen makrishna Paramahamsa (1836– shares many similarities with Tulsi Gabbard
in recent history. 1886), the great savant, thought in terms of striking the right balance between
As Deputy Governor Michael Patra has indicated in his so. His parables or teaching sto- FAITHLINE national fervour and one’s roots.
speeches, MPC meetings and independent articles, India’s infla- ries are a precious legacy. Some are very Venkat Desikan, Chennai
brief but contain profound meaning. professional impersonator who dressed deeply that the character should live in him
tion target needs an update. He believes estimates of threshold A parable that I particularly like is about up as a god or goddess. He was a one-man during his enactment. Bharat establishing itself
inflation, beyond which inflation retards growth, worked out to an old sadhu. He lived above the naubat show enacting tales from theology and was When he’d started out with a troupe, he I read Prabhu Chawla’s column on Rishi
6% in the pre-pandemic period but now need re-estimation. Oth- khana or music room at the Dakshineshwar once in great demand in rural Bengal, con- had worked his way up from playing an at- Sunak, and something came to my mind.
ers agree that both the 4% target and the tolerance band of 2% Kali temple in Calcutta, as it was then stantly travelling from place to place and to tendant and a junior demon to the biggest EAM Jaishankar has been telling the world
on either may be widened to accommodate measurement issues, called. He didn’t speak a word to a soul religious fairs. role of all–Lord Shiva. He had then gone that every nation must act in its best
forecast errors and supply shocks and, lastly, failure to be de- but spent all his time in silent meditation Jogen’s patron saint was Sri Chaitanya solo. He trained with village wrestlers to interests. This applies not only to our beloved
and prayer. Mahaprabhu (1486–1534) who had rekindled build his body. He found himself greatly Bharat but to all countries. Our nation is
fined to four as against three consecutive quarters of deviation
One day, a big, black cloud darkened the Krishna-love in thousands of hearts and drawn to the damaru or hand-drum of Lord wise enough to comprehend the views and
for monetary policy to remain credible. sky. But after a little while, a sudden, strong rediscovered all the lost holy sites of Sri Shiva, and carefully chose his trishul, tiger- concerns in this column. We are in the process
Even if the remit remains unchanged until its following re- wind blew the cloud away. The sadhu came Krishna’s childhood in Vrindavan. Chait- patterned cloth around the waist, wig of of establishing ourselves. I thank Prabhu
view in 2026, the central bank must urgently make efforts to out of the room and began to sing and dance matted hair, and a metal snake to wear on Chawla for this column as it helped me reflect
reduce forecast errors. For instance, since 2016 when the infla- on the verandah. When asked about this his neck. He developed an artistic hand in on the same. Best wishes to him and TNIE.
tion target regime began, RBI’s inflation readings saw both over- unusual merriment, the sadhu laughed and decorating his body with lines of ash and in A Rajakumar, email
said, “Such is Maya, the illusion that covers painting a third eye on his forehead.
estimation and underestimation, while GDP growth projections Kerala strife
life. First there is a clear sky, then there is a The more he learned about Lord Shiva,
saw persistent overestimation. Accuracy in economic forecasts dark cloud and then it’s a clear sky again, the more Jogen loved him. Was there ever I read with interest Dr J Prabhash’s column,
is central to any inflation-targeting regime, as monetary policy just as before.” such an unselfish god, who had drunk poi- Kerala Chancellor, Govt, Higher Education (Oct
decisions are based entirely on internal projections. Another In terms of everyday life, the message in son to save the world and did not care for the 30). It is true that the Pinarayi government
aspect that has vexed public opinion relates to the adverse im- this story seems to be that our misfortunes treasures churned from the Ocean of Milk? and the governor are at loggerheads. Like
pact of supply shocks, even though it lies outside the realm of too might blow away if we put in the strong FILE PICTURE Jogen felt his eyes smart with tears think- the columnist says, this will affect the future
monetary policy. In India, the prominence of food and fuel in the wind of effort. I don’t discount the element ing of it. of the children. The governor is also not a
of luck, which is what prayer is for. One evening, Jogen was invited to per- yes man and is a scholar in his own right.
consumption basket amplifies the dominance of supply-side A related parable is about the ant that dis- The more he learned about Lord form for a rich landlord on his estate. Oil Hopefully, sense will prevail!
shocks, and perhaps it’s only reasonable to hold the government covered a heap of sugar. One grain was lamps were lit and tall, flaring fire-torches Dr Harsha N Biliangady, email
accountable for food and fuel price fluctuations.
Shiva, the more Jogen loved him.
enough to fill its stomach. It set off towards were planted at the four corners of his per-
Though executed by RBI, monetary policy is essentially a con- its anthill carrying another grain. It thought Was there ever such an unselfish forming space. The villagers assembled ex- Kangana in 2024 polls
tract between the sovereign—via the central bank—and the triumphantly, “Next time I will take the god, who had drunk poison to save citedly, chattering and laughing as they Apropos of Keen to fight 2024 polls from
people. As Patra noted, it’s an assurance by the sovereign to citi- whole sugar hill.” This story seems directed the world and did not care for the took their places. Mandi: Kangana (Oct 30). Many successful
at our ignorance if we covet everything we treasures churned from the Ocean As he sang his opening invocation, Jogen actors like Hema Malini, Kirron Kher, etc., have
zens about the money they can trust, that doesn’t lose purchas-
see. Greed makes us weak, not strong, and felt something stir deep in his heart. He made their mark in politics. Kangana could
ing power and stores future value. Put another way, price stabil- vulnerable to disappointment and frustra- of Milk? played Lord Shiva with every ounce of feel- very well serve the nation if fortune favours
ity is a shared responsibility between the government and the tion as the cautionary tales in every creed ing that he had. The crowd was enchanted her in national politics.
central bank, and the sovereign is equally answerable. inform us. anya had preached equality and brother- and roared in applause at the end. Deeply P Victor Selvaraj, Tirunelveli
Another telling parable is about the stew- hood and thrown himself into religious moved, the landlord took off his pearl neck-
ard of a landlord’s country estate. He took ecstasy, singing and dancing with his fol- lace and offered it to Jogen. But what was Police uniforms
Q U I C K TA K E to fantasizing that he was its lord and mas- lowers on the streets of Nabadwip in Ben- this? Jogen raised his arms above his head PM Modi has mooted the ‘one nation, one
ter. He told everybody he met that the house gal. It was he who had added new lustre to and declined. The landlord shrugged and police uniform’ policy. But the problem
WOMEN’S UNEQUAL STATUS and the property were all his. One terrible
day, however, the landlord caught him out
the ‘Jatra’, the old travelling theatre form.
One memorable evening, he had played the
went home.
The next morning, he was surprised to
is the politicisation of the police. Police
departments dance to the tunes of the party

W
in the deceit. He thrashed the steward role of Princess Rukmini so perfectly that see Jogen at the door, politely asking for the in power. This unprofessional culture must
omen MPs outnumber men in New Zealand’s parliament soundly and threw him out of the grounds. nobody could tell it was he. This was the necklace. “But why didn’t you take it last change. Will the PM think of this?
for the first time. Rwanda, Cuba and the UAE parliaments The steward could not even take his old, beautiful ideal of investing yourself so evening?” he asked. “How could I, sir? I was Geetha B K, Mangaluru
rank next. Over half the members are women. Closer dented pans with him, the only things he deeply in the character that a profound playing Lord Shiva and the Great God does
home, they make up 30% of Nepal’s lower house. In India, the owned. I cannot help feeling rather sorry sense of ‘vesha’ or attire, meaning the char- not accept money or valuables,” said Jogen. Respecting the dead
count is 81 (14.94%). Since 1996, parliament has failed to reserve for the delusional steward although I know acter’s inner spirit, descended on you. “What if I refuse now?” said the landlord, Apropos of No land for cremation of 70-year-
33% of seats—not even half—in the Lok Sabha and state assem- he did wrong. Our karma has the nasty ten- Jogen took the preparation for his roles intrigued. “That is a chance I had to take, old converted Christian (Oct 30). Honouring
dency of catching up with us, and we are very seriously. With each layer of clothes sir,” said Jogen humbly. “But I could not let the dead is the mark of a civilised society.
blies for women. In a country steeped in patriarchy, most male
left repenting our misdeeds. and make-up, he took on the character’s down Lord Shiva.” The lands for their disposal are parts of the
politicians are unwilling to share power and their pockets of A parable I love retelling is that of a bo- smallest likely mannerisms. Last of all, be- Such, said Sri Ramakrishna, is the influ- same Earth after all, and don’t belong to any
voter support with women. Their unequal status in the legisla- huroopi or folk artiste. Let’s call him Jogen. fore he placed the character’s wig or crown ence of associating with something holy. particular community.
ture is a glass ceiling yet to break. A bohuroopi, meaning ‘many forms’, was a on his head, he shut his eyes and prayed (shebaba09@gmail.com) Dr M Haneef, Kottayam

THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS


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06 OPINION THE TRIBUNE
GURUGRAM | MONDAY | 31 OCTOBER 2022

Pak Generals recalibrate


THE TRIBUNE established in 1881
Claim the army will remain apolitical; no hand in journalist’s murder
Khan. He also said Bajwa had suo
motu raised the cipher sent by the
Pakistani ambassador in Washington

Pak terror & UN’s helplessness of his conversation with US official


Donald Lu but the PM had dismissed
it as of no consequence.
14 years on, 26/11 plotters remain unpunished The two Generals stressed that

F
Arshad faced no threat in Pakistan and
OURTEEN years after the 26/11 Mumbai terror attack, External VIVEK KATJU
did not want to leave the country. They
Affairs Minister S Jaishankar spoke some bitter truths about how EX-SECRETARY, MINISTRY OF
EXTERNAL AFFAIRS indicated that he was in touch with the
ineffectual the UN has been in stamping out cross-border terrorism. agencies. They implied that though
Speaking at the UN’s Counter-Terrorism Committee meeting in Mumbai — his criticism, which in the cipher mat-

T
at Taj Hotel, the scene of the greatest devastation in the November 2008 HE Director-General of ter was on the basis of the misinforma-
attack — Jaishankar made a presentation during which an audio recording Inter-Services Intelligence tion fed to him by the PTI, may not
of Sajid Mir, one of the attack planners, speaking to the terrorists was played. (ISI), Lt Gen Nadeem have been liked by the army, it held
‘...the key conspirators and planners of the 26/11 attack continue to remain Anjum, joined the Director- him in high esteem. They indicated
protected and unpunished,’ Jaishankar said, adding that the Security General of Inter Services Press Rela- that Arshad was persuaded to leave
Council had not been able to act ‘in some cases because of political consid- tions (ISPR), Lt Gen Babar Iftikhar, in Pakistan for Dubai by the PTI leader-
erations’. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken seconded this when he an extraordinary and unprecedented OUTRAGE: The Pakistan army is on the back foot over the recent murder of ship and that his employers, the ARY
said: ‘We have worked with India to put forward nominations to designate press conference on October 27 to TV news anchor Arshad Sharif in Kenya. TWITTER TV channel, had played a dubious
refute the widely growing belief in role in the entire matter. They focused
several terrorists through the UN 1267 Resolution. All relevant parties
should support these designations. No nation can stand in their way. ’
Pakistan — being fanned by former
PM Imran Khan — that the army was
Imran Khan is targeting not only his political opponents at in particular on ARY CEO Salman
Iqbal who, Iftikhar said, should be
Mir is a Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) terrorist whose listing as a global terrorist responsible for the murder of the well- public meetings and media interactions but also the army. brought back to Pakistan for a probe.
was blocked by China at the UN last month. Wang Yanhua, Deputy Consul known and anti-establishment Pak- They also asked why Arshad was sent
General at the Chinese consulate in Mumbai, rightly inferred which ‘nation’ istani TV news anchor, Arshad Sharif, to Kenya from the UAE when there
was being referred to and asked the countries to ‘avoid mutual accusations in Kenya on October 23. The Kenyan Addressing the Oxford University rule of law rings hollow. were over 30 countries which allowed
and politicising technical issues’. The 26/11 attack, in which 10 terrorists from police have claimed that he was killed Union virtually on October 25, Khan Indirectly, ISI and ISPR DGs Pakistanis visa-free entry.
Pakistan killed 166 people, has become hostage to vested interests of nations, in a case of mistaken identity when asserted that as PM he sought to accused Khan of wanting the army Bajwa is now in open confrontation
undermining the UN resolve to deal with terrorism. The issue is all the more his vehicle drove through a road- ensure the establishment of the rule of to go beyond its constitutional role with the PTI, which has sought to
sensitive because there is evidence that the attack was planned, facilitated and block. Few Pakistanis believe this law in Pakistan. That meant that the to save his government. They deny the charges levelled against
directed by army officials such as Col R Sadatullah of Pakistan’s Special Com- claim. The government has appoint- powerful should be held accountable. repeatedly emphasised that the Khan during the press conference. A
munications Organisation, a telecommunication agency run by the army. ed a special investigation team led by However, the military’s view on the army, after extensive consultations new army chief will be appointed
Ajmal Kasab, the only surviving terrorist from the group of 10, was hanged the head of the Federal Investigation rule of law was different from his and among its leaders, including those within the coming days; hence, this
Agency to examine all the circum- corruption for them ‘was no big deal’. officers who would potentially lead conference was Bajwa’s attempt to
in 2012 after a trial in India. However, the plotters of the attack — including
stances leading to Arshad’s death. This was ironic, coming from a man it in the next 10 to 15 years, had set the record straight. It is difficult to
members of the Pakistani army and LeT co-founder Hafiz Saeed — have
The army and the ISI have kept who, during the same interaction, dis- firmly decided to remain ‘apoliti- forecast if his endeavours will chip
managed to escape punishment. It was only due to the pressure by the Finan- themselves away from it. missed the Toshakhana case against cal’ and confine itself to its mandat- away at Khan’s present popularity.
cial Action Task Force, the global watchdog against money-laundering and The press conference, during him as ‘too ridiculous to explain it to ed role. DG (ISPR) asserted that the What is clear, though, is that the
terrorist financing, that Saeed was convicted on charges of terror financing which the Generals revealed embar- you’. The Election Commission of army had made ‘mistakes’ in the incoming army chief will have to deal
and given a 33-year jail sentence. However, Pakistan has failed to act against rassing information about Khan — Pakistan (ECP) has held Khan guilty past but was washing them away with an economy in tatters and a frac-
the plotters, confirming the suspicion that they are members of the army. This without directly naming him — and of corruption for not following the through the blood it had shed over tured polity and keep the army
is a sad commentary on the state of the UN’s effectiveness. raised suspicions about the role of specified rules on the gifts received by the past two decades. immune from the political situation.
those who wish to spread doubts him from foreign dignitaries and mak- They also accused Khan of meeting Even if it desires, it would not be easy
about the army’s character among ing a great deal of money by selling Bajwa at night to make requests, only for the army to shed its political role.
the people — again, a clear reference some of them. The ECP has disquali- to criticise him in the morning. DG During the press conference, a cor-

Girls sold to repay loans to Khan — shows that army chief


Qamar Bajwa and his Generals have
decided to take the battle against
fied him from holding on to his current
seat in the National Assembly. His
actions in this matter have been dis-
(ISI) said he was personally present at
a meeting in March, where Khan
assured Bajwa of further extension in
respondent asked if there could be
any Indian involvement in Arshad’s
murder. Iftikhar could not resist say-
Getting to the bottom of Rajasthan shocker is vital Khan to the people’s court. This has graceful but do not seem to have dent- service. What was left unsaid was that ing that the role of a third party or a
become necessary because of ed his popularity. It appears that the this would be so if the army chief ‘hostile agency’ cannot be ruled out.

T
HE National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and the Nation- Khan’s popularity, as witnessed in people feel that his ‘corruption’ is helped Khan to fend off the political The fact is that Pakistan is tear-
al Commission for Women (NCW) have done well to initiate action his electoral successes in the byelec- small potatoes compared to that of oth- challenges he was facing. Bajwa ing itself apart through its own
by taking suo motu notice of a newspaper report which says that tions. Khan is not only targeting his er politicians. While this may be so, the refused Khan’s offer. basic flaws. It would be a foolish
men in Rajasthan are selling their young daughters and sisters to repay political opponents during his public fact is that he has shown the same DG (ISPR) also reiterated that there ‘third party’ to intrude in a
loans. CM Ashok Gehlot, who initially tried to dismiss the report as an meetings and media interactions but sticky fingers as the rest of Pakistani was no evidence to support PTI’s process that Pakistan is itself
‘old one’, has had to bow down as clamour grew over the horrible hap- also the Generals. politicians and, hence, his call for the claims on a foreign conspiracy to oust doing so successfully!
penings. Along with the CM’s promise of catching and punishing the
guilty, the NHRC and NCW intervention should instill fear of the law of

Bitter experience of a sweet gift


the land into anyone commodifying women.
Inevitably, the sold girls end up being sexually abused, tortured,
enslaved and trafficked. One such girl, a minor whose father had to sell
her for Rs 6 lakh, is reported to have been sold three times and become
pregnant four times. The moneylenders are rich sharks who exploit Opinder Singh Lamba magaz and shredded coconut. Hav- jaggery purchase. The audit officer process for seeking exemption
poverty-ridden families stuck in the quagmire of loans taken for the ing no clue about the nitty-gritty of pointed out several shortcomings, from the finance department

A
treatment of a sick family member or other exigencies. The scenario rais- FTER joining the Information government purchase due to lack of like initiating purchases without through the minister in charge.
es concerns about the prevalence of an organised trafficking ring run by and Public Relations Depart- experience, we ultimately clinched inviting quotations or constituting a The department gave concurrence
the high and mighty, enjoying impunity. A thorough investigation and ment, Punjab, in 1986, I and the deal by placing an order with a specific committee for the assigned to regularise the purchase, with a
exemplary action against the criminals are warranted. another newly recruited colleague prominent dealer to supply 100 gift task. Considering it a serious finan- rider to issue a stern warning to the
This regressive mode of justice is being delivered by caste panchayats, were tasked with procuring gift packs of masala gur at the rate of cial irregularity, the audit party delinquent officers to be very care-
whose writ still runs in many rural areas of North India. The disputing parties packs of masala gur (jaggery), which Rs 45 per kg. He asked us to pay asked the Senior Accounts Officer ful while adhering to the guide-
prefer to approach these kangaroo courts; non-compliance of the verdict is a were to be distributed among jour- Rs 1,000 in advance against the to make recovery of the entire lines of financial propriety.
nalists on Lohri as a goodwill gesture total purchase amount of Rs 4,500. amount in 12 instalments, including We were exonerated, but consider-
crushing ostracism from the community. Settling matters of marriage, inher-
by the then Director. We did so and were told to collect penal interest, from our salaries. ing that ignorance of the law is no
itance and also, apparently, loans, these panchayats have been largely known
We ventured out of the City Beau- the stuff the next day. After mak- The audit officer didn’t issue an excuse for breaking it, we were
for ordering the ‘honour killing’ of couples who opt for inter-caste or inter-faith tiful to spot roadside ghularis ing the remaining payment, we audit note but verbally cautioned us directed to submit an undertaking
marriages. It is abominable that such practices giving ownership rights over around suburbs in Nawanshahr dis- collected the gift packs and to be vigilant in future. that we would meticulously comply
girls and women to men should still be around in this age. Education of both trict, known for high-quality yield returned to Chandigarh, relieved We pleaded before the Secretary to with the government accounting
boys and girls is the key to gender equality and justice. It can change notions of sugarcane. Following a desperate of enormous stress. exempt us from this financial bur- procedure, financial rules and princi-
of what constitutes right and wrong. That some khaps in Haryana are tilting search, we were told by a leading The relief, however, was short- den which was a hefty amount in ples of audit and accounts in future.
towards progressive ideas is encouraging and should inspire Rajasthan. cane grower to visit the gur mandi lived. After a couple of months, an those days of meagre salaries. The Our ordeal was finally over, but the
in Ludhiana to fetch aromatic gur audit party visited our office and Secretary directed the Accounts masala gur left a bitter aftertaste that
peppered with saunf, ajwain, char found glaring discrepancies in the Officer to immediately initiate the persisted throughout my career.

❝ ❞
thought for the day letters to the editor
Strategy is not the consequence of planning, but the
British first Why him; why now? in by women players. Also, pay pari- GM mustard trials
opposite: its starting point. — Henry Mintzberg With reference to ‘Not our man in Apropos of ‘Not our man in Lon- ty at the national and state levels Reference to ‘GM mustard crop’;
London’ (Nous Indica), the author don’ (Nous Indica); there have should follow soon. though it is a great scientific achieve-
has rightly pointed out that Indi- been instances in the past when KRISHAN KANT SOOD, NANGAL ment to indigenously develop genet-
ans are unduly going overboard economies were dwindling and ically modified seeds, we must be
on this day...100 years ago over Rishi Sunak’s elevation as governments were failing that a BCCI shows way conscious of any adverse effect it
Prime Minister of UK. He is of woman was put at the head of the BCCI’s pay equity policy is a his- might have on the ecology. An area of
Indian origin but will undoubted- government. Ministers knew that toric decision. Promoting gender concern is that GM trials are com-
ly safeguard the interests of the eventually the government would equality and equal pay for equal promised due to business interests.
British people. The all-important fail, but they would have a woman work is a significant step that will The Genetic Engineering Appraisal
question is: Why has it taken to blame for it. The article raises a set the platform for growth and Committee’s recommendations to
lahore,tuesday, october 31, 1922
Britain so long to have a person pertinent question — ‘Why development of women’s cricket conduct more field trials to assess
from a minority community at 10 appoint a man of diversity as the in India. It will also encourage their performance and impact in the
ENTRY INTO THE COUNCILS Downing Street? head of a nation known to pride young girls to opt for cricket as a Indian context, before using the vari-
THE report of the C.D. Committee is yet to be published. As will be seen SUBHASH C TANEJA, GURUGRAM itself on its customs?’ The UK career. Such a decision should be ety full-scale, should be heeded.
from a telegram published elsewhere in this issue, the President has fixed economy is failing, inflation is implemented in other fields and RAMESH GUPTA, NARWANA
5th November for its publication. But certain non-co-operating newspapers Little to cheer high, and at such a time, a man of professions, too, eliminating dis-
appear to have got wind of its content already. One of these journals, which There is great hype around Rishi colour has been put in charge. crimination and promoting equali- Delay in medical college
has always been strongly opposed to any change in the programme of non- Sunak, the new PM of Britain Strange, indeed. ty and growth. A medical college at Kapurthala
co-operation, unless it be in the direction of civil disobedience, begins its (‘Not our man in London’). REWANT SHARMA, BY MAIL SHIVANI SHARMA, PANCHKULA was sanctioned by the Centre in
leading article of Friday with the significant words, “Non-co-operation is Indeed, there may not be any rea- 2019 on the occasion of the 550th
dead! Long live the Councils! Such is the new cry of a certain section of non- son for Indians to celebrate. If he is Pay parity, finally Uniformity in uniform birth celebrations of Guru Nanak.
co-operators. To these men, non-co-operation was never a solemn truth, a Churchill or Enoch Powell wor- Refer to ‘Fair play’; BCCI is the sec- Reference to ‘PM Modi moots idea The IMA has already approved the
which is perhaps another way of saying that these non-co-operators never shipper, like many Tories, India has ond cricket board, after New of “One Nation, One Uniform” for MBBS and other classes from ses-
looked upon non-co-operation as anything else than a means to an end, and to be circumspect in dealing with Zealand Cricket, to implement police’; Modi has also sought close sion 2023-24. The basic designs are
even as a means they never considered various parts of its programme the UK. Sunak has already kicked equal pay to male and women play- cooperation among states to tackle complete. People of the area, which
sacrosanct.” Another journal, also of the same school, goes even further and up a row by appointing an ‘anti- ers. Putting women cricketers on a crimes and criminals through is medically backward, shall be
writes with direct reference to the C.D. Committee itself:--“It is an open immigration’ Home Secretary, par with their male counterparts, cooperative federalism, being the grateful if the foundation stone of
secret that the Committee appointed by the Congress to enquire into the Suella Braverman, who has court- albeit for international match fees joint responsibility of the states Guru Nanak medical college is laid
possibility of starting civil disobedience has transformed itself into a ed controversy over her comments only, will encourage more girls to opt and the Centre. Though it may on Gurpurb on November 8. It is
Committee on Council entry. The Committee was appointed to judge the on migrants. Sunak is at the mercy for sports activities, particularly now be for the state home minis- hard to understand why such a long
fitness of the country for civil disobedience. It was irrelevant for it to enquire of his constituents and Tory col- cricket. However, to ensure fair play, ters to take a call, such an innova- delay. A large number of posts of
into the question of Council entry at all. It is also understood that even on leagues. It would be his priority to parity in other emoluments, such as tive idea should not be ignored specialist medical officer/general
this question the Committee has not been able to come to any decision. But protect the ruling party’s policies annual contract and retainership owing to the difference in political medical officer and nurse are lying
whatever the Committee recommends it is undeniable that the question of vis-a-vis British national interests. amount, is needed for recognising ideologies in various states. vacant in the district.
a radical revision of the national programme, involving alterations even on GURPREET SINGH, MOHALI equal hard work and dedication put KUMAR GUPT, BY MAIL GURDIP SINGH BANSAL, KAPURTHALA
basic principles, has been pushed forward with energy by a small section
working from inside the Councils.” Letters to the Editor, typed in double space, should not exceed the 200-word limit. These should be cogently written and can be sent by e-mail to: Letters@tribunemail.com
THE TRIBUNE
GURUGRAM | MONDAY | 31 OCTOBER 2022 OPED 07

Drawing lessons from European conflicts


promise limited annihilation; some-
times, total annihilation. ‘Serious, devastating and threatening’ is how
Today we just have to glance
through European and American Pope Francis termed the situation in Europe in
newspapers to realise that those soci-
eties and their leaders are already
his October 2 statement. No one paid heed to
working out a prelude to another him. For India to emerge a winner in such a
major bout of mutual destruction.
M RAJIVLOCHAN
“Serious, devastating and threaten- scenario would require us to be mentally
HISTORIAN ing” is how Pope Francis officially
characterised the situation in Europe
prepared and understand that European

I
N 2006, the Chinese were glued to a in his statement of October 2, 2022. No conflicts quickly escalate into endgames.
television documentary that was one paid heed to him.
produced in China, The Rise of For India to emerge as a winner in That has been the European way for many
Great Powers. It noticed that there such a scenario would require us to be
was no ‘fall’ of a great power. Rather, mentally prepared and understand
centuries and we ignore it at our own risk.
what once was a great power simply that European conflicts quickly esca-
became irrelevant; the world changed late into endgames. That has been the
and moved on, the once-great power European way for many centuries and OMINOUS: The attack on the Nord Stream pipelines is just the beginning.
continued to do whatever it was doing we ignore it at our own risk. The two The warring groups have vowed to intensify mutual destruction. REUTERS
— sometimes with ever greater energy Great European wars of the first half of
and ferocity — unaware that it had the 20th century were not unique in
become irrelevant. Some of that seems their viciousness; they were in harmo- and reconstructed into an infructuous in a country where a person’s belief sys- something Indians take for granted. in other once-colonised nations survived
to be playing out in the world currently. ny with a long historical pattern that blame game. The thing to remember is tem did not matter. On becoming our Till the East India Company showed for barely a few years, before being
Are we in India prepared to deal with underlies the history of Europe in that Indians tend to avoid threatening own master in 1947, we used a word of us, we never even believed that rulers replaced by dictatorship. That social con-
the consequent transformations? Or which the rivals try to destroy each subjects. They prefer to ‘adjust’ to what- European origin, ‘secularism’, to could have much impact on the life of sensus substantially continues to exist.
will we follow Indian tradition and other as completely as is physically ever comes their way rather than force describe this very Indian lived reality. the common man. We certainly never What seems wanting is a sense of self-
remain unprepared? possible. In those wars, India got changes. Adjusting to the other, adjust- Few in India bothered to notice that believed in annihilation. esteem. We continue to evaluate our-
As winter approaches, European embroiled because it did not have an ing to nature and finding the right bal- even the idea of secularism emerged in Total annihilation with nothing to selves primarily through western eyes.
countries might decide to force their option. However, while India may not ance are features that have characterised Europe after hundreds of years of mutu- succeed it seems foreign to Indic That would never do. Depending on
will on those who hold the key to ener- get entangled in the European con- the Indian way of life. This ignores the al killings in the name of religion. The thought. Even the mythological tandav our own judgements and appreciation
gy. Do remember that in four Indo-Pak flicts of tomorrow, their nature is like- possibility that there could be some chal- people of Europe till the 17th century performed by Shiva is said to be for the of lived realities is always better. To be
wars, neither of the warring parties ly to create problems for India. How lengers, some transformations, that were condemned to have the same reli- purpose of regeneration of the good. able to do that, we need greater confi-
attacked any significant infrastructure India deals with those problems would might not be amenable to mutual adjust- gion as their sovereign. Ultimately, after With its billion-plus population, India dence in ourselves. We also need a
in each other’s territory. In contrast, in significantly affect the lives of Indians. ments. To the Indian mindscape, such a millions had been killed in the wars of survived as a democracy because there much stronger sense of ground reality.
Europe, within a few months of hostil- For historical and cultural reasons, the possibility never seems real. religion, the Pope stepped in to suggest was a substantial but unstated consensus An apocalypse might be around the
ities, the rivals are already inflicting Indian mindscape has great difficulty in In that sense, we have been signifi- a more civilised way of life i.e., the people that we should not tread on each other’s corner. To get ready for it, physical
mortal harm on each other, targeting imagining destruction, let alone one that cantly different from Europe and, much would not be compelled to be of the same toes, allow everyone space to grow, and if resources in terms of food, money and
civilians and even hospitals. The is total. In the autumn of 1947, we were more fortunate. Muslim chroniclers do religion as the sovereign. Over the years, needed, use the authority of the State to munitions are not enough. We need to
attacks on the Nord Stream pipelines caught napping by the Pakistanis who talk about the invasions of India from this thought came to be called ‘secular- stop those who try to, intend to, hope to, accept that others might be involved in
and the Kerch Strait Bridge were just invaded Kashmir. Over a decade later, in the 12th century onwards and boast that ism’. In India, people were always free to impose themselves on others. After Inde- an endgame. To survive as a society, we
the beginning. The warring groups the autumn of 1962, we were caught lakhs of non-Muslims were killed but, pursue whatever religion they wanted to. pendence, we preferred to attribute this need to marshal our mental resources.
have already promised to intensify unprepared and lost when China invad- even those memories faded after a This quality of life, of adjusting to to our Constitution or our leadership. We Above all, we need to value our way of
mutual destruction. Sometimes they ed. These defeats were quickly forgotten while, giving us the possibility of living differences in thought and belief, is forgot that similar so-called Constitutions life and be ready to defend it.

Authoritarianism triumphs at Xi-centric meet


T
HE 20th five-yearly Congress as the new Foreign Minister when the efforts would be made to seek unifica-
of the Communist Party of latter takes over Yang Jiechi’s job as tion with Taiwan by peaceful means, but
China (CPC), held in Beijing Director of Foreign Affairs. Xi did not rule out the use of force.
from October 16 to 22, was The No. 2 on the Central Military The consolidation of power by Xi has
dominated completely by its general Commission (CMC) and Xi’s right left many groups such as the Commu-
secretary Xi Jinping, who was able to hand man in the PLA, General Zhang nist Youth League, industrialists, pro-
pack its highest ruling organs with his Youxia (72), was given another term fessionals, ethnic minorities and pro-
loyalists and get his agenda approved. and a seat on the Politburo despite his reformists unrepresented and
YOGESH GUPTA
Xi not only got a third term for himself crossing the retirement age. He Wei- disenchanted. There are few leaders
FORMER AMBASSADOR as the general secretary, but was also dong, who was in charge of PLA’s with a strong understanding of econo-
able to exclude the nominees of the Western Theatre Command during my; loyalty has won over meritocracy.
The consolidation of power Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao factions
(previous two Presidents) from the
the Doklam and LAC crises in Ladakh
(April 2020), was named as the new
Non-inclusion of leaders from other
factions would affect the availability of
by Xi Jinping has left groups 20th Politburo, thus clearing the way (second) Vice-Chairman. He was also policy choices and quality of decision-
for his indefinite rule. the key planner of the unprecedented making. A prolonged economic slow-
such as the Communist The CPC and state institutions in military drills around the Taiwan down could provoke civilian strife,
Youth League, industrialists, China are so fragile and prone to
manipulation that an authoritarian
Strait after US House Speaker Nancy
Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan in August. He
more repression and shifts in supply
chains, impacting the global economic
professionals, ethnic can easily subvert them by controlling received a double promotion, as he growth. Senior party leaders and others
the military, other security agencies had never served on the CMC earlier. are unhappy with sudden switchover
minorities & pro-reformists and ruling organs, decimating Hu Jintao’s appointees — Premier Li from the collective decision-making
unrepresented and decades of progress. In picking up his
nominees, Xi broke several rules
Keqiang, who differed with Xi at times
on economic policy, and No. 4-ranked
earlier to one-man rule now, reminding
the travails of the Mao era.
disenchanted. There are regarding age, qualification or even DOMINANT: Xi Jinping got a third term for himself as the CPC general secretary. PTI Wang Yang — were shown the door. Many analysts are worried at escala-
performance; his sense of insecurity Former senior leaders like Jiang tion in Xi’s aggression and confronta-
few leaders with a strong dominated his decision-making. Former professor at Fudan Universi- in building his power base in Jemin and Zhu Rongji were absent tion during his third term, which could
understanding of economy; No. 2 on the Politburo Standing Com- ty Wang Huning, who is Xi’s ideologi- Shaanxi, Xi’s ancestral province. and Hu Jintao was made to leave in the provoke new conflicts over Taiwan and
mittee (PSC) is Li Qiang, Shanghai par- cal guide and helped in drafting his The number of seats in the 20th middle of proceedings. Corporate Chi- other disputed territories. China’s
loyalty has won over ty chief who is likely to be confirmed as “China dream”, retained his slot in the Politburo was reduced by Xi from 25 na was shut out of not only Politburo, prime contestation in Xi’s third term
the Premier by the National People’s PSC and is now No. 4. Xi brought in to 24. He appointed six persons with but also had few attendees to the party will be against the US, but the Xi
meritocracy. Non-inclusion of Congress in March 2023. Despite his three more close aides to the PSC: fifth science and technology background Congress, given Xi’s disliking for “dis- regime would take steps to militarise
leaders from other factions poor performance in implementing being Cai Qi, who was Beijing party to the Politburo to scale up China’s orderly expansion of capital”. No and fortify China’s borders with India
Xi’s zero-Covid policy earlier this year, chief, had worked earlier with him in progress in these fields to counter the woman was appointed to the Politburo. further. Given India’s policy of strate-
would affect the availability Li was chosen as he had worked under Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, over- US’ stranglehold; they include Yuan In his speech, Xi promised that China gic independence, Xi would avoid
Xi in Zhejiang province for years. Li saw the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Jiajun, former head of China’s space would strive to become a leading global pushing India completely into the US
of policy choices and quality will be the first Premier since 1976 not Games and was associated with him in programme, and Li Ganjie, a nuclear power by mid-century. By rallying camp to avoid a two-front war. India
of decision-making. to be promoted from a Vice-Premier the National Security Commission. safety expert. Chen Wenqing, a for- around the party core (Xi), the party would need to buttress its close rela-
and lacks Central Government experi- Sixth position went to Ding Xuexi- mer spy chief and Minister of State would be able to “ride out the storms” tions with the US, Japan and others,
A prolonged economic ence. Zhao Leji is No. 3 on the PSC. He ang, who was his Chief of Staff. He Security, was included in the Polit- and achieve “incomparable glory”. Chi- boost its strategic balance on the bor-
implemented Xi’s anti-corruption pro- had worked under Xi in Shanghai in buro as was Foreign Minister Wang Yi. na would pursue an independent for- ders and reduce its economic and mil-
slowdown could gramme, incarcerating hundreds of 2007 and was on the 19th Politburo. China’s Ambassador to the US Qin eign policy and resolutely oppose “all itary asymmetry with China, while
provoke civilian strife. thousands on corruption charges with- The seventh slot went to Guangdong Gang was appointed to the Central forms of hegemonism, suppression pol- remaining ready to deter any new mis-
out due legal process. party chief Li Xi, who had helped Xi Committee and may succeed Wang Yi itics and cold war mentality.” Maximum adventure by the PLA.

quick crossword su do ku calendar forecast


ACROSS SUNSET: MONDAY 17:37 HRS
OCTOBER 31, 2022, MONDAY
1 Opera by Gounod (5)
8 Uncompromising 3 9 8 5 ■ Vikrami Samvat 2079
SUNRISE: TUESDAY 06:36 HRS

attitude (4,4) ■ Shaka Samvat 1944


9 Financially sound (5)
10 Be slow in taking
effect (4,4)
6 5 4 ■ Kartik Shaka

■ Kartik Parvishte
9
15
Sunny Partly Cloudy Cloudy
CITY MAX
Rainy
MIN
Foggy

11 Smallest (5) ■ Hijari 1444 Chandigarh 30 16


12 Possessed (3)
16 Persuade by flattery (6) 8 7 ■ Shukla Paksha Tithi 7, up to 1:12 am New Delhi 32 15
17 Type used for emphasis (6) ■ Dhriti Yoga up to 4:12 pm Amritsar 30 17

7 2 4 5
18 Wildly foolish (3) ■ Uttara Aashad Nakshatra up to 4:15 am Bathinda 33 14
23 Refuse to commit oneself (5)
24 To desert (3,3,2) ■ Moon enters Capricorn sign 11.24 am Jalandhar 31 16
25 Small narrow boat (5) Ludhiana 31 16
26 A liking (8)
27 Evaluate (5)
6 8 SATURDAY’S SOLUTION
Bhiwani 32 16
3 5 9 6 7 2 4 8 1 Hisar 32 16
DOWN
2 Unanimously (2,3,3) 3 6 7 1 4 1 6 3 5 8 7 2 9
Sirsa
Dharamsala
32
25
16
11
3 Slovenly (8)
4 A straw hat (6) 2 8 7 4 1 9 5 3 6
Manali 20 07
5
6
Proverb (5)
Easily frightened (5) 5 9 7 2 5 8 3 1 6 9 4 Shimla 23 12
7 To separate (5) Srinagar 18 06
12 Edge (3) 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2
13
14
Performed (3)
Avoid humiliation (4,4)
1 7 8 1 6 8 9 2 4 3 7 5
Jammu
Kargil
28
11
17
--02
SATURDAY’S sOLUTION 15 Evenly and intensely
5 4 2 7 9 3 1 6 8 Leh 10 --04
Across: 1 Clap eyes on, 6 Jolt, 10 Flair, 11 Treatment, 12 Remedial, 13 Budge, 15 Ukulele, 17 Proviso,
19 Put over, 21 Contain, 22 Scour, 24 Crossbow, 27 Defensive, 28 Glean, 29 Yarn, 30 Step by step.
19
fought (4-4)
Here and there (6) 7 5 9 2 6 9 3 1 8 5 2 4 7 Dehradun 29 13 1
20 Break out suddenly (5)
Down: 1 Cuff, 2 As a result, 3 Eerie, 4 Entwine, 5 Overlap, 7 On end, 8 To the point, 9 Stubborn, 14 21 Senseless (5) Mussoorie 20 11
Supposedly, 16 Environs, 18 In a moment, 20 Receipt, 21 Close-up, 23 Offer, 25 Soggy, 26 Snap. 8 7 1 2 4 6 9 5 3
22 Unduly self-assertive (5) HARD TEMPERATURE IN OC
EDIT
THE ASIAN AGE | MONDAY | 31 OCTOBER 2022 | NEW DELHI
pg 5

Subhani

31 OCTOBER 2022

Govt tightens social media


grip as Musk runs Twitter
B
y notifying stringent changes to the Information Technology Rules
of 2021, the Government of India has given itself wide ranging pow-
ers to control contentious content on the Internet. Five-member
grievance appellate committees, to be set up within three months,
will be dominated by government nominees. The control of official India
over the social media giants will be near total from now as the committees
will be free to decide on suspended accounts, block or remove user
accounts and order Internet sites to take down content.
The law will, of course, apply only to India as the social media giant sites
operate across the globe and hate to be pinned down by the laws of any one
country. The sites will be facing total regulatory control in India rather
than just the heat they used to face whenever free speech was given reign
irresponsibly. Content moderation and regulation had been far too lax on
most popular sites like Twitter, Meta’s Facebook and Instagram, Google’s
YouTube, etc., which is why a measure of control has been deemed neces-
sary, and not only in India.
The point is whether India is now assuming draconian powers to rein in
the social media giants that have been allowing
LETTERS
Building brands: Tata &
The irony is a free run to opinions of all hues and rants by
inescapable as the anyone with so much as an anonymous account
social media firms on sites. The irony is inescapable as the social
themselves are media firms themselves are beset by a huge WILL UNIFORM REFORM?
financial downturn that is in proportion to the
beset by a huge headwinds faced by the global economy as

Satya top of India’s list


financial downturn such. Prime Minister Narendra
that is in At this complex moment in the history of the Modi has raised the pitch
proportion to the Internet and its social media sites, Elon Musk, for a “one nation, one
the world’s richest man and free speech abso-
headwinds faced lutist, has taken control of Twitter, which he police uniform” policy.
by the global bought out in a $44 bn deal. Having thought of branding at the Hyundai Earlier, he batted for one
TikTok has done for
economy as such acquiring the microblogging platform as a com- headquarters.
China what Hyundai nation, one election. The
Sanjaya Baru
mitment to unfettered free speech, the busi- When Iraq’s dictator
nessman is now beginning to believe a level of moderation would be did for South Korea, Saddam Hussein invaded response from the
required to retain advertisers who might not splurge their dollars if Honda does for Japan Kuwait in 1990, over a
Opposition parties was
Twitter were to descend to a “hellscape” featuring the abuse of freedoms hundred South Korean
or Apple does for
and the right to hold opinions.
Large sections of users, particularly of the political Right, might like to Sanjayovacha America and
nationals were stuck in
Kuwait and eventually
negative. One nation, one
ration card was launched
see Donald Trump, the messiah of fake news and misinformation, back on Mercedes-Benz for holed up at the country’s
the platform though he is sticking to his “Truth Social” for now. While his Germany. They create embassy. A South on August 9, 2019. With
case would be the most extreme one of cynical exploitation of the social favourable impression Korean aircraft had land- this, the ration card hold-

E
media that led to his being excluded from Twitter on the strength of a arlier this year with 23 of its brands ed there with the inten-
brave decision taken by a couple of Indian-origin executives, there is no the publication among the top 100. The about the country tion of flying all its ers are enjoying the
denying the enormous negativity generated by lack of content moderation “Brand Dir- EU, mostly Germany (7 they belong to. nationals out and home advantage of buying
on the premise or promise of absolute free speech, and not only at the time ectory”, an out of 10), accounted for to safety.
of US or Indian elections. annual report 10 of the top 100. The glob- By the time the flight rations in any part of
As a former head of public policy at Twitter put it, “Even the Wild West of the world’s top 500 al country ranking of top works closely with stake- had landed in Kuwait, India without hassle. An
needs a sheriff, both for ensuring the safety of citizens but also for enhanc- brands published by 100 brands this year holders across govern- the city had been over- identical uniform for
ing the prospects of commerce.” He may have votaries in the rulers of Brand Finance, reported shows the US at the top, ment and industry”. A run by Saddam’s troops.
India who have long resented the embarrassment caused by points of view only two Indian names at followed by China, quarter century later, The diplomats at the police in all the states is
opposed to their own. But it is the toxic content and misinformation that the top of the pile. Tata Germany, Japan and IBEF has little to show in South Korean embassy not bad. Non-BJP ruled
need to be tightly regulated, towards which the government seems happy was the only Indian com- South Korea. terms of promoting did not know what to do.
to wield an axe for establishing control whereas content moderation and pany to make it to the top The Tatas entered the Indian brands overseas. A Hyundai executive states cannot be expect-
grievance redress should define the path to the future of social media. 100, placed at 78, while top 100 list for the first While Tata is the only came up with an idea. ed to fall in line but will
Microsoft’s Satya time in 2020 and in 2022 Indian brand in the top The Hyundai brand, he eventually do so when
Nadella made it to the are placed at 78th place. 100, other Indian brands told his country’s diplo-
very top of the list of 250 If the dominance of the listed among the top 500 mats, was very popular their governments are
global CEOs for his con- United States remains an include telecom firms in Iraq. All hundred of us handed over to the BJP.
Terror not political football tribution to “Brand
Guardianship”. That’s
about it.
important part of the
story, with tech, retail
and services contribut-
Airtel and Jio; IT firms
Infosys, Wipro and HCL;
financial sector firms
can get into a couple of
buses flying the Hyundai
company flag and drive
K.V. Seetharamaiah
Bengaluru

T
he case of an LPG cylinder blast in a car in Coimbatore on October 23 Since 2007, Brand ing to American brand SBI, HDFC and LIC; and, from the embassy to the
oil major Indian Oil and airport. No Iraqi soldier
SECURITY PARAMOUNT
in which a youth was killed has become unprecedentedly political in Finance has published leadership, the headline
Tamil Nadu. The huge amount of explosives found in the house of the this global brand directo- story is the rise of infrastructure firm L&T. would stop the vehicle,
youth triggers the suspicion that he and his accomplices with suspected ry (brandirectory.com/- Chinese brands and the An major reason why the he assured. That is pre-
links to ISIS were up to something bigger and nastier and the accidental download-report/brand- decline of European Narasimha Rao govern- cisely what the embassy IT’S HEARTENING to note that the
explosion killing only the driver saved the city and its people. finance-global-500-2022- ones. TikTok, for exam- ment created the IBEF officials did. Iraqi troops number of employees under the Indian
Brushing aside criticism that it took the incident lightly, the state govern- preview.pdf), an annual ple, was named the was the recognition at smiled at the Koreans defence ministry is 2.92 million and it
ment claims it swung into action as soon as the incident happened with report of the “world’s world’s fastest rising the time that a country’s and let them pass, saying is the largest employer in the world
the state director-general of police visiting the spot on the same day and most valuable and brand in 2021. Names like global image is enhanced “Hyundai, Hyundai”! All (Oct. 30). This essentially means that
police arresting five people linked to the person killed within hours. It also strongest brands”. In Huawei and Alibaba by the power of its South Korean nationals the employees have put the nation’s
says that officials of the central intelligence bureau and the National that inaugural year the have become household brands. A small island flew back home to safety. safety above their personal welfare and
Investigation Agency, who have now taken up the probe on the recom- United States and mem- names around the world. like Cuba is known for TikTok has done for this attitude deserves appreciation.
mendation of the state government, appreciated the swift action of the ber countries of the The 2022 report states many things but is val- China what Hyundai did One billion-plus people of this great
local police and the early leads they produced. European Union that: “Over two-thirds of ued for its Cohiba cigars! for South Korea, Honda country owe a lot to the defence sector
The Opposition, on the other hand, says the state government and police accounted for 82 per cent the total brand value in At the global level, tech does for Japan or Apple as they are assured that there won’t be
sat on inputs central agencies had given them on the possibility of a ter- of the world’s top brands, the ranking is attribut- firms dominate global does for America and cross-border terrorism or terror
rorist attack. They also see what they call a delay in drafting in the NIA in with Japan, South Korea able to the two countries, brands with a cumula- Mercedes-Benz does for strikes. But it is imperative on the part
a case with a clear terror angle. Of late, the state governor has joined the and Australia making up with the US accounting tive brand value of $1.3 Germany. Popular of states to ensure law and order for the
chorus accusing the state government of ineptitude in handling the case. for most of the remaining for 49 per cent ($3.9 tril- trillion. While 50 technol- brands create favourable safe and peaceful living of people in
National security and the lives of innocent people do not make a subject 18 per cent. lion) and China for 19 per ogy and tech firms are impression about the their jurisdiction. This will eventually
for political football. The government must come clean on the allegations A decade later, by 2017, cent ($1.6 trillion).” listed in the top 500, three country they belong to. help production of more goods and ser-
of the Opposition about specific inputs by the central agencies. Instead of several Chinese firms Recognising the impor- have an overwhelming India too needs its brands vices and enhance economic growth.
brushing them under the carpet, it must tell the people if they are indeed entered the top 100 list, tance of developing global presence — Apple, of global quality and S. Ramakrishnasayee
true, and if yes, then what stopped it from taking timely action. with the Industrial and national brands and pro- Microsoft and Samsung. global appeal. It is not a Chennai
Commercial Bank of moting their global pres- A close fourth is Huawei. coincidence that in the
China (ICBC) making it ence, the government of The report adds: Western media Britain’s
to the top 10, and China Prime Minister P.V. “Huawei’s smartphone
business was hit hard by
new Prime Minister CRICKET IS WINNER
Mobile placed at 11th Narasimha Rao set up Rishi Sunak is often
place. Meanwhile, the the India Brand Equity US sanctions, but it react- referred to as the son-in- THE DECISION by BCCI, the biggest
Tata Group had climbed Foundation (IBEF) ed positively by heavily law of the man who creat- cricket board in the world, to pay both
the 500 ladder, but was towards the end of its stepping up investment ed Infosys. Rather than sexes the same international match fee
placed 103, missing by a tenure in 1996. While it in both domestic technol- Mr Sunak brand Infosys, recently was a watershed moment for
whisker a slot in the was located in the Union ogy companies and R&D, Infosys brands Mr the empowerment of sportswomen. It
top 100. ministry of commerce as well as turning its Sunak. Clearly, till last is a great step forward for the women’s
Five years later, in 2022, and industry, it hired a focus to cloud services.” week, more people game and the third such significant
the United States contin- private sector CEO. The An interesting story around the world had move this year towards closing the
THE ASIAN AGE ues to dominate the glob- IBEF claims that its “pri- that I first reported as a heard of Infosys than enormous gender gap that afflicts the
al brands list, with Apple mary objective is to pro- journalist about the Rishi Sunak. sports field globally. It will encourage a
KAUSHIK MITTER K. SUDHAKAR
at the very top, followed mote and create interna- national value of a brand lot more girls to pursue professional
Editor Printer & Publisher
by Amazon and Google, tional awareness of the goes all the way back to The writer is an cricket with support of their parents.
THE ASIAN AGE office is located at: and still accounts for 48 Made in India label in the early 1990s. On a visit author, a former newspa- Vijaykumar H.K.
New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru National Youth Centre, 219 Deen Dayal Upadhyay Marg, New Delhi-110002. Phone: of the top 100 global markets overseas and to to South Korea in 1993, per editor and adviser to Raichur, Karnataka
(011) 23211124. brands. But, here’s the facilitate the dissemina- on the eve of the historic Prime Minister `500 for the best letter of the
Published and Printed on behalf of and for
change. China displaced tion of knowledge about first-ever visit of an Manmohan Singh. His
◗ Deccan Chronicle Holdings Limited, Jawaharlal Nehru National Youth Centre, 219 Deen Dayal Upadhyay Marg, New
the European Union as Indian products and ser- Indian Prime Minister to latest book is Journey of week goes to D.B. Madan
Delhi 110 002 at BFL Infotech Ltd., C-9, Sector-III, Noida -201301.
◗ London: Quickmarsh Ltd, 8th Floor, Block 2, Elizabeth House, 39 York Road, London, SE1 7NQ. the second ranking geog- vices. Towards this that country, I was told a a Nation: 75 Years of (Oct. 29). Email:
RNI Registration number: 57290/94 raphy for top brands, objective, the IBEF delightful tale of Korean Indian Economy. asianage.letters@gmail.com.

A
s always the weather reflected the ership race, we have to say, as we told Indian Cameron, when he was Prime Minister, used ly both in America and the UK. In fact, the
storms that were battering media robustly, we saw none. In fact, there to also give us vignettes of him and his fami- appointment of Rishi Sunak has been appre-
Westminster in the last few weeks. At was a warm welcome for him from the ly for some time. However, one suspects that ciated by many, especially due to his Indian
that time, as it rained ceaselessly, the Leader of the Opposition, Sir Keir Starmer, there is so much media scrutiny anyway that origin, and the Tory Party has been praised
Tory Party went through endless upheavals. when he won, and there is an undoubted maintaining this PR exercise may be irrele- for being much more accommodating of the
Kishwar Desai However, though we did not know it immedi-
ately, there was to be a clear silver lining for
bounce in the opinion polls which indicate
that Rishi is leading ahead of Labour on the
vant. But let us see!
Right now UK is “ready for Rishi” and we
minority communities than Labour.

London Diary
A
all of us. As the former Prime Minister Liz economic handling of the country. But over- breathlessly await the announcement of the s the political environment settles
Truss fell on her sword, and the prime minis- all it does appear that the Opposition party November statement on the country’s down in the UK, many are also appre-
terial race was opened once again, everyone has the lead and people would prefer a economy. ciating the quietness and dignity with
feared there may be another long-drawn lead- change from the Tories. which the Indian community has forged

M
ership battle while the country suffered its However, Rishi has two years to change eanwhile, it was just the right time to ahead in Britain. Usually, whether they
worst economic crisis in recent times. that perception. And in the meanwhile let’s see a play based on the book, To Kill migrated from the African countries or from

Excitement over
Fortunately, there was a quick decision on rejoice that one of ours is leading the coun- A Mockingbird. This complex book, India, or any other part of the world, they
how to select the next Prime Minister, and try. However, never forget, that he is British dealing with apartheid in America is a have integrated themselves into the majority
befittingly enough, on Diwali day, Rishi Sunak born and made in the UK. painful return to a past —- which we have for- community and worked hard.
was appointed the country’s next leader. The gotten post Obama in the US. And now post It is this which is being talked about today

Rishi at No. 10 sun came out and has been shining ever
since...
It has been a complete reversal of fortune for M
eanwhile, there has been a lot written
about Rishi and his family in the last
week, and now there is little we do
Rishi Sunak in the UK.
The multi-layered play is running at the
Gielgud theatre in London and reprises a
with the rise of Rishi Sunak.
And one wonders now if he will be the chief
guest for next year’s Republic Day in India?
Rishi who had so recently lost the race to Ms What a compelling moment that will be—
as UK waits for
not know about the MP from Richmond. deeply divided society, when innocents were
Truss. But today he holds the proud distinc- Every day we see a nugget of information — hanged for crimes they had not committed with the Indian Prime Minister and UK
tion of being the country’s first non-White including his life as a hedge fund manager. only due to the colour of their skins. Though Prime Minister — both of Indian origin! Who
Prime Minister, and a Hindu at that. So the The problem with the British press is that it the play is nowhere as powerful as the book, could have imagined that — 75 years ago

his Nov. eco plan media gleefully has reported the appearance of
diyas and rangoli at 10, Downing Street last
week.
is ruthless in digging out information — so
we sure this is an ongoing exercise.
Fortunately, Rishi also has his own PR arse-
it was particularly touching to watch it with
a multiracial audience. Many in the audience
may have remembered their own ancestors
when India got its Independence?

Kishwar Desai is an award winning author


nal, and we are now being shown behind-the- as they watched the humiliation of those who whose latest book, The Longest Kiss: The

D
espite most of the television anchors scenes videos of how he entered No. 10 and were Black — denigrated once upon a time in Life And Times of Devika Rani, has just won
from India enquiring about any racism the enthusiastic reception he received. This America. the National Award for the best book on
experienced by Rishi during the lead- PR machinery is not new — and David Of course, things have changed dramatical- Indian Cinema
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2A40C8=60 system shall never collapse. attribute it to the huge expan-
8&&,WKDVEHFRPHFOHDUWKDWKHLVQRWOLNHRWKHUQRQ%-3OHDGHUVZKRVK\DZD\ numerous social and cultural very helpful in generating The plan for creating a sion of several institutions at
IURP8&&6RZKDWZRXOGWKH%-3GRZLWKWKHSUREOHPFDOOHG.HMULZDO"7KHVDIIURQ
inhibitions, including serious
reservations about achieving an
fresh ideas for improvement
and refinements in educa-
CA0=B5>A<43 transformed system of learn-
ing and teaching, acquiring
each stage which was neces-
sary and inevitable. It would
SDUW\PD\ILQGVRPHFRPIRUWIURPWKHIDFWDVZHPHQWLRQHGLQHDUOLHUHGLWVWKDW attitudinal transformation that is tional policies and programs. BHBC4<>5 skills and self-confidence in reveal the astonishing levels of
QRQ%-3SDUWLHVSOD\LQJWKH+LQGXWYDFDUGKDYHQRWIDUHGZHOO%XWWKHQPDQ\WKLQJV best described in realizing the On that particular occasion,
;40A=8=60=3 one's capacity to innovate, commitment and dedication
WKDWKDYHKDSSHQHGLQWKHODVWIHZ\HDUVQHYHUKDSSHQHGEHIRUHQHYHUEHIRUHIRU transition from 'why educate the core and kernel of my envision, and create has been of teachers working even
LQVWDQFHGLGDUDJWDJUDLQERZFRDOLWLRQRIDFWLYLVWVDQGLGHDOLVWVFRDOHVFHLQWRDVXF
girls' to the universal demand for
'good quality education, coupled
response were that India is
now conscious of its inheri-
C40278=6 before the nation for the last
two years. Over the years my
under trying situations.
The master key to educa-
FHVVIXOSROLWLFDOSDUW\UXQQLQJWZRVWDWHJRYHUQPHQWV%XW$$3GLGWKDW³DQGQRZ with appropriate skills in a good tance of a great ancient tradi- 02@D8A8=6 conviction that finally, it is the tional reorientation revolves
LW·VJHWWLQJVDIIURQLVHG7KH%-3LVULJKWO\ZRUULHG school'! For the educated young, tion of knowledge quest, its
B:8;;B teacher that determines the around pragmatic compre-
it is competition all around and utilization for the welfare of the extent of success or failure of hension of what MK Gandhi
hence quality is the crucial people; and transfer to the gen- 0=3B4;5 any new policy initiative, no wrote after reading "Unto
?82D1<; requirement.
We have gone through seri-
erations ahead. And this tra-
dition has shown the strength 2>=5834=248=
matter how brilliant and prag-
matic it may be. India has
This Last": "A lawyer's work
has the same value as the bar-
ous futuristic initiatives aimed at to withstand the worst of around 96.8 Lakh school ber's, as all have the same right
quality enhancement, achieving onslaught for thousands of >=4B20?028CH teachers, and 15 Lakh College of earning their livelihood
excellence in learner attainments,
vocationalization and skill orien-
years. Yes; it was bruised and
weakened, but has never with-
C>8==>E0C4 and University teachers. This
is the huge transformational
from work." Give the teacher
of every stage due respect
tation, assimilation of information ered away. It places the learned, 4=E8B8>=0=3 force that - one is sure -would and dignity in dealing with
and communication technology, the wise, and the dispenser of lead India to its destined place him, let the bureaucracy treat
and allied advancements. In that knowledge on the highest 2A40C470B in the comity of nations. teachers as VIPs, and one
particular presentation, one also
emphasized how moral, ethical,
pedestal in society. This tradi-
tion persists in the teaching
144=145>A4 I must concede that they
are serious aberrations in role
could guarantee visible
enhancement in the work cul-
and humanistic values; as also the community of India even C74=0C8>=5>A perception amongst teachers at ture, and hence in learner
democratic and constitutional today. The Guru is given the each stage which are unaccept- attainments.
values were integrated into the dignity of divinity. Guru - the C74;0BCCF> able and deserve to be reme- (Thw writer works in
process of teaching and learning.
One gentleman insisted on mak-
dispenser of knowledge, wis-
dom, and values - shapes the
H40AB died. Take the case of vacan-
cies of teachers in schools and
education, social cohesion,
and religious amity. The
ing some observations based on society, and creates the future colleges. It is unthinkable and views expressed are
his last couple of years in India, of the country. unacceptable in any education- personal)

3Te^cTTb^UUTa_aPhTabc^cWTBd]V^S^]cWT^RRPbX^]^U2WWPcW?dYPPc3PSPa1TPRWX]<d\QPX ?C8
;4CC4AB C>C
C74438C>A SOUNDBITE
=?B5@5B;C6?BD85G?=5>CD51= 0iP\:WP]WPb
2QHQDWLRQRQHSROLFHXQLIRUPSROLF\
DYZ_UV]`dZ_XdYVV_
Sir — We are all happy to hear the Indian QTT]QTPaX]VcWT
women's cricketers will now receive Rs 15 Qad]cU^abca^]V[h
lakh per Test, Rs 6 lakh per ODI, and Rs eTahTPbh0bPUXabcbcT_P[[19?ad[TSbcPcTbRP] ^__^bX]VP]SRWP[
3 lakh per T20I, the same as their male S^Xc1TRPdbTcWTbP\T_PachV^eTa]\T]cbX] [T]VX]VR^\\d]P[
:LWKELJWLFNHWSURMHFWVPDNLQJDEHHOLQHWR counterparts. They deserve it because
Indian women have had significant success
bcPcTbPaTP\T]PQ[Tc^PRRT_cX]VcWT_a^_^bP[ U^aRTbX]bXSTcWT
0bbT\Q[hP]S?Pa[XP\T]cP]S^dc
^UcWTRT]caP[V^eTa]\T]cBX]RT\^aTbcPcTbPaT
*XMDUDWWKHQHZGLVSHQVDWLRQLVXQGHUWKHDWWDFN in recent months. They followed their sil- ad[TSQh19?cWP]^__^bXcX^]_PacXTb\^aTbcPcTb
bXSTPbfT[[c^bTRdaTcWTbTRd[Pa
RaTST]cXP[b^U8]SXP]2^]bcXcdcX^]

0
ver-medal finish at the 2022 RP]WPeTcWTbP\T_^[XRTd]XU^a\8]SdTR^dabT
DKDUDVKWUDORVLQJRQHSURMHFWDIWHUDQRWKHUKDVHQUDJHGWKHVWDWHDQGUDLVHG Commonwealth Games in August with a B?RWXTU
^UcX\TXUcWT]^]19?ad[TSbcPcTbPaTWP]STS ¯0ZWX[TbWHPSPe
WKHSROLWLFDOWHPSHUDWXUH7KHODWHVWWRJRLVWKH7$7$VSURMHFWWRDLUFUDIWVZLWK record 3-0 ODI series sweep of England ^eTac^19?Ua^\cWTUdcdaTT[TRcX^]aTbd[cbcW^bT
$LUEXV$OOWKHVHSURMHFWVKDYHEHHQVKLIWHGRUUHORFDWHGWRWKHSULPHPLQLV in England in September. In October, India bcPcTbRP]P[b^_aTbRaXQTcWTbP\Td]XU^a\b FTWPeTfPa]TS^U
WHU
VKRPHVWDWH*XMDUDWZKLFKLVJRLQJWRWKHKXVWLQJVVKRUWO\*XMDUDWVWDWHHOHF beat Sri Lanka to clinch a record seventh CWTP__aTWT]bX^]^U^__^bXcX^]_PacXTbcPZ AdbbXPb_[P]bc^
Asia Cup crown in Bangladesh. X]V^eTacWT19?ad[TSbcPcTbX]cWTUdcdaTT[TR adX]cWT1[PRZBTP
WLRQVDUHLQGHHGELJUHDVRQIRUWKH%-3·VIRFXVVKLIWLQJWRLWDQGLJQRULQJWKHQHZO\ Hence BCCI's decision is a significant aX\T<X]XbcTa=PaT]SaP<^SXWPbaPXbTScWT cX^]bP]SaTeTacX]VcWT_^[XRTd]XU^a\bc^cWTTPa

?
6aPX]8]XcXPcXeT
JDLQHG0DKDUDVKWUD1RZZLWKWKHVHPHJDSURMHFWVFRPLQJLQWKH*XMDUDW%-3XQLW step forward for women's cricket and the _XcRWU^aP^]T]PcX^]^]T_^[XRTd]XU^a\ [XTa^]Tb^afXcWb^\TRWP]VTb\dbcQT_dc^] =^f<^bR^fdbTb
KDVVRPHWKLQJXSLWVVOHHYHWRVKRZFDVHWRWKHHOHFWRUDWH,WVGHYHORSPHQWSODQNLV game overall. Particularly when the women _^[XRh 4Pa[XTa <^SX WPS QPccTS U^a ^]T cWTQPRZQda]Ta1TX]VbZT_cXRP[PQ^dccWT^__^ PUP[bT_aTcTgcc^
VHULRXVO\HURGHGDQGWKHQHZHQWUDQWLQWKHVWDWH$$3LVPDNLQJOLIHGLIILFXOWIRULW cricketers do not get revenue on par (the ]PcX^]^]TT[TRcX^]CWTaTb_^]bTUa^\cWT^__^ bXcX^]_PacXTbPRRT_cX]VWXbbdVVTbcX^]<^SXWPb Q[^RZcWTVaPX]R^aaXS^a8RP[[^]
tickets are not sold at an equal rate, and the bXcX^]_PacXTbfPb]TVPcXeT>]T]PcX^]^]TaPcX^] PbZTS cWT bcPcTb c^ cWX]Z ^eTa cWT _a^_^bP[ P[[bcPcTbc^ST\P]SAdbbXPc^
7KHSUHVWLJHRIWKHSULPHPLQLVWHULVDWVWDNHDQGVRWKHFHQWUDOJRYHUQPHQWZRXOG sponsorship rates are not equal) with men bc^_XcbWd]VTaVP\Tb
RPaSfPb[Pd]RWTS^]0dVdbc(! (FXcWcWXb 3TRXbX^]bPaTcPZT]QhcWTV^eTa]\T]c^UcWTSPh
GRDQ\WKLQJLQLWVSRZHUWRZLQWKHVWDWH%-3VWDWHXQLWVFODLPWKDWWKHFHQWHUVXS it is correct to encourage women with more cWTaPcX^]RPaSW^[STabPaTT]Y^hX]VcWTPSeP] PRR^aSX]Vc^cWTRWP]VX]VcX\TbP]S]TTSbCWT DZaPX]Tb5^aTXV]<X]XbcTa
SRUWVLWLVUHLQIRUFHGZLWKVXFKSURMHFWVIDOOLQJLQLWVODSGRHVQ
WPDWWHULIWKH\DUHDW fees as this would attract more and more cPVT^UQdhX]VaPcX^]X]P]h_Pac^U8]SXPfXcW ad[X]VSXb_T]bPcX^]^UcWTbcPcTbfWTaT$hTPab ¯3\hca^:d[TQP
WKH FRVW RI QHLJKERULQJ VWDWH 7KLV KDV women to play cricket which would defi- ^dcP]hWPbb[Tb8ST]cXRP[d]XU^a\U^a_^[XRTX] WPeT]^cQTT]R^\_[TcTS\dbcQTaTPShU^ab^\T
nitely increase the standard in the long run. P[[cWTbcPcTbXb]^cQPS;PfP]S^aSTaPaT^] R^\_a^\XbT c^ V^ U^a P ]Tf Tg_TaX\T]c 8]^dacX\TbfT
SUHFDULRXVO\SODFHGWKH6KLQGHJRYHUQPHQWZKLFK So, paying the same match fee for the R^d[S]cTg_TaX
cWTBcPcT[Xbc8cXbcWT_aTa^VPcXeT^UcWTbcPcTb 2^\\^]d]XU^a\bfX[[VXeTPR^\\^]XST]cXch
ZDVLQVWDOOHGE\WKH%-3E\EUHDNLQJWKH6KLY6HQD women's team is a tricky but good step c^cPZTPRP[[^]d]XU^a\_^[XRh0bbdRW]^] c^[PfT]U^aRT\T]cPbRXcXiT]bfX[[aTR^V]XiT_^[XRT \T]cQdcc^SPhcWT
,WLVHPEDUUDVVPHQWIRUKLPDVKHLVXQDEOHWRGHIHQG ahead. Don't forget as things stand, there 19?ad[TSbcPcTbRP]]^cQTTg_TRcTSc^UP[[X][X]T _Tab^]]T[P]hfWTaTX]8]SXP7^fTeTaPQPSVT VT]TaPcX^]S^Tb
P]SfWhbW^d[S]c
WKHLQWHUHVWVRI0DKDUDVKWUD6HQVLQJWKHYXOQHUD are no changes to the BCCI's annual retain- 6^^S^aQPScWT^__^bXcX^]_PacXTbPaTPRRdb ST]^cX]VcWT]P\T^UcWTbcPcTc^fWXRWcWT_^[XRT
cWTh.
ers for women players. Currently, those in c^\TSc^^__^bX]VP]hcWX]VcWPcR^\TbUa^\cWT QT[^]VRP]QTPcSXb_[Ph^]cWTd]XU^a\
ELOLW\RI6KLQGH6KLY6HQD
V8GKDYIDFWLRQKDVXSSHG the highest retainer bracket take home INR 0Rc^a
ad[X]V_Pach0bbdRWXcbX\_[T\T]cPcX^]Xb]^c :EBTTcWPaP\PXWk1T]VP[dad
LWVDQWHDQGDWWDFNHG6KLQGHIRUEHLQJOHIWRXWLQWKH 50 lakh, while Grade B and Grade C are ¯9PhP1PRWRWP]
FROGE\KLVPHQWRUV valued at INR 30 lakh and INR 10 lakh 8cb\haTb_^]bXQX[
7RDGGWRWKHZRHVRI6KLQGHGLVJUXQWOHG8QLRQ respectively. In comparison, the male him of full support for the development welcome move by UGC and AICTE to Xchc^\PZTbdaT
cricketers are divided into four categories and growth of the state. Addressing hun- clarify these PhD programs because if cWPc8\X]cWT
PLQLVWHU1LWLQ*DGNDULKDVPDGHDFRPPRQFDXVH with Grade A+ players taking home INR dreds of Shiv Sainiks on Monday night dur- they are not recognized then it is both a RaTPbTP]S[TPeTPc
ZLWK6KLY6HQD+HKDVVRXJKWLQYHVWPHQWVIURPWKH 7 crore, and those in Grades A, B, and C ing his first visit to his hometown Thane waste of time and money for the students cWTaXVWccX\T
7DWD*URXSLQDQGDURXQG1DJSXUFLWLQJVWUHQJWKV collecting INR 5 crore, 3 crore, and 1 crore after taking over as the CM, Shinde said who enroll themselves for these courses. cWTQ^f[TabPaT
fT[[fXcWX]cWTXaaXVWcbc^cPZT^UU
OLNHLQIUDVWUXFWXUHODQGDYDLODELOLW\DQGFRQQHFWLYL respectively. Compared to the money the risk that he took (referring to political It is also good that GoI is in the process
cWTQPX[bXUcWT]^]bcaXZTaXb
standard the women cricketers' Grade A developments over the last fortnight) has of regulating the Ed-Tech sector because
W\LQKLVKRPHFLW\DIWHUWZRPHJDSURMHFWVKDYHEHHQ player's standard is 50% below the C play- been appreciated by people, despite criti- this sector is growing amidst huge QPRZX]Vd_
WDNHQDZD\WR*XMDUDW,QDOHWWHUWR7DWD6RQVFKDLUPDQ1&KDQGUDVHNDUDQ*DGNDUL er's status. Even then it is correct to encour- cism from certain quarters. With this demand for online courses under the =TfITP[P]SQPccTa
DSSHDOHGWRKLPWRPDNHLQYHVWPHQWVLQ1DJSXUHVSHFLDOO\WKRVHHQJDJHGLQEXVL age women with more fees as this would Shinde is under pressure for losing three current scenario. So ideally it should be ¯6[T]]?WX[[X_b
QHVVHVOLNHVWHHODXWRFRQVXPHUSURGXFWV,7VHUYLFHVDQGDYLDWLRQ7KHOHWWHUVKDUHG attract more and more women to play big projects to Gujarat for which the peo- a win-win proposition for all stakehold-
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cricket which would definitely increase the ple of Maharashtra are very angry with him ers, Ed-Tech companies, and students.
ZLWKWKHPHGLDFRPHVDIWHU0DKDUDVKWUDORVWVHYHUDOELJWLFNHWSURMHFWVWRQHLJKERXU standard in the long run. and his government. And may teach him When technology is becoming a critical AP\<P]SXa
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Bidyut Kumar Chatterjee | Faridabad and his MLAs a lesson in future elections. part of our lives it is essential that com- STXcXTbP]SWPSc^
WXULQJDQGWKHCFURUH7DWD·VDLUFUDIWPDQXIDFWXULQJSURMHFW7KLVDOVRJLYHV Bhagwan Thadani | Mumbai panies do not engage in abusing the bPRZP\X]XbcTa
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Sir — After getting slammed by opposi- >?B53?7>9D9?>?6?><9>5@84 Bal Govind | Noida ]Tf_a^_PVP]SPb^cWPcWXbR^a
7KDWHYHQVHQLRUOHDGHUVOLNH*DGNDULDUHSDLQHGDERXW0DKDUDVKWUD
VORVVZRXOGEH tion parties Maharashtra Chief Minister Sir — It refers to " Online Ph.D. offered ad_cX^]Xb]cSXbRdbbTS
GLIILFXOWIRUWKHVWDWHXQLWRIWKH%-3WREUXVKDVLGHHDVLO\,WLVWLPHIRU6KLQGHWRWKLQN Eknath Shinde said that the Prime Minister by Ed-Tech firms with foreign varsities BT]Shh^daUUTTSQPRZcc^) D]X^]<X]XbcTa
RXWRIWKHER[WRUHJDLQKLVORVWJURXQGHOVHKHPLJKWORVHLWDOO and Union Home Minister have assured not recognized: UGC, AICTE ''. It is a [TccTabc^_X^]TTa/V\PX[R^\ ¯0]daPVCWPZda
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:
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I of the Union government vis-à-vis
the budget estimate (BE) and excess
of expenditure over BE led to high
fiscal deficit (FD) year after year. To
rein in FD, it often took recourse to non-
tax receipts such as dividend from pub-
lic sector undertakings (PSUs), proceeds
VRPDQ\RIXVUHPDLQORVWLQWKRXJKWVHYHQDIWHUZHKDYHVHWWOHGLQ from selling government shares in one
RXUVRFDOOHGKRPH"%HFDXVHWKLVKRPHLVDVKHOWHULQWKHORZHUVHQVH PSU to another, transfer of surplus by the
LHIURPWKHHOHPHQWVRUZKLFKSURYLGHVXVDOOW\SHVRIFRPIRUWV Reserve Bank of India (RBI), proceeds
:KDWVKRXOGEHFDOOHGDKRPHWKHQ"*RGRIFRXUVH/RUG.ULVKQD from sale of spectrum for telecom
H[SODLQVLQWKH%KDJDYDG*LWDYHUVH´+HLVWKHJRDOPDLQ services, etc.
WDLQHU/RUGZLWQHVVKRPHVKHOWHUUHIXJHDQGIULHQGµ,IZHKDYHD This was unsustainable as reliance on
non-tax receipts is unreliable. For
KRPHZHZRXOGOLNHLWWREHPDLQWDLQHGYHU\QLFHO\:KDWLVDKRPH instance, dividend from a PSU depends
LIWKHHVVHQWLDOVDUHPLVVLQJ")URPP\SHUVRQDOH[SHULHQFH,FDQ on a host of factors specific to the under-
HPSKDWLFDOO\VWDWHWKDW*RGKDVEHHQP\PDLQWDLQHUZKHUHYHU,KDYH takings and there is no certainty that it
OLYHG(YHU\WKLQJZHVHHLVRZQHGE\+LPRQO\<HV*RGLVWKHUHDO will deliver a target amount. For instance,
RZQHURIHYHU\WKLQJ*RGPDLQWDLQV¶VDQQ\DVLV·ZKRKDYHUHQRXQFHG during 2017-18, ONGC, an upstream oil
SXUVXLQJPDWHULDOJRDOV7KH\ODFNQRWKLQJDVWKH\EXV\WKHPVHOYHV and gas exploration and production
LQVSLULWXDODFWLYLWLHV7RTXDOLI\IRUVXFKSULYLOHJHRQHPXVWEHOLQNHG company in the public sector was asked
to buy 51.11 per cent of government’s
ZLWK*RGRUZKRZLOOGRVRLQIXWXUHZKLFK*RGNQRZVDOUHDG\ shares in Hindustan Petroleum 022>A38=6
Corporation (HPCL), helping it to crore); fertilizer subsidy: C80,000 May 2022 – estimated at C90,000 C293,000 crore.
garner over C30,000 crore and, C>A4E4=D4 crore (actual: C160,000 crore crore, this would have been even In the non-tax receipt area
thus, achieve its FD target. In the
process, ONGC was burdened with an
B42A4C0AH minus BE: C80,000 crore); food
subsidy: 43,000 crore (actual:
higher at C3140,000 crore), which
is C290,000 crore higher than the
too, against the target of C65,000
crore from proceeds of the disin-
extra debt. C0AD=10909 C286,000 crore minus BE: BE. Correspondingly, the NTR of vestment of government’s share-
Since 2021-22, the situation has C7408<8B C 243,000 crore). the Centre, (post-devolution) holding in Central Public Sector
changed drastically with tax collections As a consequence, the FD for is expected to be about Enterprises (CPSEs), so far, it has
exceeding the target by a substantial mar- 5>A"?4A 2021-22 at 6.7 per cent of GDP C21,00,000 crore - C165,000 crore realized only C25,000 crore.
gin even as slippage in expenditure has
continued unabated. The good thing is 24=C (gross domestic product) turned
out to be even lower than BE at 6.8
more than BE.
According to Revenue
Considering that the big ticket
sale of Bharat Petroleum
that the surplus in tax collection has off- 6A>FC78= per cent. For 2022-23, Sitharaman Secretary Tarun Bajaj, the aim is Corporation Limited (BPCL) has
set the excess in expenditure over BE, set the GTR target C27,60,000 for 30 per cent growth in direct tax been put on hold and sale of the
thereby helping the government keep FD 38A42CC0G crore. Against this, the collection collection against 16 per cent LIC stake in IDBI is stuck, the
within the target – not having to rely 2>;;42C8>= during the first six months of the growth assumed previously. In year is expected to end with a
much on the non-tax receipts. year was C13,49,000 crore (this that scenario, the additional GTR shortfall of about C30,000 crore.
During 2021-22, the gross tax revenue 0608=BC % includes direct tax proceeds up to would be C425,000 crore. Overall, the government
(GTR)—including total direct tax collec-
tion, proceeds from Goods and Services
?4A24=C October 2, 2022, central GST
collection up to September 30,
Correspondingly, the NTR would
be C250,000 crore more.
could be staring at a slippage of
over C320,000 crore. Of this,
Tax or GST, customs and excise duty— 6A>FC7 2022 and customs and excise On the other hand, the gov- around C250,000 crore is expect-
net of refunds were C27,10,000 crore,
which was higher than the budget esti-
0BBD<43 duty or CED till August 31, 2022).
Deducting devolution to states of
ernment faces massive slippage in
the expenditure on various sub-
ed to be neutralized by excess
tax collection over BE, leaving
mate (BE) of C22,20,000 crore by a ?A4E8>DB;H C376,000 crore, NTR of the Centre sidies. On fertilizer subsidy, it is an uncovered gap of just C70,000
whopping C490,000 crore. The collection works out to C973,000 crore expected to spend C250,000 crore
was even higher than the revised estimate 8=C70C against BE of C19,35,000 crore for against BE of C109,000 crore,
crore. This works out to a mere
0.25 per cent of the GDP. But,
/RUG.ULVKQDVD\V+HLVRXU¶6ZDPL·7KHUHDO/RUGVWDWHVDERXW (RE) of C25,20,000 crore (as given by FM B24=0A8> the year. leading to excess of C141,000 for the excess tax cushion, the
+LPVHOI´:KDWHYHUWKHUHLVRSXOHQWHIIXOJHQWRUHYHQHQHUJHWLFDOO
WKDW\RXVKRXOGNQRZDVSURGXFHGIURPDIUDJPHQWRI0\VSOHQGRXUµ
Nirmala Sitharaman in the budget for
2022-23 on February 1, 2022) by C74 Of the year’s targeted tax rev-
enue, already, the government
crore. The food subsidy is likely
to overshoot the BE C207,000
slippage from the BE of FD (6.4
per cent) would have been 1.25
 *RGLVP\6ZDPLLQHYHU\VHQVH,WXUQWR+LPIRUHYHU\ C1,90,000 crore. 0338C8>=0; has collected a little over 50 per crore by about C130,000 crore, per cent.
As per the Finance Commission cent during the first half. thanks to the continuation of the The turnaround in tax collec-
WKLQJ,QHHGOLNHJXLGDQFH+LPEHLQJRPQLVFLHQWKHOSEHFDXVH+H
(FC) formula 41 per cent of tax receipts 6CAF>D;3 Normally, the second half shows delivery of free foodgrains under tion is undoubtedly a creditable
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of the Union government - excluding cess
collections, which are not part of the
14C#!$ greater buoyancy in collection
because of substantial pick up in
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan
Anna Yojana (PMGKAY) till
achievement of the Modi govern-
ment. However, there is a dire need
HUDWHHWF:HQHHGDOOWKHVHWRKDYHDPHDQLQJIXOOLIH divisible pool - are shared with states. 2A>A4 economic activity during the December 2022. for prudent management of sub-
*RGLVDOVRDZLWQHVVWRZKDWHYHUZHGRRUQRWGRLHRXUGXWLHV After these mandatory transfers to states, festival season (Oct-Nov) as also Add to this C22,000 crore sidies keeping in mind the fact that
2QO\WKHQ+HGHFLGHVZKHWKHUZHGHVHUYH+LVVSHFLDODWWHQWLRQRUQRW the net tax revenue (NTR) of the Centre the fact that most persons pay given to the state-run oil market- the tax cushion is not unlimited
,V*RGQRWRPQLSUHVHQW"*RGKDVH\HVHDUVHWFLQWKLVZRUOGSHU was around C18,50,000 crore, which their tax liability towards the year ing companies (OMCs) to com- (during 2022-23, tax buoyancy –
YDGLQJDOO  7KHQZHFRPHWR/RUG·VVWDWHPHQWWKDW¶+HLV was Rs 300,000 crore higher than the BE end [for instance, 16 per cent of pensate them for the under- growth in collection against nom-
of C15,50,000 crore. It was even higher the taxes (pre-devolution) recoveries on supply of domestic inal GDP expansion – at 1 is much
RXUKRPH·:KHUHYHUZHOLYHZLOOEH*RG·VSURSHUW\RQO\ZKLFK+H than the RE of C17,65,000 crore by collected during 2021-22 were LPG between June 2020 and June lower than 1.7 during 2021-22).
DOORZHGXVWRXVHWHPSRUDULO\7KDWLVWKHPDWHULDOSDUW$UHDOKRPH C85,000 crore. paid in March 2022]. Considering 2022 (during this period, against In major areas viz. food, fer-
LVQRWWKDWRQO\ZKLFKJLYHVXVVKHOWHULQWKHPDWHULDOVHQVHEXWZKLFK The excess of C300,000 crore in actu- these factors and including increase in the international tilizers, fuel, substantial savings is
JLYHVXVLQWKHVSLULWXDOVHQVHDOVR*RGLVWKHRQO\RQHZKRZHFDQ al NTR of the Centre over the BE helped September 2022 figure for CED, prices of LPG by around 300 per possible by restricting coverage,
UHDOO\FDOORXUUHIXJH2QO\ZKHQZHKDYHWDNHQVKHOWHURI*RGZLOO in making up for the slippage of about the GTR during 2022-23 is cent, the OMCs were allowed hike cutting costs, improving efficien-
ZHIHHOVDIH7KRVHZKRKDYHGRQHVRZLOOYRXFKIRUWKLVIDFW2WKHUV C284,500 crore in other areas of revenue estimated to be around C30,50,000 of only 70 per cent in domestic cy, etc. For instance, free food-
GRQRWIHHOVDIHQRPDWWHUZKDWWKH\GRWRPDNHWKHPIHHOVDIH and expenditure viz. proceeds from dis- crore (but for the loss of revenue LPG prices, leading to under- grains under PMGKAY during
investment in CPSUs: C161,500 crore (The author is a policy due to cut in central excise duty recovery), this leads to an addi- April–December 2022 was
1RZZHFRPHWRWKHODVWZRUGZKLFKH[SODLQVHYHU\WKLQJ*RG (actual: C13,500 crore minus BE: C175,000 analyst) on petrol and diesel affected in tional subsidy payment of uncalled for.
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E\+LPLQVSLULWXDOWH[WV7KHQ\RXUVRFDOOHGKRPHZLOOEHFRPH\RXU °00?;4034A °19?;4034A
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hile newly-elected Demand for gold grew by by almost 68 per cent in (SIAM) said that the produc- Neighbourhood political rela- tory from the last two tion, and the Ukraine war are

W British
Minister
Prime
Rishi
Sunak is being celebrated with
80 per cent in the domestic
market in the July-September
quarter following a strong
Delhi and NCR and 27 per
cent around Mumbai. The
worst was 2016 when unit
tion for the month also rose 88
per cent to 372,126. Sales of
entry level passenger cars
tions also have an impact on
dry fruits and spices. The
machineries have been careful
years with retailers has cut
overall sales.
Often it is alluded that
hitting the country despite
efforts at a higher growth
trajectory. This growth is
great glee, it is not he but the pick-up in economic activity sales dropped drastically due grew by 38.4 per cent or and slow in clearing the dry e-commerce led by global now swinging below 7 per
Indian consumers who are C89F1:9B0A:0A
and improved consumer to demonetisation followed 1,026,309 units, while two- fruit packages of raisins, pis- giants has affected the retail cent with over 7.4 per cent
adding glory to India. They demand, said Pankaj Arora, by the unveiling of RERA and wheeler sales rose by 13 per tachios, apricot, figs, asafoeti- business. According to the (cumulative 23.6 per cent)
have taken enough strides president of All India Jewellery GST. The housing is double- cent at 1,735,199 units. da and shah jeera coming World Bank, e-commerce is inflation. It is beyond the RBI
this Diwali to turn the corner and Gold Federation. As per taxed. It has stamp duty Though gold purchases from Afghanistan transiting only 1.6 per cent of the total comfort zone.
for the Indian economy after its estimates, sales of gold and now also GST, which considered auspicious may through the Wagah border. Indian retail business. The e- Does it mean that by vol-
gloomy years of the pandemo- and silver coins, notes, sculp- should better be waved have taken place almost uni- The textile segment also commerce firms expected that ume India could surpass
nium shut country. tures, and utensils in the coun- off. The housing sales rise formly across, there has been had an average business. their sales would reach $11.8 Britain? Not unlikely but a lot
Indian consumers are try peaked at Rs 25,000 crore. despite interest rate hike is subdued sales of FMCG prod- Surat’s textile mills could have billion, according to Shopify, remains to be done to be
back with enthusiasm but The Indian Bullion and encouraging. ucts in the rural areas with about Rs 8000 crore or 50 per before Diwali but so far they actually becoming the fifth
there are grey areas indicative Jewellers Association (IBJA) Similarly, car sales jumped retail inflation holding firm. cent less sales. The retail have not come out with a fig- largest economy as during
of the post-Covid bumps. pegs it at Rs 19500 crore a lit- by 10.94 per cent to 1,464,001 The Marico group noted that demand has been low ure of the final sales. Softbank- covid certain hardships
Amid such a scenario, gold, tle higher than 2021. during Navaratri and Diwali the sales in the rural areas are indicating that people at large propelled Meesho claimed increased and indicators
housing and automobiles There are indications of against 2021 sales of 1,319,647 much below the norm. are avoiding purchases. there have been low-ticket plummeted. Indian per capi-
made a significant mark. economic buoyancy coming units, according to the Confectionery sales Wholesalers are not picking purchases and two majors -- ta GDP is $2,277.43 and the
Consumers purchased 39 back. The ANAROCK July- Federation of Automobile declined 10.3 per cent and up garments, sarees and other Flipkart and Amazon -- UK’s $49,761. The UK has a
tonnes of gold and billions of September housing sales data Dealers Associations of India beverages and home care fabric because of a market clocked the larger share of the robust trade balance. Diwali
rupee purchases of housing are up 41 per cent, possibly (FADA). Sales rebounded as slumped by 2.5 and 5.5 per singed by high prices and $5.7 billion or Rs 40,000 crore has given hopes that by the
units, cars, white and brown touching three lakh units as semiconductor shortages cent owing to change of pref- miserly consumer behaviour, festive sales, with mobile coming year India would get
goods, textiles, garments, and (The author is a senior the trend was for 2009-2014. eased. The Society of Indian erences and quality complaints according to Confederation of phones leading the sales. rid of the glitches and make
other purchases. journalist) Since that year sales dropped Automobile Manufacturers about the products. All India Traders. Huge inven- Global instability, infla- its journey more meaningful.

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