Physics

SP6.A
Physics

Sp6.B
Physics
Physics
Physics
SP6.C
Physics
Physics
Physics
SP6.D
Physics
Physics

SP6.A
Physics
Physics

Sp6.B
Physics
Physics
Physics
SP6.C
Physics
Physics
Physics

SP6.D
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics
 Physics

SP6f
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics
 Physics

Sp6h
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics

Carbon-14 will decay, because

only unstable isotopes decay

Beta particles will be absorbed

and stopped by a few millimetres
of aluminium or a few metres of
air.
it absorbs all three types of
radiation (it has to be so thick to
absorb all the gamma radiation)

Alpha radiation would be absorbed by the air

before it reached the lorry and beta radiation
would probably be absorbed by the material
used to make the sides of the lorry. Only
gamma radiation can pass through the
materials used for the lorry
Physics
Radioactive sources emit ionising
radiation. When an oxygen molecule is
hit by ionising radiation, the radiation
transfers enough energy to the
molecule to allow one (or more)
electrons to leave it.
S1 Alpha particles are a helium nucleus/two
protons and two neutrons. They have a charge of
+2 and a relative mass of 4. Beta particles are
electrons emitted from the nucleus. They have a
charge of −1 and a relative mass of 1 1835.
Gamma radiation is electromagnetic radiation
and so has no charge or mass.

E1 Alpha particles have a very much greater mass

than beta particles. Moving alpha particles
therefore store a lot of (kinetic) energy, and can
transfer a lot of energy to particles that they hit.
This ionises them easily. However, because they
can easily transfer energy to other particles, they
lose their own energy very quickly and so do not
travel very far through any material. Beta
particles have a much smaller mass and so a
moving beta particle stores much less (kinetic)
energy than an alpha particle, and so transfers
less energy when it hits something. It is therefore
less ionising, but can travel further through
materials.

Gamma radiation is a way of transferring energy

by electromagnetic radiation – it is not a particle
and so does not have mass or carry a charge.
Emitting gamma radiation therefore does not
change the number of nucleons in the atom.
Physics
a a neutron has a relative mass of 1 so when it is
ejected, there is less mass left in the nucleus 8th
b the atomic number is the number of protons
and this has not changed

In radioactive decay the number of protons in the

nucleus changes so the atom becomes another
element. In a chemical reaction the atoms
themselves do not change, they just combine in
different ways.
2

the time it takes for half of the unstable nuclei in

a sample to decay, or the time it takes for the
activity of a sample to halve
30 years
Physics
a1
b2
c4
d 0.5

half-life is 3.8 days

A 1 half-life; 10 million / 2 = 5 million

B2 half-lives; 10 million / 2 = 5 million 5 million /

2 = 2.5 million 10th

C 3 half-lives; 10 million / 2 = 5 million 5 million /

2 = 2.5 million 2.5 million / 2 = 1.25 million

SP6.H
Physics
Physics
Physics

SP6.I
Physics
Physics
Physics
 Physics

SP6.J
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics

SP6.k
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics
Physics
 Physics

Pape
r
P4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkV- O Level Physics (5054) | Paper 4 (Variant 2) |
4qAHHoM May / June 2021 | Explained Solution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rxIQs- Resistance of a filament lamp (BULB)

906A

https://www.teachifyme.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/03/5054_w19_qp_41.
pdf
https://www.teachifyme.com/wp- https://www.teachifyme.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/03/5054_w19_qp_42. content/uploads/2020/03/5054_w19_ms_42.
pdf pdf
Physics
Physics