1

2
3
4
 
=

= − 

( )
( + + ) ( + )
( − − )


= ( ) ( ( ) + ( ) )

5
  =
 ( )

+ + +

+ +
+ +
−

( )+ =
( )+ ( )
( )+ ( )

( ) = ( ) ( )+ ( )
( ) + ( )

( ) =
( ) ( ) ( − )=
( ) ( )

( + )+ ( + )
( )

6
 (  + ) = (  − )

 = 




−  
− + − 


 

+ = − 
 
 + +  −
 

1/2

7
   =  = 

− −
+ +

 − 