=

− =

= +

=

= +

 
 =  +
 
=

=  =

=−

− =
− ( − + )− − =


=
= =

=
 ( ) + ( ) =

+


  
 =

=
=
 
 =
 

 
=   =
 
 

= −
= 

= + + ( + ) 
= −


= + + = ( − )  = −

 
=  + +  = = =  =
 
=

 
=− + − =−
 

= =
+ =(  )
= =
  −

= =

+
=
( + )
=
+ + + − − +
=
+
 = 
− =− − +

=   

=  
= =

= = 
=
 
= =  =  =
 =  

=
=
=  

 =  = 
+  + = +  +

+ ( ) = + ( )
= 
 − =
=

= +
+

=
 −

=  =

−


= 

=
  
  =  + 
 
= = 
 = + =
 

= 
 →
 
=   +  +   →
 
  ⊥
=  =
  →

  −

   = =  = −

=    
 
    →
 =
 
  
 = =
 
   
 =   =  − =  
 
   = +
− =  
 
= = =  = 

= + −

= + − = 

= 
=

= =

= =

 = 
= =

 =
=


− =  =
 
= + =   =
 

=


= =
+
=

 = 

  = −
 ( )  −  
= = = =  
 ( )  
 − 
  =  = =

 =  =  
 
  =
= =
 =

   
=
+ 
= =

= +
 =  =
= +
( + )
=
( + )

 =  
   
=       = =   
   

= + + = + + 

= ( + + )=  +

=  = 
→
 −    →
 = = =

 +
= +  
  
=

= + = + =

  
=
( ) ( ) =   

 

( ) 
 





= =
 
 − =
 


 

 − −

= = −
=



 →
    
   

− −
+ →

+
+ → + +
+
+ → +

+ → + +

− − −
   

  ⎯→
+
−
 
+ −
 
−
 
+ −
 

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
→





 •• 
••

•• • • ••
•• • • •
• •• •
• + + +
− +
•
• + ⎯⎯⎯→ +
••

−
−


   
=−  − =−  
   

→ 

  

  
−  −


  = =
 
 

 
 =  =
 

 = =

 = =

 = =

→ 


 ⎯→ 

  





 


