Activity 3

KALAHI CIDDS is a non-governmental organization within Misamis Occidental. It aims

to promote modernization on each towns through construction of infrastructures and help less
fortunate people through building health care and day care centers in which check-ups are free.
In my hometown, Clarin, they have already constructed cement roads in remote areas, rebuild
canals and establish health and day care centers. Through this organization, it has helped a lot of
people especially from remote areas as vehicles won’t be having a hard time passing through that
specific areas. More so, through the built centers, people are provided with free check-ups and
vaccines on babies. Water in our area flows in the right way as they have built canals and
irrigations.

Activity 4
Southeast Asia
In historical times, Southeast Asians have believed in animism in which all things have
spirits. They use monsoon seasonal-reversal wind route to travel the SEA. At about 1300 ago, the
land was composed of 2 kingdoms—Sukhotai in Mainland SEA and the Majapahit empire in
insular SEA. The SEA was exposed to different civilizations cultures and religions for how many
years.
The Portuguese were the first people to dominate Southeast Asia. The Portuguese gave
the least impact as they only controlled small territory of the East Timor. The Spanish then
claimed Philippines specifically Cebu and later on established Manila by 1571 and gained
control all over the country by 1600. Before the US took over the Philippines after Portugal, the
Filipino revolutionaries fought against the Spaniards and achieved independence on 1898. The
Dutch then arrived to Indonesia in 1596. When it collapsed in 1799, the government of
Netherlands took over Dutch East India Company’s assets in 1825 and placed Indonesia under its
administrative authority. The Dutch has taken control of several territories of Indonesia but they
couldn’t keep Netherlands as Indonesians fought for national liberation to create a republic in
1945. Indonesian independence then recognized in 1949. The British governed Penang,
Singapore and Malacca as the Straits Settlement as Britain expanded into the Malay Peninsula
from 1874 to 1914. The Malay States negotiated and gained independence in 1957. The French
went to Vietnam in 1858, dominate Saigon in 1859 and Cochin China and Cambodia in 1867.
After completing their missions and fought wars, Vietnam still gained independence in 1954. In
1898, the US came to colonize Philippines and Philippine-American War started in 1899 and
went on for about 10 years. The Philippines then became a commonwealth in 1935 and gained
independence in 1946.
The Western colonial powers had affected the Southeast Asia such as there was mass
economic bitterness, socio-cultural cleavage and economic growth. Western-style political
movements were created, Filipinos waged a revolutionary war against Spain, the Malays joined
civil service and worked closely with British rulers, Indonesians formed Indonesian Nationalist
Party (PNI), and communist leaders and parties arose among several parts of the SEA. In
addition, new economic, administrative and political elites arose. Later on, the Southeast Asia
became known for its rich history, diverse culture and social transformation from their anti-
western colonial struggle and anti-Japanese resistance.

Activity 5
BUDDHISM
Siddhartha Gautama who is believed to be the founder of Buddhism was born on a wealthy
family but then awakened with four incidents—birth, old age, sickness and death from which all
people would suffer. He felt the desire to find solution by giving up his lavish lifestyle and went
on a spiritual search. After years of searching, he found enlightenment under a Bodhi tree while
meditating and spent his remaining years preaching what he discovered. Later on, when he
passed away, his followers began to organize religious movements wherein Buddha’s teaching
were the foundation for what was developed into Buddhism.
a. Good builds connection between ourselves and others, healing and restoring the bonds
among human societies. It is identified with “the fundamental nature of enlightenment”
or absolute freedom and happiness.
b. Evilness is based on narrow selfishness, implies that we are fundamentally disconnected
from others and we can benefit at their expense. It indicates “fundamental darkness”
which causes suffering for oneself and others.
c. “Opposing good is called evil, opposing evil is called good”. Through acknowledging,
confronting and transforming our own fundamental darkness can strengthen the
functioning of good in our lives.

CHRISTIANITY-CATHOLICISM
Roman Catholicism is traced back to the life and teachings of Jesus Christ back in 30 CE.
The number of Roman Catholics in the world is greater than all other Christians combined.
Roman Catholic churches were built and established by His followers all over the Roman Empire
and Christians were persecuted because of the conflicts with the pagan state religion but then
eventually lessened through the legalization of Christianity.
a. Good is something morally right, beneficial and is to our advantage.
b. Evil is considered extremely immoral, wicked and wrong. Yet, it helps us appreciate
God, is not a thing and makes us better. It is divided by two areas, moral evil which is
caused by human actions and natural evil that is great suffering caused by the natural
world.
c. As Jesus died for the greater good, we should share in His suffering and rejoice with it as
suffering is a way of God for us to become closer to Him.
CHRISTIANITY-PROTESTANTISM
Christianity-Protestantism began in Northern Europe in the early 16 th century and became
one of the three major forces in Christianity. The religion spread throughout the world after wars
in the 16th and 17th centuries. Its name first appeared at the Diet of Speyer in 1529 when Charles
V took away the provision of the Diet of Speyer in 1526.
a. Unlike Catholicism, Protestants believe that only some things are inherently good. They
believe that good works cannot save a person but only God. It is performed with the help
of God’s grace and will accompany salvation.
b. Evil has a substance and other than good, some things are evil. Leading a life that is
marked by evil or immoral behaviors can lead to the loss of one’s salvation.
c. Helping one’s fellowmen and do God’s will as these actions glorify God. More so, it
makes a person Christ-like if they grow in the life of faith.

HINDUISM
Hinduism is believed to be the world’s oldest and third largest religion behind Christianity
and Islam. It originates on the Indian Subcontinent and started at somewhere between 2300 B.C.
and 1500 B.C. in the Indus Valley but has no specific founder and only a compilation of various
beliefs. Its many sacred texts in Sanskrit and vernacular languages were the means of spreading
the religion to other parts of the world. Hinduism had nearly one billion adherents around the
world and was about 80% of India’s population.
a. The religion’s concept of good is based on the representation of purity (sattva), light,
balance, immortality, order, virtue and selflessness. It implies that if you are selflessly
serving others and God then you are in the righteous path (dharma).
b. Evil is represented by impurity (tamas), darkness, imbalance, or extremity, chaos, sinful,
conduct and selfishness. Evil actions lead to sin karma (papam) and if you are selfishly
living and serving your own self, you are on the sinful path (adharma).
c. Humans stand in between good and evil. Human body is used for righteous purpose and
should uphold dharma to accumulate meritorious karma and enjoy its rewards.

JUDAISM
Judaism is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion and followers believed in one God who
has established covenant with them. According to the Torah or the Hebrew Bible, God revealed
himself to Abraham who then became known as the founder of Judaism. Isaac and Jacob,
Abraham’s son and grandson, also became central figures in Jewish history and took the name
Israel and its children became known as Israelites. Many years later, Moses led the Israelites out
of Egypt and was revealed to him God’s Ten Commandments at Mt. Sinai.
a. Human nature is shaped by the presence of two inclinations. One is yetzer ha tov (the
good inclination) in which a person is identified rational and is capable of making
positive and moral choice.
b. The other inclination is yetzer ha ra (the evil inclination) in which a person is often
identified with the lower passions.
c. To prevent evilness, obedience and Torah study are suggested.

ISLAM
Islam is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity. Its creation was dated back
in the 7th century making it the youngest major religion in the world. Islam started in Mecca
during prophet Muhammad’s time. It is believed that Allah’s word was revealed to Muhammad
through the angel Gabriel though they still respect the same prophets as Jews but considered
Muhammad as the final prophet.
a. Goodness is based on human purpose and meaning. Thus, whatever brings a person close
to God and benefits him in the next life is good.
b. On the other hand, the religion believes that whatever brings a person away from God
and causes Him anger is evil.
c. One should refuse evil deeds and possess patience in submission to God to become closer
to God.