RMM 29 FINAL Compressed 51 120

Romanian Mathematical Society-Mehedinți Branch 2021
( + ) + + ( + )( + + )
= +1 − = ∙ − =
+ +
=( + )( + + ) − ≥
+
( + + )
≥( + )( + + ) −
∑ ( + )
( + + )
=( + )( + + ) − =( + + ) − =
( + )( + + )
. .
= 2( + + ) ≥ 2 ∙ 4√3 = 8√3
Q.e.d.
We will also have:
+ +
∙ = +1 ∙ − =
+ +( + ) + +( + )
=( + )( + + )∙ − ≥
+ +( + )
( + + )
=( + )( + + )∙ − =
∑ ( + +( + ) )
( + + )
=( + )( + + )∙ − =
2( + )( + + )
= 2 (4 + ) ≥ 2 √3 = 2√3 = 2√3
Q.e.d.
Observations:
1) If in (1) we take = 1, = 0 we get:
+ + +
∙ + ∙ + ∙ ≥ 8√3 ( − )
namely Bătineţu-Giurgiu inequality.
2) If in (2) we take = 1, = 0 we get:
∙ + ∙ + ∙ ≥ 2√3 ( )
+ + +
namely G.Tsintsifas inequality.
Reference:
ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE-www.ssmrmh.ro
A BEAUTIFUL EQUIVALENCE
By Daniel Sitaru-Romania
ABSTRACT: In this paper we prove the equivalence of Gerretsen’s inequality in triangle and
the algebraic Schur’s inequality
50 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

GERRETSEN’S INEQUALITY: In ∆ the following relationship holds: ≥ 16 −5
( −semiperimeter, −inradii, −circumradii)
SCHUR’S INEQUALITY: If , , > 0 then:
+ + +3 ≥ ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )
The proof of equivalence:
≥ 16 −5 ( )→ + +4 ≥ 16 →
+ +
+ ≥4→ +1+ ≥5→
4 4
+ +4 + +
+ ≥5→ + ≥5→
4 4
( + + ) ( + + )
+ ≥5→ + ≥5→
4 4
+ + 1 1 1
∙ + ≥5→ + + + ≥5→
4
= + , = + , = + , = + + , =
( + )( + )( + )
1 1 1 4
( + + ) + + + ≥5
+ + + ( + )( + )( + )
( + )( + ) + ( + )( + ) + ( + )( + ) 4
( + + ) + ≥5
( + )( + )( + ) ( + )( + )( + )
( + + )[( + )( + ) + ( + )( + ) + ( + )( + )] + 4
≥ 5( + )( + )( + )
Let = + + , = + + , =
(1) ⇔ ( + ) + 4 ≥ 5( − )⇔ +9 ≥4
⇔ −3 +3 +3 ≥ −3
+ + +3 ≥ ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )
Reference:

ABOUT AN INEQUALITY BY GEORGE APOSTOLOPOULOS

By Marin Chirciu – Romania
1) Let , , > , such that + + = . Prove that:
+ + ≥
−√ − −√
Proposed by George Apostolopoulos – Greece – RMM 2019
SolutionWe prove the following lemma:
Lemma.If < < then ≥

√
Proof. We are looking for an inequality having the form ≥ + , having the
√
property that the polynomial attached equation to the double root = 16.
64 + 4 = 1 =
We obtain ⇔ . It follows ≥ ⇔√ √ −4 ≥ 0, with
16 − = 0 = √
equality for = 16. Let’s get back to the main problem. Using the Lemma it follows:
1 + 16 + + + 16 ⋅ 3 48 + 48 96 3
≤ = = = =
8−√ 128 128 128 128 4
Equality holds if and only if = = = 16.
Remark.Inequality 1) can be developed.
2) Let , , , > , such that + + = . Prove that:
+ + ≥
−√ − −√
Proposed by Marin Chirciu – Romania
Solution We prove the following lemma.
Lemma.
If < < then ≥

√
Proof. We are looking an inequality having the form ≥ + , having the property
√
that the polynomial attached equation to have double root = . We obtain
=
+ =1⇔ . It follows from ≥ ⇔√ √ − ≥ 0, with
− =0 = √
equality for = . Let’s get back to the main problem.

Using the Lemma it follows:
1 + + + + ⋅3 3 +3 6 3
≤ = = = =
2 −√ 2 2 2 2
Equality if and only if = = = .
Note.For = we obtain the proposed by problem by George Apostolopoulos, RMM
8/2019. Remark.
Inequality 2) can be generalized.
3) Let , ,…, , > , such that + +⋯+ = . Prove that:
+ + ⋯+ ≥
−√ −√ −
SolutionWe prove the following lemma:
Lemma.If < < then ≥

√
Proof.We are looking an inequality having the form ≥ + , having the property
√
that the polynomial attached equation to have double root = .
=
We obtain + =1⇔ . It follows ≥ ⇔√ √ − ≥ 0, with
− =0 = √
equality for = . Let’s get back to the main problem. Using the Lemma it follows:
1 + + + ⋯+ + + 2
≤ = = = =
2 −√ 2 2 2 2
Equality holds if and only if = =⋯= = .
Note.For = 4 and = 3 we obtain the proposed problem by George Apostolopoulos –
Greece – RMM 8/2019
Reference:
REVERSE INEQUALITY OF HUYGENS AND SOME FRAMING WITH MEANS

By Dorin Mărghidanu-Romania
1.Proposition (Huygens inequality)
If , ,…, are positive real numbers, then

( + )( + ) ∙ …∙ ( + )≥ + ∙ ∙ …∙ ( )
Proof.
Applying twice the AM-GM inequality,
∑ 1
≥ ; (2)
∏ (1 + )
∑ ∏
≥ ; (3)
∏ (1 + )
By adding the two relations, we obtain:
1+ ∏
1≥
∏ (1 + )
equivalent to the inequality in the statement. Equality occurs if = =⋯= .
2. Proposition
+ + ⋯+
+ ≥( + )( + ) ∙ …∙ ( + ) ( )
The proof will be relevant later, in a more general context (Theorem 7).
Relative to the vector =( , ,…, ) ∈ ℝ.
The following classic means of numbers , ,…, are well known:
∑
[ ]≔ (the arithmetical mean of numbers , ,…, ); (5)
[ ]≔ ∏ (the geometric mean of numbers , ,…, ); (6)

[ ]≔ (the harmonic mean of numbers , ,…, ); (7)
∑
As well as the inequality between them, [ ]≥ [ ]≥ [ ]; (8)

(where equality occurs if and only if = =⋯= ).
We will also note the product from the inequalities in (1) and (4), which we can also call
Huygens product, [ ] ≔ (1 + )(1 + ) ∙ … ∙ (1 + ) (9)
With these notations, from Propositions 1 and 2 we obtain the following very beautiful
framing for the Huygens product:
3. Proposition (of framing with means of Huygens product)

( + [ ]) ≤ ( + )( + ) ∙ …∙ ( + )≤( + [ ]) ( )
4. Corollary
The expression [ ]− is a mean of the numbers , ,…, , which refines the

inequality AM-GM.
Proof. From the relation (10) we deduce,
[ ]≤ (1 + )(1 + ) ∙ … ∙ (1 + )−1 ≤ [ ] (11)

so the conclusion follows.
We now present a framing for another product,
1 1 1
[ ]≔ 1+ 1+ ∙ …∙ 1 + (12)
5. Proposition (of framing with means for [ ])

+ ≤ + + ∙ …∙ + ≤ + ( )
[ ] [ ]
Proof.
We apply the inequality from Proposition 3.
For real numbers , ,…, > 0, we will note = , ∀ = 1, .
Obviously, > 0 and 1 + =1+ , = 1, . We also have:
1 1 1 1 1 1
[ ]≔ ∙ = ∙ = , [ ]≔ = =
[ ] [ ]
By substituting these last three expressions in inequality (1), the inequality from the
statement is obtained.
6. Corollary
The expression [ ]
is a mean of the numbers , ,…, .
which refines the inequality AM-GM.

Proof. Indeed, from relation (13) we deduce ,
1
[ ]≤ ≤ [ ] (14)
[ ]−1
so the conclusion follows.

We will now present a generalization of the framing with means (1) for the generalized
Huygens product,
, [ ]≔( + )( + ) ∙ …∙ ( + ) (15)
Associated with the vector =( , ,…, ) ∈ ℝ with , > 0.
7. Theorem (of framing with means of generalized Huygens product)
Let , positive real numbers. For real numbers , ,…, > there is double
inequality,
( + [ ]) ≤ ( + )( + ) ∙ …∙( + )≤( + [ ]) ( )
with equality if = =⋯= .
Proof. For the inequality on the left, we use the inequality of Huygens (1).
( + )= ∙ 1+ = ∙ 1+ ≥
≥ ∙ 1+ = ∙ 1+ ∙ =
= + ∙ =( + [ ])
Equality occurs if: + = + =⋯= + ⇔ = =⋯= .

8. Remark: For = = the inequality of Huygens is obtained, both in the direct version
and in the reverse version.
Because of (16) we deduce equivalently,
, [ ]−
[ ]≤ ≤ [ ] ( )
9. Corollary
, [ ]
For , positive real numbers, the number is a mean of positive real numbers
, ,…, , which refines the AM-GM inequality.
With replacement → , ∀ = , , in relations (16),(17) we get the following:
10. Proposition
a) For , , , ,…, strictly positive real numbers, there is double inequality,

+ ≤ + + ∙ …∙ + ≤ + ( )
[ ] [ ]
b) [ ]≤ ≤ [ ] ( )
[ ]
In the relations (10),(13),(16),(18) where highlighted the framing for different product-
expressions. We conclude with the setting of some framing established for the sum-
expression. Thus in [3], the following two framing with means where presented and
demonstrated:
11. Proposition
Let , > . For real numbers , ,…, ∈ , and weights , ,…, >
with + + ⋯+ = there is double inequality,
≤ ≤ ( )
+ [ ] + + [ ]

12. Proposition
Let , > . For real numbers , ,…, ∈ , ∞ and weights , ,…, >
with + + ⋯+ = there is double inequality,
[ ] [ ]
≤ ≤ ( )
[ ]+ + [ ]+

Two other beautiful framing with means were presented in [5]. See also [1] and [4].
13. Proposition
Let ≥ a natural number. For real numbers , ,…, ∈ ( , ), there is double
inequality,
≤ ≤ ( )
+ [ ] + + ]
14. Proposition
Let ≥ a natural number. For real numbers , ,…, ∈ , ∞ , there is double
inequality,

[ ] [ ]
∙ ≤ ≤ ∙ ( )
+ [ ] + + [ ]

References
[1.] Bogomolny A. , Inequality with Two Variables? Think Again. http://www.cut-the-
knot.org/arithmetic/algebra/MarghidanuGiugiuc.shtml?fbclid=IwAR2Zf2bpMFN5YirY6
Ct1WY3RVZGHwJyoxWFZx_lFXVgXnUONBkftodiUp8o
[2.] Huygens, Christiaan , “Oeuvres Completes 1888–1940”. Société Hollondaise des
Science, Haga , 1940 .
[3.] Mărghidanu D. , Două încadrări cu medii clasice , in “Revista de matematică şi

informatică ”, Constanţa, pp. 3- 7 , Anul XIV, nr. 1 , ianuarie , 2015 .
[4.] ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE-www.ssmrmh.ro
H ̈ LDER’s AND BERGSTR ̈ M’s INEQUALITIES-NEW APPLICATIONS

By Florică Anastase-Romania
BERGSTROM’s INEQUALITY (B)
( + )
+ ≥ ; , ∈ ℝ; , ∈ ( , ∞)
+
( + + )
+ + ≥ ; , , ∈ ℝ; , , ∈ ( , ∞)
+ +
( + + )
+ + ≥ ; , , , , , ∈ ( , ∞)
+ +
( + +⋯+ )
+ + ⋯+ ≥ ; ∈ ℝ; > ; ∈ ,
+ + ⋯+
HOLDER’s INEQUALITY (H)

( + + )
+ + ≥ ; , , , , , ∈ ( , ∞)
( + + )
( + + )
+ + ≥ ; , , , , , ∈ ( , ∞)
( + + )

( + + )
+ + ≥ ; , , , , , ∈ ( , ∞); ∈ ℕ; ≥
( + + )
( + )
+ ≥ ; , , , ∈ ( , ∞); ≥ ; ∈ℕ
( + )
( + + )
+ + ≥ ; , , , , , ∈ ( , ∞)
( + + )
( + + )
+ + ≥ ; , , , , , ∈ ( , ∞)
( + + )
( + + )
+ + ≥ ; , , , , , ∈ ( , ∞); ∈ℕ
( + + )
1) If , , > 0 then prove:
≥ ∙ −
( + ) + +
Proof.
( ) + +
= = ≥ =
(1 + ) 1+ 3 + + +3
1 + + ( )1 5 + + −9 1 1 1 1 ( )
= ∙ ≥ ∙ = ∙ 5 + + −9 ≥
3 + + +3 3 8 24
( ) 1 1 1 1 ( )
≥ ∙ 5∙3 + + −9 ≥
24
( ) 1 27 ( ) 3 15
≥ ∙ 5∙ −9 ≥ −1
24 + + 8 + +
1 1 1 5 −9
From = + + ; (1) ⇔ ≥ ⇔ ( − 3) ( + 1) ≥ 0, ∀ > 0
+3 8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(2) ⇔ + + ≥3 + + ⇔ + + ≥ + +
(3) ⇔ + + ≥ + +
( + + )
( )⇔ + + ≥ ;( )
3( + + )
( + + )
( )⇔ + + ≥ ;( )
+ +

2) If , , > 0 then prove:
( + )
≥ ∙ −
( + ) + +
Proof.
( + ) + ( ) 2 + + ( )
= = ≥ ≥
(1 + ) 1+ 3 3+ + +
2 5
( ) + + −9 1 1 1 1 ( )
≥ ∙ = ∙ 5 + + −9 ≥
3 8 12
( ) 1 1 1 1 ( )
≥ ∙ 5∙3 + + −9 ≥
12
( ) 1 27 ( ) 3 15
≥ ∙ 5∙ −9 ≥ −1
12 + + 4 + +
3) If , , > 0, ≥ then prove:

( + ) ( + )
≥ ∙ −
( + ) + +
Proof.
( + ) + ( )
= = = + ≥
(1 + ) 1+ 1+ 1+
( ) + + + + +1 + + ( )
≥ + = ∙ ≥
3 3+ + + 3 3+ + + 3 3+ + +
( ) +1 5 + + −9 +1 1 1 1 ( )
≥ ∙ = ∙ 5 + + −9 ≥
3 8 24
( ) +1 1 1 1 ( )
≥ ∙ 5∙3 + + −9 ≥
24
( ) +1 27 ( ) 3( + 1) 15
≥ ∙ 5∙ −9 ≥ −1
24 + + 8 + +

4) If , , > 0, > 0 then prove:
≥ ∙ −
( + ) + +
Proof.
( ) + +
= ≥ =
(1 + ) + 3 + + +3
+ + ( ) 5 + + −9
= ≥ ∙ =
3 + + +3 3 8
1 1 1 ( ) 1 1 1 1 ( )
= ∙ 5 + + −9 ≥ ∙ 5∙3 + + −9 ≥
24 24
( ) 1 27 ( ) 3 15
≥ ∙ 5∙ −9 ≥ ∙ −
24 + + 8 + +
5) If , , > 0, > 0 then prove:

( + )
≥ ∙ −
( + ) + +
Proof.
( + ) + ( )
2 + +
= ≥ ∙ =
(1 + ) + 3 + + +3
2 + + 2 + + ( )
= ∙ = ∙ ≥
3 + + +3 3 + + +3
( ) 2 5 + + −9 1 1 1 ( )
≥ ∙ = ∙ 5 + + −9 ≥
3 8 12
( ) 1 1 1 1 ( ) 1 27 ( )
≥ ∙ 5∙3 + + −9 ≥ ∙ 5∙ −9 ≥
12 12 + +
( ) 1 27 3 15
≥ ∙ 5∙ −9 = ∙ −
12 + + 4 + +

6) If , , > 0, , > 0 then prove:
( + ) ( + )
≥ ∙ −
( + ) + +
Proof.
( + ) + ( )
= = + ≥
(1 + ) + + +
( ) 1 + + + + +1 + +
≥ ∙ + ∙ = ∙ =
3 + + +3 3 + + +3 3 + + +3
+1 + + ( ) ( + 1) 5 + + −9
= ∙ ≥ ∙ =
3 + + +3 3 8
( + 1) 1 1 1 +1 1 1 1 ( )
= ∙ 5 + + −9 = ∙ 5 + + −9 ≥
24 24
( ) +1 1 1 1 ( ) +1 27
≥ ∙ 5∙3 + + −9 ≥ ∙ 5∙ −9 =
24 24 + +
3( + 1) 15
= ∙ −
8 + +
References:
[1]. Marin Chirciu -INEGALITĂŢI ALGEBRICE-de la iniţiere la performanţă, Editura „Paralela
45”-2014
[2]. Daniel Sitaru-ALGEBRAIC PHENOMENON-Publishing House”Paralela 45”-2017
[3]. ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE-www.ssmrmh.ro

PROPOSED PROBLEMS
5-CLASS-STANDARD
V.1. Find and ∈ ℕ knowing that =( ) .

Proposed by Petre Stângescu – Romania
V.2. Find the numbers with the property that = + + 1.
V.3. Prove that for any number of two distinct nonzero digits, the number +
doesn’t divide to the number ⋅ .
V.4. The ages of a family members (mother, father and child) are expressed through natural
nonzero numbers. The sum of their ages is 65 years. The father is 3 years older than the
mother. Is a year the mother’s age, which divides exactly to the child age. Knowing that the
mother when she gave birth was at least 18 years old, find the ages of every member of the
family.
V.5. Prove the following inequality:
5( + + )+ ≥ 2( + + ) + 14, (∀) , , ∈ ℝ with , , ≥ 2.
V.6. Let be the sequence = + + ⋯+ ( )

, ∈ ℕ∗ . Prove that < , (∀) ∈ ℕ∗ .
V.7. Find the prime numbers for which + = 5.
Proposed by Ştefan Marica-Romania

V.8. Find the prime numbers for which = , = , = + 1, =

+ 1.
V.9. Find such that: + + = .
V.10. Find such that: = ∙ 5 +
V.11. Find: = (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ⋯ + 4040) ∙ ∙

+ ∙
+ ⋯+ ∙
.
Proposed by Gheorghe Calafeteanu-Romania
All solutions for proposed problems can be finded on the

http//:www.ssmrmh.ro which is the adress of Romanian Mathematical
Magazine-Interactive Journal.
6-CLASS-STANDARD
VI.1. Let be , ∈ ℕ∗ with ≠ . Let’s consider the following sets:

={ = + ( + 1) | , ∈ ℤ}
and
={ = + ( + 1) | , ∈ ℤ}
Prove that = .
VI.2. Let be a prime number, ∈ ℕ, ≥ 2, , ,…, ∈ ℕ∗ with
( , )=( , )=⋯=( , ) = 1. Prove that if |( + + ⋯+ ), then
| + + ⋯+

VI.3. Solve in ℤ the following equation:

−3 +1=7
VI.4. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are expressed through nonzero natural numbers.
Prove that a side of the triangle has the length 1, then the triangle is isosceles.
VI.5. Find all the prime numbers , and for which = ,
+ = − , < 3000
VI.6. i) Find such that: + = −3 .
ii) Let be written like a sum of three perfect squares.
VI.7. Prove that the number: ∙ 1+ + +⋯+ ⋯

it’s perfect
square.

7-CLASS-STANDARD
VII.1. The circles (0 , ) and (0 , )( ≠ ) are exterior tangents in point .

∈ (0 , ), ∈ ( , )( , ≠ ) such that is common tangent to the two circles. If
+ = 25 cm and + = cm, find and

VII.2. The circles ( , ) and ( , ); ( ≠ ) are exterior tangents in point .

∈ ( , ),
∈ ( , ); ( , ≠ ) such that the side is a common tangent or the two circles.
Prove that , ∈ ℕ∗ , , ∈ ℚ∗ . Prove that ∈ ℕ∗ .
VII.3. Let be the circles ( , ) and ( , ) with = > + . If ∈ ( , ),
∈ ( , ), and have the same side of side such that the side is common
tangent to the two circles and if ∈ ( , ), ∈ ( , ), and are delimited by
center line, and the side is a common tangent to the two circle. Prove that:
a) − =4
b) + <2 −( + )
VII.4 Let be = √9 + 10 + 8, ∈ ℕ.
1) Find ∈ ℕ, knowing that ∈ℚ
2) Find the maximum value of > 0, for which { } > , (∀) ∈ ℕ, ≥ 3.
VII.5. Prove that + + +⋯+ < 10.

VII.6. Prove that:
2018 ⋅ + 2020 + 2018 ∉ ℚ, (∀) ∈ ℕ

VII.7. Prove that:
3 − 26 − 18 − 3 ∉ ℚ, (∀) ∈ ℕ, ≥ 10
VII.8. If = + + +⋯+ , ∈ ℕ∗ prove that [2 ] = 1, (∀) ∈ ℕ∗
VII.9. Let be = ⋅
+ ⋅
+ ⋯+ , ∈ ℕ∗ .
a) Find ∈ ℕ∗ if = 312
b) Prove that ∉ ℕ∗ , (∀) ∈ ℕ∗

c) Prove that ∉ ℚ∗ , (∀) ∈ ℕ∗

VII.10. In ℕ exprime the numbers , according to , , for which
+ ∙ + ∙ =( + + ) . Give an example.
VII.11 Find the numbers such that − = ∙ .
VII.12. Find the numbers such that =
√ √
VII.13. Let be ∈ ℕ∗ , , ∈ ℕ. Prove that if + = 1, then ⋅ =0
VII.14. Find , , ∈ ℕ for which √ +5+√ +3=
VII.15. Prove that the equation √ + √ + √ = , doesn’t have solutions in ℕ.
VII.16. Find the set: = ∈ ℕ| + √ + 2 ∈ ℚ , where [∗] is the greatest integer
function.
VII.17. Find , ∈ ℕ knowing that 9 + +7+ 4 +3 +9∈ ℚ
√
VII.18. Let > 0 with = . Prove that , ∈ ℚ such that √ + ∈ ℚ, then
√
= −4 .
VII.19. Prove that:
1 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 10 ⋅ … ⋅ 97 < 7
VII.20. Find such that: + + = .

VII.21. Find , ∈ ℝ such that: ( + ) = ( + 2019)( − 2019).


8-CLASS-STANDARD
VIII.1. If , , > 0, ≥ 0 then:

3
+ + ≥
+ + + +
VIII.2. If , , > 0, ≥ 0, + + +2= then:
( + )( + )( + ) ≥ (2 + )
Generalization Austria TST 2019
VIII.3. If , , > 0, + + = 3, ≥ 9 then:

3
+ + ≥
√ + √ + √ + √ +1
VIII.4. If , , , > 0, + + =3 then:

1 1 1 3
+ + ≥
2 −√ 2 − 2 −√

VIII.5. If 0 < , , , < 1 then:

2( + + + )+ + + + <8+4
Proposed by Ionuț Florin Voinea – Romania
VIII.6. If , , ≥ 0, + + = then:
6 3
≤ + + ≤
13 1 + ( + 1) 1 + ( + 1) 1 + ( + 1) 4
Proposed by Vasile Mircea Popa – Romania
VIII.7. Let ∈ ℕ, ≥ 2 and the real numbers , ,…, > 0 with + +⋯+ = .
Prove that:
1 −1
= ≥
+ −1 2

VIII.8. Two circles with radius , ( ≠ ) are exterior tangent in point . is on the circle
having the radius and is on the circle having the radius ( , ≠ ) such that the side
is common tangent to the two circles. Prove that:

VIII.9. If , , > 0, + + = 48 then:
1 1 1 3
+ + ≥
8−√ 8− 8−√ 4
Proposed by George Apostolopoulos – Greece

VIII.10. Find the numbers for which ! = − .
VIII.11. If , , , > 0, ≥ 0 then:
3 + +
+ + ≥ ⋅
+ + + ( + 1)( + 1) + +
VIII.12. The dimensions of the bases of a rectangular parallelepiped are equal with the
squares of two consecutives natural numbers, the altitudes ℎ −is equal with geometric
means of the dimensions of the base.

= ℎ(ℎ + 2) −the total area
(i) Find −the volume of rectangular parallelepiped.
(ii) If −is the center if ∆ ; −is the center if ∆ , prove that: = .
VIII.13. Find − ℎ natural numbers from the equation:
( + 1)(2 + 1)
(1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + ) + = ∙
3
VIII.14. If , , > 0, + + = 3, ∈ ℕ then:
+ + +
+ + ≥ + +
+ + +
VIII.15. If , , > 0, ≥ 1 then:
3
+ + ≥
( + )( + ) ( + )( + ) ( + )( + ) ( + 1)
VIII.16. If , , ∈ ℝ, > then:
6 + 6
≤ ≤
2 +1 + + 2 −1

VIII.17. If , , > 0 then:
1 1 1
+ + + + ≥ + +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

VIII.18. If , , , > 0, + + = 3 then:
( + + + ) + 4 ≥ ( + ) + 256
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Elena Iacob Meda – Romania
VIII.19. If , , > 0, ≥ 0 then:
( + + )
+ + ≥
( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + 1)( + + )

VIII.20. If , , > 0, + + = 3, > 0 then:
+ + +
+ + ≥ + +
+ + +
VIII.21. If , , > 0 then:

(3 + 2 + + 6)(3 + 2 + + 6)(3 + 2 + + 6)
≥ 216
( + 1)( + 1)( + 1)
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru, Mirea Mihaela Mioara – Romania
VIII.22. Solve for real numbers:

, ≥ 0, [∗] −
( + 2)( + 3) = 8
[ ] ⋅ [ ] + ( − [ ])( − [ ]) =
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Ionuț Ivanescu – Romania
+ = 16
VIII.23. Solve in ℝ × ℝ the system:
+ = −5
VIII.24. If , , ≥ 0, { } + { } + { } = ,{ } = − [ ], [∗] - GIF then:
1
{ }⋅[ ]⋅ +{ }⋅[ ]⋅ +{ }⋅[ ]⋅ < ([ ] + [ ] + [ ] ) + 1
64
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Eugenia Turcu– Romania
VIII.25. If , > 0 then:
2(5 + 5 + 6 )(5 + 5 +8 ) +
≥
(7 + 7 + 10 ) 2
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Roxana Vasile – Romania
VIII.26. If , , > 0, + + = 3, ≥ 2 then:
1 1 1 3
+ + ≤
+ + + +1
VIII.27. If , , > 0, = 1, ≥ 2 then:
√ √ √ 3
+ + ≥
√ + √ + √ + +1

VIII.28. Let , and be positive real numbers and + + = 3. Prove:

1 4 1 4 1 4
+ + + ≥8
( + ) ( + ) ( + )
Proposed by Jalil Hajimir-Canada
VIII.29. If , , > 0, + + = 3 then:
3 +2 3 +2 3 +2 2( + + )+9
+ + ≥
3 +2 3 +2 3 +2 5
Proposed by Kunihiko Chikaya-Japan

9-CLASS-STANDARD
IX.1. If , , > 0, + + = 3, ∈ ℕ then:
3
≥3
+ +

IX.2. In Δ , − Nagel’s cevian, − Gergonne’s cevian, the following relationship
holds:
( +2 + )<
Proposed by Bogdan Fuștei – Romania

IX.3. In Δ , − Nagel’s cevian, − Gergonne’s cevian, – Brocard’s angle the
following relationship holds:

+ 1
=2 1+ −
ℎ sin

IX.4. In Δ , – Nagel’s cevian, - Gergonne’s cevian, − incenter
+ + 2 + + + + 2 ℎ
Λ=

IX.5. In Δ , = 2. Let be Δ such that:
= + , = + , = +
Find: Ω = [ ].
Proposed by Adil Abdullayev-Azerbaijan
IX.6. In Δ , = tan 25° , = tan 55° , = tan 10°.
Find ( ), ( ), ( ).
IX.7. In acute Δ the following relationship holds:
9 ( ℎ + ℎ + ℎ ℎ )≥2 ( + +4 )
Proposed by Florică Anastase – Romania
IX.8. In Δ the following relationship holds:
+ ≥2
2 + ( −2 )
IX.9. If , , ≥ 0, ∈ ℕ, ≥ 2 then:
3 ( + + )( + + )
+ ≥ √3( + + )
+1 +1
IX.10. If , ∈ ℕ, , , , , , , , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), = + + , ≥ , ≥ , then:
− ( ) − ( )
+ + + + + +
+ +
− ( )
+ + + ≥
+

( + 1)( + 1)( + )
≥ ( + + ) − (3 + )( + + )
3 +
Proposed by D. M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu, Daniel Sitaru – Romania
IX.11. If , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), , , are sides of Δ having the area then:
+ + +2 +2
≥ 28√3
Proposed by D. M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu, Neculai Stanciu – Romania
IX.12. If , , ∈ 0, and is a triangle with the area , then:
tan + ( + )(sin + sin ) tan + ( + )(sin + sin )

+ +
(sin + sin ) (sin + sin )
tan + ( + )(sin + sin )
+ > 10√3
(sin + sin )
Proposed by D. M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu, Claudia Nănuți – Romania
IX.13. Let be ∈ ℝ = [0, ∞), then in any triangle having the area the following
inequality holds:
+ + +
+ + ≥ 8√3
( ) ( ) ( )
Proposed by D. M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu,Gheorghe Boroica-Romania
IX.14. If , , ∈ 0, , then in any triangle having the area the following inequality
holds:
tan + tan tan + tan tan + tan
⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ > 8√3
sin sin sin
Proposed by D. M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu, Dan Nănuți – Romania
IX.15. If , , , , ∈ ℝ∗ , then:
− +1 + ⋅ − +1 +
+ + + + + +
3
+ − +1 ≥
+ + + 2

IX.16. If ∈ ℕ and , , , , , ∈ ℝ = (0, ∞), then:
( + ) ( + ) ( + )
3 + + + ≥
≥ 2( + 1)( + + )
Proposed by D. M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu, Neculai Stanciu – Romania
IX.17. If , ∈ ℕ∗ and , , , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) then:
+ ( + ) + + + ( + ) + +
+ + + ( + ) ≥6 ( + 1)( + 1)
Proposed by D. M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu,Nicolae Mușuroia– Romania

IX.18. If , , > 0, + + ≤ 3 then:
1 1 1 + + +
9 + + − + + ≥3
IX.19. If , > 0, + ∈ , then:
1 1 1 1
⋅ ⋅ 1 + cos ⋅ 1 + cos ≤ 1 + cos + 1 + cos

IX.20. Let be ∈ ℕ( ≥ 2) positive numbers , ,…, , which form a arithmetic
progression having the ratio nonzero. Prove that:
+ + ⋯+ √ < 2( + )
2
IX.21. Solve for real numbers:
[tan ⋅ {cos }] = [cot ⋅ {sin }]
{ }= − [ ], [ ] − great integer function
Proposed by Rovsen Pirguliyev-Azerbaijan
IX.22. In acute Δ the following relationship holds:
3
+ + ≥
+ − + − + − 2

( + 1) + + 3(3 − )=2 + 2 + 4, ≥1
IX.24. If in Δ , (∢ ) > 152° then:
7
ℎ < ( + )
50
Proposed by Rovsen Pirguliyev-Azerbaijan
IX.25. Let −be a inside point of ∆ and = , = , = , then:
∙ ≥3
Proposed by D.M.Bătineţu-Giurgiu-Romania
IX.26. If , , > 0, ≥ 1 then:
+ + + 3
+ + ≤
+ (16 − 2 ) + + (16 − 2 ) + + (16 − 2 ) + 2

+ + + 1 4
+ + ≤ 1+
+ + + 3
IX.28. In acute Δ , – orthocenter, – incenter, – centroid the following relationship

holds:
3
cos + cos + cos ≤ ( + +4 )
2
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Luiza Cremeneanu– Romania
IX.29. If , , > 0, + + =4 (3 − − − ) then:
1
+ + ≤
4 +2 +1 4 +2 +1 4 +2 +1 2
When does equality holds?
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Nicolae Oprea– Romania

IX.30. If , ≥ 0,0 ≤ ≤ 1 then:
4 ≤ 2(1 − ) √ + + √ + ≤ 2( + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Sorin Pîrlea– Romania
3( + + ) + 4(ℎ + ℎ + ℎ ) ≥ 24√3
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru, Paula Țuinea – Romania
, , >0
+ + + ≥4
√ + +√ = + +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Amelia Curcă Năstăselu– Romania
1 1 1
+ + ≥3
sin + sin sin + sin sin + sin

IX.34. If , , > 0, ∈ ℕ, ≥ 2 then:
+ +
+ + ≥3
+ + + + + + 3
ℎ +ℎ +ℎ 6
≥

cot cot cot 1 2

+ + ≤ −1
cot cot cot 3

IX.37. Let , ≠ 0. Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that
= − + ,∀ ∈ ℝ
Proposed by Nguyen Van Canh-Vietnam

IX.38. If Δ the following relationship holds:
√ +√ +√ ≥ 6 12 +3
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Delia Popescu– Romania
IX.39. If , > 0 then:
2 2 20
√ + + +√ + ≥3 +
+ + ( + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Elena Alexie – Romania
IX.40. Find:
1 + √2 + √3 + ⋯ √ −
Ω = lim
→ +√ + √ +⋯+ √
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Gilena Dobrică – Romania
IX.41. If in Δ , 4 ( ) = 2 ( ) = ( ) then:
( − ) ( + ) ( + ) 14
+ + >
( + ) ( + ) ( − ) 3
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Ileana Duma – Romania
IX.42. If , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) and is a triangle having the area , then:

( + ) ( + ) ( + )
+ + ≥ 16
ℎ ℎ ⋅ℎ
Proposed by D.M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu, Neculai Stanciu – Romania
IX.43. If , ∈ ℕ, and is a triangle having the area , then:

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
(3 ) + + + ≥ 4( + 1) √3
Proposed by D.M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu – Romania
IX.44. If , , > 0, + + = 1, ≥ 2 then:
3
+ + ≤
+ + + +1

IX.45. Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that: ( − )= ( )− ( ), , ∈ ℝ,
fixed.
IX.46. If , , , > 0, = 1 then:

1 1 1 1 1
+ + + ≤
+ 79 + 79 + 79 + 79 20
Proposed by Rahim Shahbazov-Azerbaijan
IX.47. Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:
2019
( + )⋅ ( − )= ( )+ ,∀ , ∈ℝ
2020
3
+ + ≤
ℎ ℎ ℎ 2
sec + sec + sec ≤4

2 2 2 2
IX.50. Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:
( + 2 ) ⋅ (2 − ) = (4 )+
2019
IX.51. If , , , > 0, + + + = 12 then:
+ + <1
12( + ) 8( + + ) 6( + + + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Ileana Stanciu– Romania
1 1
+ min , , + ⋅ = 3, , >0


10-CLASS-STANDARD
X.1. ∈ ℕ − {0}, > 0, ∈ 1, , + + ⋯+ = 1. Prove that:
( + +⋯+ )⋅ ⋯
≤ ⋅

X.2. In Δ the following relationship holds:
( ) ( ) ( ) 2√2
+ + ≤
+ ( ) + ( ) + ( ) +2
X.3. Δ – equilateral, – lies on circumcircle between , . Prove that:

[ ]≥3⋅[ ]
X.4. A GENERALIZATION FOR SHAHBAZOV’S INEQUALITY

In Δ the following relationship holds:
2
+ + + ≥ + 3, ≤4
X.5. Solve for real numbers:
+ + + = ( + + 2), , > 0

( − )( − ) ≥ 2 + +

4 − 2ℎ − ℎ
− ≤3
+ −4 2

X.8. In Δ , – incenter, , , – circumradii of Δ ,Δ ,Δ the following

relationship holds:
2
(ℎ − 2 ) ≤( + )

X.9. In Δ , − Nagel’s cevian the following relationship holds:
−
√2 ( + ) + ( + ℎ )≥3 + 2 √3

X.10. In Δ , − Nagel’s cevian the following relationship holds:
8√2
≤
9 ℎ ℎ
X.11. If 0 < , < 1 then:
sin + ⋅ cos
> ⋅ + 1−
X.12. In acute Δ the following relationship holds:
3 ( − − 4 ) ≥ ( + )( + + 4 )
X.13 In Δ the following relationship holds:
64 + + 1 1
≤ + + ≤
81 3 ( + + ) ( + − ) 81
( + ) + = ( + ) + ,0 < <
Proposed by Florentin Vișescu – Romania

+ + <
+ +
3
≥
+ + 2 − 6√3 + 9
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Laura Zaharia – Romania
16 − 16 + 2 = √1 + + √1 −

X.18. If ∈ ℝ = [0, ∞), , , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) and … , ≥ 3 is a convexe

polygone having the area and the sides having the lenghts = , = 1, , =
, then
1 4 ( + )
( + ) ⋅ ≥ tan
( + ) ( + )

X.19. If , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), then:
1 1
( ) ≥
1 1
≥

X.20. If ∈ ℝ = [0, ∞) and , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), then:
1 1
( ) ( ) ≥
( ) ( )
1 1
≥
Proposed by D. M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu, Dan Nănuți – Romania

X.21. In Δ , – Nagel’s cevian, – incenter, – Gergonne’s cevian the following
relationship holds:
+ + + −
≥ , =
ℎ +ℎ 2(ℎ + ℎ + ℎ − 5 )
+ + + √3 + + + + +
= , =
+ + +ℎ +ℎ +ℎ + + +ℎ +ℎ +ℎ −3
X.22. In Δ the follwoing relationship holds:
4 ≥ ℎ ( + )

X.23. In Δ , – Nagel’s cevian, – Gergonne’s cevian the following relationship holds:
2
2 + ≥4 4− + ( + )

(5 − − ) ≤ 64

X.25. Prove that for (∀) ∈ ℕ, ≥ 2, we have:
√1 + √2 + √3 + ⋯ + √ < 2( + 1)
2
X.26. If , , > 0, + + + = 4, ∈ ℕ then:
3
+ + ≥
4− 4− 4− 3
2 3 5
+ ≥ + 1, ≤
27 (4 + ) 27
X.28. If in Δ , = 3 then:
16( + + + + + )
≤ ≤
9( + )( + )( + ) 4
2
+ + + ≥ + 3, ≤ 5
+ + + 1 4
+ + ≤ 1+
+ + + 3
X.31. If ∈ 0, then:
cos ≥ cos ⋅ cos (2 ) ⋅ cos (3 ) ⋅ cos (4 ) ⋅ cos 5 ⋅ cos 6

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Nicolae Tomescu – Romania

X.32. Solve for complex numbers:

( + + )
+ + =
( + + )
−3 −2 −3 +1=0
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Cristina Seinu – Romania
+ + + 4( + + )
+ + ≥
ℎ ℎ ℎ
4( + )
36 ≤ ≤
sin

X.35. If , , > 0, + + =3 then:
√ +√ +√ ≥3
+ + + + ≤3 ⋅
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Alecu Orlando– Romania
X.37. If 0 < ≤ ,0 ≤ ≤ 1 then:

2 ( + )√ + (1 − )( + ) ≥ 4
2 ( + )√ + (1 − )( + ) ≤ ( + ) 2( + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Mădălina Giurgescu– Romania
X.38 Solve for real numbers:

+ log + log = 67
√ ⋅ + ⋅ √ =√ ⋅ + ⋅
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Aurel Chiriță– Romania
X.39 In Δ the following relationship holds:
+ ≥2
2

X.40. In Δ , – centroid, – Lemoine’s point. Prove that:

∥ ⇔ + =2
X.41. If > 2,0 ≤ ≤ ≤ , + + = 3 then:
( − 1) log log( − 1) + ( − 1) log( − 1) log( + 1) + ( − 1) log log( + 1) ≥ 0
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Daniela Beldea – Romania
X.42. If , , ≥ 1, , , ∈ ℕ then:
2 2
( + 1) + ≥ 2 4√ + 4√ + 4√
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Simona Radu– Romania

1≤ , , ≤3
⎧ 1 1 1 35
( + + ) + + =
⎨ 3
⎩ 3 + log = 3
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Mihaela Dăianu – Romania
X.44. If ∈ ℝ = [0, ∞), is a triangle with the perimeter , area [ ] and the others
notations are the usual ones, then the following inequality holds:
⋅ cot + ⋅ cot + ⋅ cot ≥2 (4 + ) ≥ 2 √3

2 2 2
X.45. If ∈ ℝ = [0, ∞), is a triangle having the semiperimeter , area [ ] and the
other notations are the usual ones, then the following inequality holds:
⋅ cot + ⋅ cot + ⋅ cot ≥2 ⋅ (4 + ) ≥ 2 √3

2 2 2
X.46. If , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) then in any triangle having the area [ ] the following
inequality holds:
⋅ sin ⋅ sin ⋅ sin √3 [ ]
+ + ≥ ⋅
+ + + 2
Proposed by D.M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu, Dan Nănuți – Romania

X.47. If , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) and , , are the radii lengths of triangle excircles

having the semiperimeter , is the inradii, and is the circumradii, then:
4 − (4 + )
+ + ≥
+ + + 2
Proposed by D.M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu, Claudia Nănuți – Romania
X.48. If , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) and , , are the lengths of triangle with the area
[ ], then:
( + ) ( + ) ( + )
+ + ≥ 2√3[ ]
+ +2 + +2 + +2
Proposed by D.M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu – Romania, Martin Lukarevski – Macedonia
X.49. If , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) and is a triangle having the area then:
+ + +
+ + + + ≥ 48
+ + +
Proposed by D.M. Bătinețu – Giurgiu, Daniel Sitaru – Romania
X.50. If ∈ ℝ = [0, ∞), , , , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), then:
( +3 +3 +2 ) ( +3 +3 +2 )
+ +
( + ) ( + )
( +3 +3 +2 ) ( + + )
+ ≥
( + ) ( + )
X.51. In any trinangle having the area the following inequality holds:
( + ) + +( + ) + +( + ) + ≥ 8 √6

2
+ + + ≥ + 3, ≤6

+3+ 4 +2−
log = log , , > 1, ≥ 0
2 +3 3 +2

X.54. In Δ , – incentre, – circumcenter, the following relationship holds:

−
sin ≥
2 3

1 1 1 3( + 1)
+ + ≥ ,≥ ≥0
( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + 1)

X.56. In Δ then following relationship holds:
4 −2 + + 2
≥ (cos + cos + cos ) + , ≥
3 3 3
1 2 + 37
⋅ + ≥ ( + 9) , ≤
2 11

cot + cot + cot + cot + cot + cot ≥ 3( + + )

2 2 2 2 2 2
X.59. If , , > 0, + + = 3, ∈ ℕ, ≥ 2 then:
3
+ + ≤
+ + + ( + 1)
X.60. Let and be two real numbers. If 3 ≤ ≤ prove:
+ { }≤ + { }, {∗} is the fractional part of ∗

X.61. For any three real numbers and prove:
4 −3 +2 ≤ + +1

X.62. If , , > 0, + + = 3 then:

3
+ + ≥
+ + + 2
X.63. In Δ , – incenter, the following relationship holds:
486
≥
( )
Proposed by Radu Diaconu-Romania

X.64. Let Δ be the orthic triangle of acute Δ , – orthocenter. Prove that:
1 2 4
⋅ ≥ ⋅ , , ≥2
9 √3 3

X.65. If , , ∈ ℝ, ⋅ ⋅ ≠ 0 then:
√ + √ + √ +
+ + ≥ √2
+ + + + + +
Proposed by George Apostolopoulos-Greece
X.66. In Δ , – incenter the following relationship holds:
9 √3
≤ + + ≤
2 + + + 2
Proposed by George Apostolopoulos-Greece
+ + −
≤
−
+ +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Lucian Tuțescu– Romania

X.68. If , ∈ ℝ, | | < , | | < then:
1 1 1 1 8
+ + + >
− + − − + + + + − + + + √5
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Sorin Dumitrescu– Romania

X.69. If , , > 0 then:

1+√ 1+ 1+ √
≥4
√1 + ⋅ 1+ ⋅ √1 +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Nineta Oprescu– Romania
X.70. If , , , , , > 0, + + = 3 then:
+ + +
+ + ≥ 3√2
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Anicuța Patricia Bețiu – Romania

11-CLASS-STANDARD
XI.1. Let = cos( − ⋅ ), ∈ − , . Find:
Ω = lim , = cos( )
→
Proposed by Mohammed Bouras-Morocco
XI.2. , , ∈ ℕ, , , ≥ 2, > 0, ≠ 1, ∈ 1, all fixed. Find:
√ √ √ √ √
+ +⋯+
Ω = lim
→ √ √ √
+ + ⋯+
XI.3. If ∈ 0, then:
1
(1 + sin ) ⋅ (1 + cos ) ≥2+
sin + cos

XI.4 If : ℝ → ℝ is continuous function with ( )+ ( )= + , ∀ ∈ ℝ.

Find:
(tan ) − ( )
Ω = lim , ∈ℕ
→

XI.5. Find:
1
Ω = lim !⋅ 1+ −1
→ 2

XI.6. If , , ∈ (0,1), + + = 1 then:
1 3 ⋅ cos ( ) ⋅ cos ( ) ⋅ cos ( )

cos ≥
+ + + +
XI.7. ( ) ,( ) ,( ) are sequences of real numbers such that:
1 1 ( + 1)
= ⋅ ; = ⋅ ; = 2 cos − sin
2 2( + 1) 2( + 2)
Find:
Ω = lim ( ⋅ ⋅ )
→

XI.8. In acute Δ the following relationship holds:
√sin √sin √sin

tan ⋅ + tan ⋅ + tan ⋅ ≥ 3√162
√cos √cos √cos
Proposed by Florentin Vișescu – Romania
XI.9. Solve for real numbers:
1 1 1 1
log log( ) log( ) log( )
log log ( ) log ( ) log ( ) = 7+2 + log
log log ( ) log ( ) log ( )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Dumitru Săvulescu– Romania

XI.10. Find ( – golden ratio):
1 1 1 1
Ω = lim 1+ + 1+ + 1+ + ⋯+ 1+ −
→
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Claudiu Ciulcu – Romania

XI.11. If in Δ ; = then:
⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ ≥
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Cristian Schneider – Romania
XI.12. If , , > 0 then:
− √ +
≥3
−√ +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Mihaela Nascu – Romania

XI.13. Find:
( )( )
( + 1) ( )( )
Ω = lim
→ ( + 1)( + 2)
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Mihaela Stăncele – Romania

XI.14. Find:
Ω = lim ( + 1) ( + 2)
→

XI.15. Find:
Ω = lim
→

XI.16. Let be ∈ ℕ∗ and , ∈ ℝ = [0, ∞) and ( ) ,( ) ,( ) ,
, , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞); ∀ ∈ ℕ such that lim → ⋅

= ∈ ℝ∗ , lim → ⋅
= ∈
ℝ ,
lim = ∈ ℝ∗
→ ⋅

Find:
( ) ⋅ ⋅
lim − ⋅
→

XI.17. If ∈ ℕ∗ , ( ) is a sequence of real numbers strictly positive such that
lim → = ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), find:
( ) ⋅
lim − ⋅
→
XI.18. Let be ( ) , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), lim → ⋅

= ∈ ℝ∗ , = 1+ ,
= − ln + ∑ , ∀ ∈ ℝ∗ . Find:
lim −
→

XI.19. Let ( ) , =∑ and ( ) , =∏ . Find:
lim −
→
XI.20. If ∈ ℝ = [0, ∞) and the functions , : ℝ∗ → ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) having the properties

that
( ) ( )
lim → ( )⋅
= ∈ ℝ∗ , lim → ( )
= ∈ ℝ∗ and it exists
( ) ( )
lim → , lim → find:
( + 1) ( ) ( )
lim − ⋅
→ ( + 1) ( )
( )
XI.21 If , ∈ ℝ = [0, ∞), , : ℝ∗ → ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) such that lim → ( )
= ∈ ℝ∗ ,

( ) ( ) ( )
lim → ( )
= ∈ ℝ∗ and it exists lim → , lim → . Find:
( ) ( + 1)
lim − ( )
→ ( + 1)

XI.22. If , , ∈ (0,1) or , , ∈ (1, ∞), + + = then:
∑ ⋅ ∑ (1 − )
2⋅ tan tan ≤ tan ⎛ ⎞
|1 − |
⎝ ⎠
XI.23. If , , > 0, + + = 1, ≥ 0, ∈ ℕ then:
3
+ + ≥
√ + √ + √ + ( + 1)
XI.24. Find:
+
Ω = lim log 2 −
→ +

XI.25. Find:
( + 1)
Ω = lim
→ ( + )( + 2 + 1 + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Dorina Goiceanu – Romania

1 1 1 1
√ √ √ 2
=0
√ 4
√ 16
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Iulia Sanda – Romania

1 1 1 1
2
=0
8
16
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Nicolae Radu – Romania
XI.28. If 0 ≤ ≤ ,0 ≤ ≤ 1 then:
2 ≤ cos + (1 − ) sin ≤
2
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Lavinia Trincu– Romania
XI.29 If 0 < , < then:
sin tan sin tan

+ + >4
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Cristina Micu– Romania
XI.30. Find , , ∈ 0, such that:

sin sin sin 8−4
+ + =3+ ( + + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Claudia Nănuți – Romania

XI.31. If 0 < ≤ < then:
+
tan 2√ ⋅ tan ≤ tan √ ⋅ tan( + )
2
XI.32. Solve for , , , > 0:
=4
+ + +
+ + = + +
+ + +
=4
XI.33. If , , > 0, ( )
+( )
+( )
= then:
+ + ≤3
− +1 − +1 − +1
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru,Dan Nănuți – Romania
XI.34. ∈ ℝ, > 1, – fixed, Ω ( , ) = +
Find:

Ω = min Ω( , ) , Ω = max Ω ( , )
, ,
XI.35 If , , > 0, + + +2 = 1 then:

8(1 − )(1 − )(1 − ) ≤ 1
⎧(log( ) + ) = (log( )− ) + − log + + log
⎨ + + =5
⎩ , , >0
XI.37.
sin cos ⋅ sin cos ⋅ cos
= cos ⋅ sin sin cos ⋅ cos , =
cos ⋅ sin cos ⋅ cos sin
If , , ∈ ℝ then find:
Ω=

XI.38. If 0 ≤ , , ≤ 1, > 0 then:
2 (1 − )(1 − )− <3 +6−4 ( + + )

XI.39. Find:
1 1
Ω = lim
→ √2 − 1 (2 − 1) !
XI.40. Find:
1 1 1 1 1
Ω = lim ( − ) + + + ⋯+
→ 2 2 +1 2 +2 2 −1

XI.41.
tan
Ω = lim lim
→ → tan

XI.42.
= (2 + 1) tan +
2 +1
Find:
cot
Ω = lim lim
→ → cot

XI.43. Ω (1) = 111 … 11 . Find:
" "
Ω = lim Ω (1) + Ω (1) − Ω (1) − 2 Ω (1)

→
XI.44. If : (0, 2019) → (0, +∞), – continuous in (0,2019) then it exists , , ∈

(0,2019) satisfying:
2
− =
( ) ( ) ( )
XI.45. Prove that:
− log
− log ≥ 0, , >0
log log log

XI.46. Find:
Ω( , ) = lim ⋅ − − log 2 ⋅ log( ) , , >1

→

XI.47. If , , > 0, + + = 1 then:
+ + +
⋅ ⋅ ≤ ⋅ ⋅
2 2 2
XI.48.
Ω = (tan( ) + tan( ) + tan( )) ; , , , , , ∈ (0,1)
Ω = tan + tan + tan tan + tan + tan
Make an increasing order between Ω , Ω .

XI.49. If , , ∈ 0, then:
sin sin sin 3√sin sin sin

+ + ≤
sin + cos sin + cos sin + cos √sin sin sin + √ cos cos cos
( )!⋅( )
XI.50. Let =∑ ⋅ !⋅ !( )!⋅( )!
Where ∈ ℕ∗ calculate lim →
Proposed by Ali Jaffal – Lebanon

XI.51. Soinet , , trois reels strictment positifs tels que
+ ≥ 1, + ≥ 1, + ≥ 1.
Montrer que:
+ + +
+ + + 2( + + )≥
2 2 2
1
≥ + + + + + +3
2

XI.52. If , , > 0, ( + + )( + + ) = 9 then:

1 1 1 9
( + + ) + + ≥
( +2 + ) ( +2 + ) ( +2 + ) 4
XI.53. If , , > 0 then:
+ +
27( + + ) ≥ 80 +
3

9⋅2 ⋅
sin ≥ , , , ≥2
− 3 ⋅

XI.55. If – convexe quadrilateral, 2 = 1 then:
1 2 3 4 4
12 + + + + ≥ 10 ⋅
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

XI.56. If – convexe quadrilateral, 2 = 1 then:
1 1 1 1 1 20000
1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ ≥
( ) +6

XI.57. If in Δ , + + = 1 then the following relationship holds:
( ) + max( , ) 2
>
( )+ ( ) ( )+ ( ) + min( , ) 3

( ) 8
sin >
cos 3

XI.59. In acute Δ , – orthocenter, , ≥ 2, > 0 the following relationship holds:
2 ⋅ ⋅
2 ≥ ⋅ + + ⋅( + + )
3
XI.60. If , , > 1, + + =3 then:
1 9
(log ) ≥
(log ) ⋅ (1 + log ) 2
Proposed by Lazaros Zachariadis-Greece

XI.61. If , , > 0, + + = 3 then:
3 ( + )+ + (27 ) ≥ 486( )

1 1
⋅ =1
(tan ) (cot )
XI.63. In Δ the following relationship holds:
2
+ + ≤
+ + + 2 +
XI.64.
= 7, = 5,2 = + , = , ∈ ℕ ∖ {0}
Find:
5
Ω = lim
→ 7
XI.65. If , , , , , > 0, + + = 3, + + = 9 then:
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 3
≥
3( + ) ( + ) ( + ) 8

XI.66. Find:
log 1 +
Ω = lim
→
log 1 +

12-CLASS-STANDARD
XII.1. If , ∈ ℕ, ≥ , = ( + 1) ∑ ∫ (1 − ) , find:
Ω = lim ( − 2)
→

XII.2. Prove without softs:
ln( + )
> log 1 + √2 ⋅ log √2
√ +
XII.3. If , > 0, then ∃ ∈ 0, such that:
1 tan
= tan + 4 tan
( + 1)( cos + sin ) ( + 4)

XII.4. Prove that:
1 (tan ( + 2))
tan + (log(tan ( + 1))) < log , >1
+3 +3 (tan ( + 1))

XII.5. If 0 < ≤ then:
tan 1 1
≥ ⋅ tan

XII.6. If : [0,1] → (0, ∞), – continuous then:
2 ( ) ≤ ( ) + ( )

XII.7. Find:
⋅ ∏ sin
Ω = lim ⎛ ⎞
→ ∑ sin sin
⎝ ⎠
XII.8. Find:
cot
Ω=
√1 +

XII.9. Find:
1 sin ⋅ sin sin ⋅ sin

Ω = lim exp −2⋅
→ sin + sin sin + sin

XII.10. If ∈ ℕ∗ then:
( + 1) ≥ √2 ⎛ ⎞
⎝ ⎠
XII.11. Prove that:

tan (1 + ) − (1 − ) = , >0
2

XII.12.
1 −1 +1 +1 tan −1 tan −1
= csc sin + cos ; = ; =
√2 2 2 2 √2 √2
Prove that:
+1 +1 −1
= ×
−1 −1 +1
XII.13. Find:
Ω( , ) = tan √ − − tan ( − ) , , ∈ ℕ − {0}

XII.14. If 0 < < < < then:
1 1 1 ( )
+ + >3
− − −
XII.15. If ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), : ℝ → ℝ∗ ; : ℝ → ℝ are continuous functions, is even and is

odd, then:
( )
=
( )+ ( )+ ( )+ ( )
XII.16 If : ℝ → ℝ is a continuous even function such that ∫ ( ) = ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞),

find:
( )
+√ + +
where ∈ ℝ∗
XII.17. Let be , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) find:

sin + cos
+ cos + √ + cos

XII.18. If , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) and ( ) = ∫ √
, then:
27
( )+ ( )+ ( )≥
4( + + )
XII.19. If , , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) and , : ℝ → ℝ∗ are continuous functions, is odd and
is even. Find:
( cos + sin ) ( )
=
( )+ ( )+ ( )+ ( )

XII.20. Let , : ℝ → (0, ∞) be integrable functions on [ , ] and = ≤ ≤⋯≤ =
.
If ∫ ( ) =∫ ( ) = 1, prove:
⎛ ( ) ( ) ⎞ ≤2 ; >1
⎝ ⎠
XII.21. Evaluate:
2(1 + ) + (1 − )(1 + 3 − + ) ln(1 + )

(1 + )

XII.22. Find:
log
Ω = lim log 1+
→

XII.23. If 0 < ≤ < then:
tan
log + 4√2(cos − cos ) + 4√2(sin − sin ) ≥ 10( − )
tan
XII.24. If 2 < ≤ then:
log( − 1) log( + 1) ≤ (log − log + 1) − (log − log + 1)

XII.25.
Ω( ) = √tan , ∈ ℕ, ≥2
If , , ∈ ℕ, , , ≥ 2 then:
3
Ω( ) ⋅ Ω( ) ⋅ Ω( ) ≥
2 cos + cos + cos

UNDERGRADUATE PROBLEMS
( , , )
U.1. Let: ( , ) = lim → ( , , )
Prove that ( , ) is the solution of equation = + .
U.2. Let: ( ) + =1
( ( ) )⋅ ( ) =
2
Find the function ( ).

U.3. Prove that:
( )
ln (1 − ) =0

U.4. Find:
log(1 + )
Ω=
− +1

U.5. Find:
sin
Ω = lim
→ ( + 1)(2 − cos )

U.6. Find:
Ω( ) = , >0
( + + 1)( + 1)

U.7. Find a closed form (in case of convergence):
cosh
Ω( ) = , ∈ℝ
√ −
Proposed by Zaharia Burghelea – Romania

U.8. If 0 < ≤ , ∈ ℕ − {0} then:
( − ) erf( ) ≥ erf( )

U.9. Find:
Ω( ) = , ∈ℝ
(1 + )(1 + )

U.10. If ( ) , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), ∀ ∈ ℕ∗ such that lim → ⋅

= ∈ ℝ∗ and
Γ: ℝ∗ → ℝ∗ is Euler’s second degree function, fiind:

( )!⋅( )‼
1
lim Γ
→
!( )‼

U.11. Let be , , Γ: ℝ∗ → ℝ∗ = (0, ∞) continuous functions such that
( )
lim → ( )
= ∈ ℝ∗ ,
( )= ( ) and it exist lim → ( ) and Γ is Euler’s second degree function. Find:

( )
1
lim Γ
→ ( )
( )

U.12. Find the closed form:
( + 1)( + 2) ⋅ … ⋅ ( + − 1)
Ω=
( + 1)( + 2)( + 3) ⋅ … ⋅ ( + )

U.13. Evaluate the limit
(2 )!
lim
→
2 !
Proposed by K. Srinivasa Raghava – AIRMC – India
U.14. Show that:
∑ − 1
√ √
= 2 √5 + 5 − √5 − 1
∑ − 2
√ √

U.15. For any positive integer > 0, we have:
cos (log( ))
sech =
2 1+

U.16. Evaluate the integral for, ≥ 0
− sin( )
U.17. Prove the relation for any positive integer, ≥1
cos − sin =

U.18. Prove that:
1 2 12( + 1) 24
+ + + =
− 1 ( − 1) log( ) ( − 1) log log ( )
3 (3) 5
= + − − log(2 )
3
U.19. Show that:
1 1 1 1 1
lim 1+ + + + ⋯+ =
→
U.20. Solve the equation:

( + ) − ( + ) =0
where = when = 1.
U.21. Prove that:

1 1 1
lim − − =0
→ ( + 1)( + 1)
U.22. Let’s define the function:
( )=
−1
( )
then prove that
1
+ log( ) ( ) =−
30
U.23. Prove this sharp inequality:
3 3 2 + 13 + 3√5 sin 3 3 2 + 13 + 3√5

− ≤ ≤
20 + 12√5 − 8 13 + 3√5 cos(2 ) + 20 + 12√5 − 8 13 + 3√5
− Golden Ratio
U.24.
1− 1
sin( ) =
2√
the only real number satisfying the above relation is =

U.25. For any > 0, if
( )= 2 1− cos( ) + log (sin( )) + log (cos( )) sin(4 )
( )
then calculate the limit: lim → .

U.26. If we have:
1 + √ log( )
+ = log(1 − )
1+
1 + √ log( )
= log(1 + )
1+
then prove that

1
+ − = 8 + √2 + √2 log 17 + 12√2
8

U.27. For any real numbers , and > , we have:
1 2 Γ − Γ 1+
+ cot( ) cos( ) =
tan( ) √
1 2 Γ 1− Γ
+ cot( ) sin( ) =
tan( ) √

U.28. Prove the relation:
1 7 (3)
sin(2 ) log(log(tan( ))) = 2 log( ) − − 2 − 4 log(2)
6

U.29. Prove the inequality:
2 2 ‼
lim <
→ !

U.30.
Ω= erf ( ) + 36 erf( ) − 12 erf( )
⋅ Ω < 0, ⋅ Ω = 0, ⋅Ω>0
U.31. If 0 < ≤ , : [ , ] → [0, ∞), – continuous then:

( )+ ( ) ( )+ ( ) ≥ 12 ( )

U.32. If 0 < ≤ then:
1 +
+2 ≤ log
2 +

U.33. If , , > 0, ∈ ℕ, ≥ 2,0 < ≤ < then:
+ +
sin ≥( − ) √sin
+ +

U.34. Find:
Ω=
(∑ ) ∑

U.35.
1
Ω( ) = 1+ ⋅ , >0
( )
Prove without softs: ( )
>
√

U.36. If : [ , ] → (0, ∞), continuous, ≤ then:
( )+ ( )
+ ( ) ( ) ≤ 2( − ) ( )
2

U.37. If 0 < ≤ < then:

cos − cos − cos − ≥

4 4 4
≥ sin ( + ) ⋅ sin ( − )
U.38. If , , > 1, + + = 1 then:
Γ( ) 1 1 Γ( )
< log( )− < +
Γ( ) 2 2 Γ( )

U.39. Solve for real numbers:
0≤ , , ≤2
6
+ + + = +4
+ +1 + +1 + +1 5
U.40. If , , , < 0 then:
( + + ) 27
≥
( + ) 8

U.41. If 0 < ≤ then:
8 −
+ ≥
(3 + 2 ) (2 + 3 ) 25 +


ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE-R.M.M.-SUMMER 2021
PROBLEMS FOR JUNIORS
JP. 301. Prove that in any triangle the following inequality holds:
tan cot + tan cot + tan cot ≥ √3
2 2 2 2 2 2
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu – Romania
JP.302. Prove that in any triangle the following inequality holds:

+ + ≥ 54
JP.303. Let , , ≥ 1 such that + + −2 = 1 and ≥ 0. Prove that:

2( + )( + )( + ) ≤ ( + 1) (1 + )
JP.304. Solve the followinge equation in real numbers:

+1
3 − +1+ = 2( − 3 + 4)
2
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam
JP.305. Solve the following equation:

2( + 1) + 2 3 − =7−3
JP.306. If , , > 0 then:

( + 2 )√ + ( + 2 )√ + ( + 2 )√ ≤ ( + + ) 3( + + )
JP.307. Solve the following equation in real numbers:

−3
−2 +2 +3 − +1+2 4 −3 = +7
2
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung – Vietnam
JP.308. Let , , ∈ [1,3] such that + + = 6. Find the maximum value of the
expression:

= + +
JP.309. If ∈ ℕ, ℎ , ℎ , ℎ , ℎ are the heights lengths of a tetrahedron [ ] having the

radius of the inscribed spere , then:
1 ℎ −3 ℎ −3 ℎ −3 ℎ −3 +1
+ + + + ≥
4 ℎ +3 ℎ +3 ℎ +3 ℎ +3 7
JP.310. If , , > 0; = 1 then:

( + )+1 3 1 1 1
≥ + +
+ 2
JP.311. If , , > 0; √ + + √ = 3 then:

+ + ≥√ + +√
JP.312. If , , > 0 then:

9
+ + + + ≥
+ + + +1
where ≥ 0.
JP.313. Solve the following system of equations:

4( + ) = 8( + )+6
16 − 20 = 1− −5
JP.314. Solve the following system of equations:

+ + = + +
+ + =3
JP.315. If is the semiperimeter of triangle and , , the radii of excircles, then:

− − − 3
+ + ≥
+ + + 2

PROBLEMS FOR SENIORS
SP.301. Let , , be positive numbers such that + + = 3. Find the minimum value of:
1 1 1
= + + + + +
+ + + + + +
SP.302. In acute-angled triangle let , , be the inradii in Δ ,Δ ,Δ ,

where is the circumcenter of Δ and the orthocenter. Prove that the following
inequality holds:
√3 ⋅
+ + <
12
with the usual notations in triangle.
Proposed by Radu Diaconu – Romania
SP.303. Let , , be positive numbers such that + + = 3. Find the minimum value of:
= + +
√ +8 +8 √ +8
SP.304. Let , , be positive real numbers such that ( + )( + )( + ) = 1. Find the

minimum value of the expression:
= + +
( + 2 )( + 3 ) ( + 2 )( + 3 ) ( + 2 )( + 3 )
SP.305. Let , , be positive real numbers such that = 1. Find the maximum value of
the expression:
1 1 1
= + +
√3 − 4 + 2 + 11 √3 − 4 + 2 + 11 √3 − 4 + 2 + 11
SP.306. In Δ the following relationship holds:

16 4 +
⋅ ≤ + + ≤4 −1
9 3 −2

SP.307. In acute Δ the following relationship holds:
ℎ ℎ 2( − )
2+ − ≤ (1 + csc ) ⋅ (1 + sec )
( )
SP.308. Let ( ) , = 0, = . Find:
Ω = lim (2 + )
→
SP.309. In any Δ the following relationship holds:

− − − 1
≤ sin sin sin ≤
4 4 4 4 8
SP.310. In Δ , ∈ ( ) the contact point of the external circumscription circle of side

and ′ the contact point of the external circumscription circle of side . Prove that:
is tangent of the inscribed circle in if and only if:
( − ) +( − ) =( − )
SP.310. In Δ , ∈ ( ) the contact point of the external circumscription circle of side

and the contact point of the external circumscription circle of side . Prove that:
is tangent of the inscribed circle in if and only if:
( − ) +( − ) =( − )
SP.311. If ∈ (ℝ such that det( + 4 ) = 0. Prove that:

(det ) = ( )
SP.312. In Δ let the point ∈( ) such that the incircle in Δ ′ and Δ ′ have the
same radius. Prove that:
⋅ ⋅ ′≥3

SP.313. Let , , positive real numbers such that = 1. Find the minimum value of the
expression:
= 2( + + )+ + +
+ +1 + +1 + +1
SP.314. Let , , be positive real numbers such that + + = 3. Prove that:

3
+ + ≥
4( + 1) √ +1 4( + 1) 2
SP. 315. Find:

2 2 3 3 3 2
Ω = cos sin sin − cos sin sin − cos sin sin
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Proposed by Pedro Pantoja – Brazil
UNDERGRADUATE PROBLEMS
UP.301. Let , , be positive real numbers such that = 1. Find the minimum value of:
= 2( + + )+ + +
+ +1 + +1 + +1
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Hanoi – Vietnam
UP.302. Let , , be positive real numbers such that + + = . Find the minimum
value of:
= (2 − +2 )(2 − + 2 )(2 − +2 )
UP.303. Let , , be positive real numbers such that ( + )( + )( + ) = 1. Find the

minimum value of the expression:
= + +
( + 2 )( + 3 ) ( + 2 )( + 3 ) ( + 2 )( + 3 )
UP.304.
= 2 sin , ∈ ℕ∗
2
Find:

2− ⋅
Ω = lim
→
UP.305. Let ( ) , = , = and ( ) such that:

1 1
1+ = 1+
log
Find:
Ω = lim
→
UP.306. Let ( ) , = 2, = ( − ( − 1)! − 2) − 2

1+2 −∑
Ω = lim
→
UP.307. Let ( ) , ∈ (0, ∞) be a sequence of real numbers such that:

= √ , > 0, = ⋅ + 1 then find:
+1
Ω = lim , ∈ ℕ, ≥2
→ +1
UP. 308. Find:

+
log ∑ ( + )
Ω = lim
→ √ !
UP.309. In acute Δ the altitudes , , intersect at all second times the

determined circle by the points , , in , , . Prove that:
(2 ) ≥ ( ) ⋅( ) ⋅( )
UP.310. Let , , be positive real numbers such that + + = 3. Prove that:

3 √ + + √ + 1 ≥ 4( + + )
Hence, find the minimum value of the expression:

3 √ + +√
= + + +
+ + + 8

UP.311. Find:
( + 1) √
lim −
→ ( + 1)! √ !
UP.312. If ∈ = [0, ∞) and , , , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), then:

+ +
( + ) ⋅ sec ( + ) ⋅ csc
3
+ ≥
( + ) csc 4 ( + )
UP.313. Let be ( ) ,( ) , , ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞), ∀ ∈ ℕ∗ ,
lim = ∈ ℝ∗ , =
→ √ !
Find:
lim −
→
UP.314. Let ( ) ,( ) be sequences of real strictly positive numbers such that:

lim = ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞); lim = ∈ ℝ∗
→ (2 − 1)‼ → (2 − 1)‼
Find:
lim (2 + 1)‼ − ⋅
→
UP.315. Let ( ) ,( ) be sequences of real strictly positive numbers such that:

lim = ∈ ℝ∗ , lim = ∈ ℝ∗ = (0, ∞)
→ ! → (2 − 1)‼
Find:
lim ( + 1)! ⋅ (2 + 1)‼ −

→

INDEX OF AUTHORS RMM-29

Nr.crt. Numele și prenumele Nr.crt. Numele și prenumele
1 DANIEL SITARU-ROMANIA 41 HOANG LE NHAT TUNG-VIETNAM
2 D.M.BĂTINEȚU-GIURGIU-ROMANIA 42 KUNIHIKO CHIKAYA-JAPAN
3 CLAUDIA NĂNUȚI-ROMANIA 43 MEHMET ȘAHIN-TURKEY
4 NECULAI STANCIU-ROMANIA 44 NGUYEN VIET HUNG-VIETNAM
5 MARIAN URSĂRESCU-ROMANIA 45 SRINIVASA RAGHAVA-INDIA
6 BOGDAN FUSTEI-ROMANIA 46 MOHAMMED BOURAS-MOROCCO
7 DAN NĂNUȚI-ROMANIA 47 JALIL HAJIMIR-CANADA
8 MARIN CHIRCIU-ROMANIA 48 ROVSEN PIRGULIYEV-AZERBAIJAN
9 VASILE BURUIANĂ-ROMANIA 49 LAZAROS ZACHARIADES-GREECE
10 VASILE JIGLĂU-ROMANIA 50 GEORGE APOSTOLOPOULOS-GREECE
11 FLORICĂ ANASTASE-ROMANIA 51 THANASIS GAKOPOULOS-GREECE
12 VASILE MIRCEA POPA-ROMANIA 52 ALI JAFFAL-LEBANON
13 ANGELA NIȚOIU-ROMANIA 53 NGUYEN VAN CANH-VIETNAM
14 GHEORGHE CALAFETEANU-ROMANIA 54 ADIL ABDULLAYEV-AZERBAIJAN
15 PETRE STÂNGESCU-ROMANIA 55 RAHIM SHAHBAZOV-AZERBAIJAN
16 FLORIN IONUȚ VOINEA-ROMANIA 56 MARTIN LUKAREVSKI-MACEDONIA
17 ȘTEFAN MARICA-ROMANIA 57 PEDRO PANTOJA-BRAZIL
18 FLORENTIN VIȘESCU-ROMANIA 58 ZAHARIA BURGHELEA-ROMANIA
19 RADU DIACONU-ROMANIA 59 ALECU ORLANDO-ROMANIA
20 MIREA MIHAELA MIOARA-ROMANIA 60 MĂDĂLINA GIURGESCU-ROMANIA
21 IONUȚ IVANESCU-ROMANIA 61 AUREL CHIRIȚĂ-ROMANIA
22 EUGENIA TURCU-ROMANIA 62 DANIELA BELDEA-ROMANIA
23 ROXANA VASILE-ROMANIA 63 SIMONA RADU-ROMANIA
24 LUIZA CREMENEANU-ROMANIA 64 LUCIAN TUȚESCU-ROMANIA
25 CAMELIA DANĂ-ROMANIA 65 MIHAELA DĂIANU-ROMANIA
26 NICOLAE OPREA-ROMANIA 66 TATIANA CRISTEA-ROMANIA
27 SORIN PÎRLEA-ROMANIA 67 SORIN DUMITRESCU-ROMANIA
28 PAULA ȚUINEA-ROMANIA 68 NINETA OPRESCU-ROMANIA
29 CĂTĂLIN PANĂ-ROMANIA 69 ANICUȚA PATRICIA BEȚIU-ROMANIA
30 AMELIA CURCĂ NĂSTĂSELU-ROMANIA 70 DUMITRU SĂVULESCU-ROMANIA
31 DELIA POPESCU-ROMANIA 71 CLAUDIU CIULCU-ROMANIA
32 ELENA ALEXIE-ROMANIA 72 CRISTIAN SCHNEIDER-ROMANIA
33 ELENA IACOB MEDA-ROMANIA 73 MIHAELA NASCU-ROMANIA
34 GILENA DOBRICĂ-ROMANIA 74 MIHAELA STĂNCELE-ROMANIA
35 ILEANA DUMA-ROMANIA 75 DORINA GOICEANU-ROMANIA
36 ILEANA STANCIU-ROMANIA 76 IULIA SANDA-ROMANIA
37 LAURA ZAHARIA-ROMANIA 77 NICOLAE RADU-ROMANIA
38 NICOLAE TOMESCU-ROMANIA 78 LAVINIA TRINCU-ROMANIA
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Romanian Mathematical Society-Mehedinți Branch 2021

50 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

SCHUR’S INEQUALITY: If , , > 0 then:

51 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

ABOUT AN INEQUALITY BY GEORGE APOSTOLOPOULOS

Lemma.If < < then ≥

If < < then ≥

that the polynomial attached equation to have double root = . We obtain

equality for = . Let’s get back to the main problem.

52 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

Lemma.If < < then ≥

that the polynomial attached equation to have double root = .

REVERSE INEQUALITY OF HUYGENS AND SOME FRAMING WITH MEANS

53 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

[ ]≔ ∏ (the geometric mean of numbers , ,…, ); (6)

As well as the inequality between them, [ ]≥ [ ]≥ [ ]; (8)

54 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

The expression [ ]− is a mean of the numbers , ,…, , which refines the

[ ]≤ (1 + )(1 + ) ∙ … ∙ (1 + )−1 ≤ [ ] (11)

5. Proposition (of framing with means for [ ])

For real numbers , ,…, > 0, we will note = , ∀ = 1, .

Obviously, > 0 and 1 + =1+ , = 1, . We also have:

which refines the inequality AM-GM.

55 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

Equality occurs if: + = + =⋯= + ⇔ = =⋯= .

, ,…, , which refines the AM-GM inequality.

With replacement → , ∀ = , , in relations (16),(17) we get the following:

56 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

with + + ⋯+ = there is double inequality,

with equality if = =⋯= .

with + + ⋯+ = there is double inequality,

with equality if = =⋯= .

Let ≥ a natural number. For real numbers , ,…, ∈ , ∞ , there is double

57 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

with equality if = =⋯= .

[3.] Mărghidanu D. , Două încadrări cu medii clasice , in “Revista de matematică şi

[4.] ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE-www.ssmrmh.ro

H ̈ LDER’s AND BERGSTR ̈ M’s INEQUALITIES-NEW APPLICATIONS

HOLDER’s INEQUALITY (H)

58 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

1) If , , > 0 then prove:

59 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

3) If , , > 0, ≥ then prove:

60 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

5) If , , > 0, > 0 then prove:

61 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

62 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

V.1. Find and ∈ ℕ knowing that =( ) .

V.6. Let be the sequence = + + ⋯+ ( )

Proposed by Petre Stângescu – Romania

V.7. Find the prime numbers for which + = 5.

Proposed by Ştefan Marica-Romania

63 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

V.8. Find the prime numbers for which = , = , = + 1, =

V.11. Find: = (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ⋯ + 4040) ∙ ∙

Proposed by Gheorghe Calafeteanu-Romania

All solutions for proposed problems can be finded on the

VI.1. Let be , ∈ ℕ∗ with ≠ . Let’s consider the following sets:

64 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE NR. 29

VI.3. Solve in ℤ the following equation:

VI.7. Prove that the number: ∙ 1+ + +⋯+ ⋯

All solutions for proposed problems can be finded on the

VII.1. The circles (0 , ) and (0 , )( ≠ ) are exterior tangents in point .

+ = 25 cm and + = cm, find and