CE 6315 Geotechnical Construction

JSM Fowze, PhD

Head / Geomechanics and Foundation Engineering Unit
Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau

12th September 2022

CE 6315: Geotechnical Construction
CE 6315: Geotechnical Construction
CE 6315 Geotechnical Construction

Offshore/Maritime Construction
Offshore/Maritime Construction

Construction of Structures and Facilities in the Marine Environ

Common Structures and Facilities

• Harbours
• Reclamation
• Wind Farm
• Oil Farm
Offshore/Maritime Construction
Basic Terminology
Harbour
basically an area filled with water which is sheltered to provide a ship with
safe anchorage and allow the transfer of goods and/or passengers between
the ship and the shore.

Natural harbours

• are usually surrounded by land and this creates a protective bay making
it a good anchorage point for ships

• Bee used to enable trade between countries.

• have been improvised upon, to be able to handle commercial activities.

Offshore/Maritime Construction
Basic Terminology
Harbour
basically an area filled with water which is sheltered to provide a ship with
safe anchorage and allow the transfer of goods and/or passengers between
the ship and the shore.

Natural harbour
Offshore/Maritime Construction
Basic Terminology
Harbour…
basically an area filled with water which is sheltered to provide a ship with
safe anchorage and allow the transfer of goods and/or passengers between
the ship and the shore.

Artificial Harbour
• Created to develop and improve trade.
• Requirements:

 Navigation channel with adequate width and draft

 Artificial barriers such as Breakwater, Sea Walls (Concrete walls)
Offshore/Maritime Construction
Basic Terminology
Artificial harbour
Offshore/Maritime Construction
Basic Terminology
Port
is a place within the harbour where a ship can dock(Stop) for a commercial
purpose of either
• handling cargo or
• passengers or
• taking care of the ship’s requirements generating revenue.

Iron Ore – Port Hedland, Australia

Offshore/Maritime Construction
Basic Terminology
Terminal
ports generally handle multiple cargoes within the same port; terminals are
these demarcated areas handling different types of cargoes

In one port there could be terminals for

• Container Terminal
• Ro-Ro (Roll On-Roll Off) Terminal (popularly known as Car Terminal)
• Oil & Gas Terminal
• Bulk Cargo Terminal
• Multi Purpose Terminal

Ulsan, Ro Ro (Car) Terminal, South Korea – yes those white blocks are cars for loading on ships
Offshore/Maritime Construction
Basic Terminology
Berth/Quay
each terminal will have several berths/quay which usually has shore equipment for
handling cargo, covered sheds, open cargo storage areas etc where the cargo is
discharged, loaded and may be stored.

Berth (parking area): an area where the ship is moored (tying) onto the bollards and
where the cargo is loaded or discharged on and off the ships.

Quay: land area surrounding the berth

Brani Container Terminal, Singapore

Offshore/Maritime Construction
Basic Terminology
Pier/Jetty
• similar in their purpose which is usually to tie up small boats or yachts.
• could also mean a walkway extending into the sea/ocean where people can take a
walk, do some fishing, eat at the restaurants etc.
• usually no heavy commercial activities or cargo loading/unloading

St. Pete Pier, Russia

Offshore/Maritime Construction
Basic Terminology
Some Projects
Water Villas – Maldives

VAADHOO
Some Projects

Amari Havodda – 120 Rooms

HAVODDA
Some Projects

Boat Yard in Dhongiri Island at Kaafu Atol

Some Projects
Champa Bridge
(In Between Champagiri Island and Dhongiri Island at Kaafu Atol)
Some Projects

Augmentation of Existing Jetty Facility at Cod Bay, Trincomalee

Some Projects
East Container Terminal Project Colombo Port
Some Projects
Trinco Naval Dockyard Quay
Offshore Construction
Piling: Shallow Water

Precast Piles: Solid/Tubular are adopted

Bored and Cast In-situ piles will not be considered for any
marine/river structure
unless used in a composite form of construction,
say a means of extending the penetration depth of a tubular pile
driven through water and soft to firm soil.
Offshore Construction

Piling: Shallow Water

Excavator Mounted
Hydraulic
Drop Hammer
Offshore Construction

Piling: Shallow Water

Some Projects
Maldives

VAADHOO

960 Nos of 125mm x 125mm "H" Iron Piles Driven

Some Projects
Maldives
HAVODDA

1900 Nos of 300 mm , 9 m long Spun Piles Driven

Offshore Construction
Piling: Deep Water

Precast Piles: Solid/Tubular are adopted

Bored and Cast In-situ piles will not be considered for any
marine/river structure
unless used in a composite form of construction,
say a means of extending the penetration depth of a tubular pile
driven through water and soft to firm soil.
Offshore Construction
Piling Technique: Deep Water

Piling Platform

Piling Pontoon

Fenders
Offshore Construction
Piling Technique: Deep Water

Spuds
Offshore Construction
Piling Pontoon: Specs
Offshore Construction
Piling Technique: Deep Water
Offshore Construction
Piling Technique: Deep Water
Offshore Construction
Piling Technique: Deep Water
Some Projects
Boat Yard in Dhongiri Island at Kaafu Atol

24 Nos.600 dia. Spun Pile Driven using Junthan Hammer

Some Projects
Champa Bridge
(In Between Champagiri Island and Dhongiri Island at Kaafu Atol)

650 Nos. 300 mm & 400 mm dia. Spun Piles Driven using ABI & IPH
Some Projects

Augmentation of Existing Jetty Facility at Cod Bay, Trincomalee

90 Steel Tubular 864mm dia. (20mm thk.) Driven using BSP Hammer
Some Projects
East Container Terminal Project Colombo Port

110 Nos 914mm dia. Steel Tubular piles Driven BSP Hammer
Some Projects
Trinco Naval Dockyard Quay
Trinco Naval Dockyard Reconstruction
Quay Foundation

800 mm dia Spun Piles to be driven????

Trinco Naval Dockyard Reconstruction
Quay Foundation
Trinco Naval Dockyard Reconstruction
Quay Foundation
Trinco Naval Dockyard Reconstruction
Breasting Dolphin Foundation
Trinco Naval Dockyard Reconstruction
Breasting Dolphin Foundation
Trinco Naval Dockyard Reconstruction
Breasting Dolphin Foundation
Thank you!