EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12062 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM august 1997 es 25.160.40 Deseriators welded joint, teste, uminium, copper, nicks, titanium, alloys, non dastetive tests, quality control, wale detects, ‘qualification, personnel, approved organizations, comparison English version Non-destructive examination of welds - General tules for metallic materials Contréte non destructif des assemblages soudés Zerstérungsfrele Prafung van Régles générales pour les natériaux SchweiBverbindungen - “Allgemeine Regeln fOr sétaltiques inetal sche Werkstoffe ‘This European standard was approved by CEN on 1997-08-02. CEN menbers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations shich stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standerd the status of a national standord without any alteration. Up-to-date (iste and bibLiographical references concerning euch national standards may be ebtained en application te the Central Secretariat or to any CEN menber the European standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). version in any other Language sede by translation under the responsibility of 2 GEN setter into Its on Language and notified to the central Secretariat has the sane status as the official versiors, CEN menbers are the national standards bedies of Austria, Selgiu, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, italy, luxenbourg, Netherland, Norway, Portugal, Spsin, Sueden, Switzerland and United ingen CEN European Comittee for Standardization CCanite Européen de Normal {satin Eurepatsches Komitee fUr Norsung central Secretariat rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN AIL rants of exploitation In ary for and by any weans reserved wor lewide for CEN nat tonal enter Ref. No, EN 12062:1997 &Page 2 EN 12062:1997 Contents. Foreword... Scope Normative references .. DefFNIFIONS ores ores 2 3 4 5 51 Stage of manufacture 52 Extent of examination 53 Materials 6 Personnel qualification ...0.-:000nssmnnee 7 8 8 8 Examination organization eon Documentation... ai 1 Documentation prior to examination 2 Documentation after examination 9 Selection of examination method 91 General 92 Butt and T-joints with full penetration 93 Butt. and T butt joints without full penetration and fillet welds. 10 Performance of examination. 10.1 Determination of standard to be applied 102 Conditions for examination 103 Time of examination 10.4 Non acceptable indications Annex A (normative) Rules and standards to be applied .......nsoenineunene 12 Annex B (informative) Classification of indications. 15 Annex C (informative) Extent of examination... 16 7 Annex D (informative) Non acceptable indications.Page 3 EN 12082:1997 Foreword ‘This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 "Welding", the secretariat of which is held by DS This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 1998 This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s) ‘According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United KingdomPage 4 EN 12062:1997 . 1 Scope Based on quality requirements, material, weld thickness, welding process and extent of examination, this standard gives guidance for the choice of non-destructive examination methods of welds and evaluation of the results for quality control purposes. This standard also specifies general rules and standards to be applied to the different types of examination, for either the methodology or the acceptance level for metallic materials Acceptance levels cannot be a direct interpretation of the quality levels defined in EN 25817 or EN 30042. They are linked to the overall quality of the produced batch of welds. Requirements for acceptance levels for non-destructive examination comply with quality levels stated in EN 25817 or EN 30042 (moderate, indermeciate, stringent), only on a general basis and not in detail for each indication This standard can be used by application standards or by agreement between the contracting parties 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications, These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel - General principles EN S71-1 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 1: General principles EN 970 Non-destructive examination of fusion welds - Visual examination prEN 1289 Non-destructive examination of welds - Penetrant testing of welds - Acceptance levels prEN 1280 _Non-destructive examination of welds - Magnetic particle testing of welds - Method prEN 1291 Non-destructive examination of welds - Magnetic particle testing of welds - Acceptance levels EN 1435 Non-destructive examination of welds - Radiographic examination of welded joints preN 1714 Non-destructive examination of welds - Eddy current examination by phase discrimination methodPage 5 EN 12082:1997 EN 1712 Non-destructive examination of welds - Ultrasonic examination of welded joints - Acceptance levels prEN 1713 Non-destructive examination of welds - Ultrasonic examination - Characterization of imperfections in welds EN 1744 Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic examination of welded joints prEN 12517 _Non-destructive examination of welds - Radiographic examination of welded joints - Acceptance levels EN 25817 Arc-welded joints in steel - Guidance on quality levels for imperfections ((80 §817:1892) EN 30042 Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its weldable alloys - Guidance on quality levels for imperfections (SO 10042:1992) EN 45001 General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.14 examination Testing of a material in accordance with a standard, or a specification, or a procedure 3.2. examination level Degree of thoroughness and selection of parameter settings with which an examination method is applied, Different levels correspond to different sensitivities and/or probabilities of detection The selection of examination levels is normally related to the quality requirements. 3.3 evaluation level Examination level from which an indication is to be evaluated (see annex B) 3.4 recording level Examination level from which an indication is to be recorded (see annex B) 3.5 acceptance level Examination level below which components are accepted (see annex B)Page 6 EN 12062:1997 ation 3.6 examination orga Internal or external organization carrying out the non-destructive examination 3.7. indication Representation or signal from a discontinuity in the format allowed by the non-destructive examination method used 3.8 internal imperfections Imperfections that are not open to a surface or not directly accessible 3.9 quality level Fixed limits of imperfections corresponding to the expected quality ina weld The limits are determined with regard to type of imperfection, their amount and their actual dimensions 3.10 inspection lot ‘A group of welds (a group can be a part of weld or a full weld or several welds) which would be expected to show a uniform quality because of the welding procedure applied, material, type of joints, welder, environmental conditions during execution, time period or other items affecting the quality 4 Abbreviations For the purposes of this standard, the abbreviations given in table 1 apply Table 1: Abbreviations Examination method ‘Abbreviation Eddy current examination ET Magnetic particle examination MT Penetrant examination PT Radiographic examination RT Ultrasonic examination UT Visual examination VTPage 7 EN 12062:1997 5 Limitations 5.1. Stage of manufacture This standard has been prepared for the examination of completed welds (see 10.3) Examinations of parent materials prior to welding or between welding sequences are not covered by this standard, Itis, however, recommended that such examinations should be performed in accordance with the referred standards for methods and acceptance levels 5.2. Extent of examination The extent of examination shall be given in an application standard or agreed between the contracting parties. Guidance on random examination is given in annex C. 5.3 Materials This standard includes requirements for examination of fusion welds in the following materials, their alloys and their combinations ~steel ; ~ aluminium ; ~ copper ; ~ nickel ; + titanium, ‘The use of this standard for other metallic materials shall be agreed between the contracting parties 6 Personnel qualification Personnel performing non-destructive examinations and the evaluation of the results for final acceptance of welds shall be qualified in accordance with EN 473 or equivalent at an appropriate level in the relevant industrial sector 7 Examination organization The examination organization should be organized independently of the production and its activities should be controlled by a quality assurance system If required by the contract, an external examination organization shall be accredited in accordance with EN 45001Page 8 EN 12062:1997 8 Documentation 8.4 Documentation prior to examination Prior to examination, all necessary preliminary information required by the examination method standards shall be provided 8.1.1 Written procedures All examinations shall be performed in accordance with written procedures as required by the standard for the individual examination method or as agreed between the contracting parties. 8.1.2 Examination plan In certain cases, it can be necessary to carry out additional examinations including more than one non-destructive examination method (other than visual examination) or muitiple applications of one method. In such cases all methods used shall be defined in an examination plan, which shall determine the sequence and extent of examination and other relevant aspects for contro! of examinations and other related activities. 8.2 Documentation after examination 8.2.1 Records of individual examinations All examinations shall be recorded as required by the referred standard for the relevant examination method 8.2.2 Final report For each component or group of components, a final report shall contain the information required by the examination plan and shall as a minimum include - reports required by the standards for the individual examination method ; - identification of the component ; - reference to the individual examination records including status (not inspected, accepted, rejected) - identification of welds examined and/or reference to documents identifying these welds - system for marking of the individual welds and/or reference to documents indicating this description of system used for the coordination of the examination - identification of personnel and organizations that have performed the examinations ; - record of deviations from the applied standard regarding examination technique and acceptance levelsPage 9 EN 12062:1997 9 Selection of examination method 9.1 General This standard determines requirements for selection of examination methods for various types of materials and types of fusion welds. These methods may be used alone or in combination in order to give the required result Before selecting examination methods and levels, the following items should be considered - welding processes ; - parent metal, welding consumable and treatment ; - joint type and geometry ; - component configuration (accessibility, surface condition, _) ; ~ quality levels ; - imperfection type and orientation expected. if necessary, examination methods and levels other than those listed in Annex A may be selected. If an application standard only requires another selection of methods, examination levels listed in Annex A can be used as appropriate. Such alterations shall be agreed between the contracting parties 9.2 Butt. and T-joints with full penetration The generally accepted methods for examination of welds are given in table 2 for surface imperfections and in table 3 for internal imperfections Table 2 : Generally accepted methods for detection of accessible surface imperfections for all types of welds including fillet welds Materials Examination method Ferritic stee! VT VT and MT VT and PT. VT and (ET) Austenitic steel, aluminium, VT nickel, copper ang titanium VT and PT VT and (ET) () Indicates that the method is applicable with limitationsPage 10 EN 12062:1997 Table 3 : Generally accepted methods for detection of internal imperfections for butt -and T- joints with full penetration Materials and type of joint Thickness in mm *) ts8 B 40 Ferritic buttjoints RT or (UT) RT or UT UT oF (RT) Ferrtic T-joints (UT) or (RT) UT or (RT) UT or (RT) Austenitic butt-joints RT RT or (UT) [RT or (UT) Austenitic T-joints (UT) of (RT) (UT) and/or (RT) | (UT) or (RT) Aluminium butt-joints RT RT or UT RT or UT. Aluminium T-joints (UT) or RT) UT or (RT) UT or (RT) Nickel-and copper-alloys RT RT o (UT) RT or (UT) butt joints Nickel-and copper-alloys (UT) or (RT) (UT) or (RT) (UT) oF (RT) T-joints Titanium buttjoints RT RT or (UT) Titanium T-joints (UT) of RT) UT oF (RT) () indicates that the method is applicable with limitations 4) Thickness, , is the nominal thickness of the parent material to be welded 9.3. Butt- and T butt joints without full penetration and fillet welds For partial penetration welds and fillet welds the unfused root can prevent satisfactory volumetric ‘examination when using the methods given in table 3. In cases where special test methods have not been agreed, the quality of the weld shall be assured by control of the welding process Techniques other than those given in tables 2 and 3 can be agreed for determining the actual degree of penetration and the dimensions of other imperfection types. It is recommended that welds in steel with a minimum yield strength above 280 N/mm, in austenitic steel, in aluminium, in nickel and copper alloys and in titanium are examined using method(s) in addition to VT in accordance with table 2Page 14 EN 12062:1997 10 Performance of examination 10.1 Determination of standard to be applied See annex A 10.2 Conditions for examination Prior to the examination, the examination personnel shall have access to all information relevant to the object including : a) necessary preliminary information required by the standard for the individual examination methods ; b) examination plan, if required ; ©) actions to be taken in case of detection of non-conforming welds ; d) responsibility for coordination of the inspection of parts of subassemblies manufactured by subcontractors ; @) time and place of examination 10.3 Time of examination The examination should be carried out after completion of all required heat treatments. Welds in materials sensitive to hydrogen cracking (e g. high strength steels) or other time delayed cracking shall not be examined until the minimum time required after welding is achieved or as agreed between the contracting parties By agreement between the contracting parties, special conditions may call for examination prior to final heat treatment or elapse of a certain time. If a surface examination shall be carried out, it shail be performed prior to any examination for internal imperfections 10.4 Non acceptable indications In the case of detection of non acceptable indications, the procedure shall be given in the application standard or by agreement between the contracting parties In case of repair of non acceptable indications the weld shall normally be examined at least as required for the original weld Further guidance is given in annex DPage 12 EN 12062:1997 Annex A (normative) Rules and standards to be applied This annex gives the correlation between the quality levels of EN 25817 or EN 30042 and the examination techniques, examination levels and acceptance levels of non-destructive examination standards It shall be noted that the correlations are not quantitative links 1 Visual examination See table A 1 Table A.1: Visual examination (VT) Quality levels in Examination techniques accordance with EN 25817| and levels in accordance | Acceptance levels *) or EN 30042 with EN 970 B Level not specified B c Level not specified c D Level not specified D 4) The acceptance levels for visual examination are equal to the quality levels of EN 25817 or EN 30042 A2_ Penetrant exami See table A.2 Table A.2: Penetrant examination (PT) Quaiity levels in Examination techniques | Acceptance levels in accordance with EN 25817 | and levels in accordance accordance with or EN 30042 with EN 571-1 prEN 1289 B Level not specified 2x Cc Level not specified 2x D Level not specified 3x3 Magnetic particle examination Page 13 EN 12062:1997 See table A3 ‘Table A.3: Magnetic particle examination (MT) Quality levels in Examination techniques | Acceptance levels in accordance with EN 25817 | and levels in accordance accordance with with prEN 1290 prEN 1291 B Level not specified 2X c Level not specified 2x D Level not specified 3x A4_ Eddy current examination See table A4. Fable-A-4: Eddy current exami n (ET). Quality levels in accordance with EN 25817 Examination techniques and levels in accordance Acceptance levels or EN 30042 with prEN 1711 8 to be agreed c Level not specified between the contracting partiesPage 14 EN 12062:1997 AS Radiographic examination See tableA5 Table A.5: Radiographic examination (RT) Quality levels in Examination techniques | Acceptance levels in accordance with EN 25817 | and levels in accordance accordance with or EN 30042 with EN 1435 pIEN 12517 B B 1 c Bt 2 D A 3 4) However, the maximum area for a single exposure shall correspond to the requirements of class A of EN 1436 6 Ultrasonic examination of ferritic steels See table A6 Table A.6: Ultrasonic examination (UT) of ferritic steels Quality levels in Examination techniques Acceptance levels in accordance with EN 25817| and levels in accordance | accordance with EN 1712 or EN 30042 with EN 1714 1) B Atleast B 2 Cc Atleast A 3 D Level not applicable 2) not applicable 2) 4) When characterization of indications is required by agreement between the contracting parties, prEN 1713 shall apply 2) UT is not recommended but can be agreed between the contracting parties (with the same requirements as quality level C)Page 15 EN 12062:1997 Annex B (informative) Classification of indications See figure 8 1 EXAMINATION LEVEL ACTION Indication size Rejection or repair Acceptance level (fitness for purpose) Rejection or repair or further evaluation based on fitness for purpose criteria ‘Acceptance level (quality assurance) Recording of the indications Recording level Evaluation of indications with regards to size, type or others: characteristics Evaluation level No action required Figure B.1 : Classification of indicationsPage 16 EN 12062:1997 Annex C (informative) Extent of examination If the extent of examination is defined as a part (percentage p %) of an inspection lot the following rules should apply unless otherwise required : - each weld in the inspection lot should be examined over a length of minimum p % of the individuat length. The area to be examined should be selected by random ; - if the total length of all the welds in an inspection lot is less than x m (for example x = 1), at least one weld should be examined in its entire length regardless the p % - if an inspection lot consists of several identical welds with individual length less than x m (for example x = 1), randomly selected welds with a total of minimum p % of the total length of all welds in the inspection lot should be examined in their entire lengthPage 17 EN 12062:1997 Annex D (informative) Non acceptable indications Where an examination of a part on an inspection lot reveals non acceptable indications the following guidelines for the extent of additional examinations can be used. The examination should be performed at welds executed with the same parameters which might be the main cause of failure eg. welder, welding procedure or other of the items mentionned in 3 10 a) two additional samples or areas of the same weld should be given the same type of examination ; and b) if the samples or areas of the same weld examined as required by a) are acceptable, the defective item shouid be repaired or replaced and reexamined and all items represented by these two additional samples or areas of the same weld should be accepted ; but ¢) if any of the samples or areas of the same welds examined as required in a) reveals anon acceptable indication, two further samples or areas of the same weld per defective one should be examined ; and d) if the samples or areas of the same weld examined as required by 0) are acceptable, the defective item(s) should be repaired or replaced and reexamined and all tems represented by the additional samples or areas of the same weld should be accepted ; but ) if any of the samples or areas of the same weld examined as required by c) reveals a non acceptable indication, all items represented by the progressive sampiing should be either 1) repaired or replaced and reexamined as required ; or 2) fully examined and repaired or replaced as necessary, and reexamined