Barrameda, Deslee O.

Assignment #1
BAAC-2A
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND TQM

Historical Evolution of Operations Management

Industrial Evolution
➔ Operations Management began in the 1770s in England and spread to the
rest of Europe and to the United States during the 19th century.
➔ It substituted machine power for human power wherein the most significant
machine used is the steam engine.
➔ The steam engine, invented by James Watt in 1764, largely replaced human
and water power for factories. Because of this, production became fast and low
cost, economies became scale, a standard gauging system was developed,
factories grew rapidly, and countless jobs were provided.
➔ Thus the late-1700s factories had not only machine power but also ways of
planning and controlling the tasks of workers.
Scientific Management
➔ Scientific management, also often known as Taylorism, is a management theory
first advocated by Federick W. Taylor. It uses scientific methods to analyze the
most efficient production process in order to increase productivity.
➔ Scientific Management widely changed the management of factories. It was
developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, the father of scientific management.
➔ This management is hugely based on observation, measurement, analysis and
improvement of work methods and economic incentives wherein different
procedures were studied to identify the best method in doing each job.
➔ During this evolution, Henry Ford practically adopted the scientific management
principles for Taylor. The moving assembly line was introduced which hugely
affected many industries.
➔ Mass production was also introduced to the automotive industry.
➔ Advantages of scientific management are as follows: Enhanced production:
Due to harmonious relationship between management and workers, there will be
increased productivity. Ability to control: The employees perform repetitive tasks
and are therefore easily controlled by the management.
Division of Labor
➔ Dividing a job into small, simple standard steps and assigning one worker to
each step.
➔ Frederick Taylor (1911) promoted the concept of dividing work into small
pieces so workers could quickly learn jobs without much training.
➔ Division of Labor and standardization of parts led to rifles made by several
people in the 1800s and the model T Ford in the 1900s.
➔ Division of labor is the opposite of job enlargement, a practice that has workers
take on more tasks rather than fewer.