–

–
–
 ─

∈
 
 
 = =

 

∙ ∙

∙ ∙ ∙
∙
∙
  
= −  −  =− − 
 
+

∡
    
= −  −  = −  −  = +
   
= =− −  =− −

+ + (− )
=− = = =

∡ ∡
∡ ∡

−
=− − )
+
=

−
∡ ∡ =
 − − −
= + = 
 ( − ) (− ) 
=

    
=  = − = =  =
   
 
− = =  = =
 
   
=  = =  =
   

  
=


= − − −
=    =

  
= + +
 = + =
  
= = = =


= − =
+ − − −
 
−
− 

 + − − − − −
 
−
−  = − 

− −
= − 
= −  =  − =  =

 +

 =

 =  =

 =

= + =

=
 ∈
∈
∈

∡ ∡ ∡ ∡

= =

 
= − + =  − 
 