Basic Of

BlockChain

Submitted By-Priyanshu Kanyal Submitted To-Sushant Sir

BTech(CSE) CSE Department
 Overview Of
BlockChain
 Blockchain is collection of record are linked
eachother
to through blocks and are
strongly resistant to alteration , protected by using cryptography.

 They are Decentralized based system there is no central organisation which control it.
 Peer 2 Peer Network
 Blockchain Technology is based on P2P Network

 It is created when 2 or more PC are connected and

share resource without any other server computer.

 It can also be permanent infrastructure that

links the half of computer in a office over wire.

 P2P network can be a network on a much

grander scale in which special protocols and
applications set up direct connected among
users over internet.
 Type of P2P Network
In unstructured networks, there is no organization of peers. Anyone can
1. Unstructured Networks communicate with anyone else randomly. The content here is widely
available and so it requires high computing power.

Structured networks are organized. They are more efficient but are more
2. Structured Network centralized.

3. Hybrid Network Hybrid networks combine the peer to peer network with client and server model.
They are both efficient and decentralized.
 Immutable Ledger

Immutable- Distributed ledger uses cryptography to create a secure database in which data once
stored cannot be altered or changed.
 BlockChain Mining
 Blockchain mining is a process to validate every step in the
transactions while operating bitcoins or other cryptocurrencies.

Mining is the process that Bitcoin and several other cryptocurrencies

use to generate new coins and verify new transactions.

 The people involved in mining are known as blockchain miners.

Verified transactions are kept in a memory pool are called MEM POOL
 As miners compete with each other to be first come with new valid block they need to make
transactions in their mem pool have not already been included in previous blocks.
Miner has to solve a puzzle . For
example
-hash had to match in that
way that first 4 digit change into zero.

When problem is solved then other

miners verify the block and add it to
the blockchain.
 Hashing In BlockChain
 A hash is a mathematical function that converts an input
of arbitrary length into an encrypted output of a fixed
length. Thus regardless of the original amount of data or
file size involved, its unique hash will always be the same
size.
 Every block stored hash of previous block and its own and
contain the data of transactions.

 This has 64 Hexadecimal characters. Each character is of

4 bits. So total is 256 bits.

 They are from 0-9 and A to F.

 Document,Audio 2cf24dba5fb0a30e26e83b2ac5b9e29e
1
SHA 256
,Video
, etc. b161e5c1fa7425e73043362938b9824

HASH
They are Alphanumeric means it can be digit or alphabet but mostly they are mixer of
both.

 It is generated by SHA 256 Algorithm.

They are one way it means that you can’t get data from encrypted
data but you can encrypted data from data..

They are Deterministic it means it generated same output for same data every time no
matter how many time you already given that output.
 Type Of BlockChain
1. Public
 As the name is public this blockchain is open to the public, which means it is not owned
by anyone.
 All the computer in the network hold the copy of other nodes or block present in the
network
 In this public blockchain, we can also perform verification of transactions or records

2. Private
 These are not as open as a public blockchain.
 They are open to some authorized users only. These blockchains are operated in
a closed network.
 In this few people are allowed to participate in a network within a
company/organization.
  The rate of the transaction is high, due to its small size. Verification of each node
is less time-consuming.
3. Hybrid
 It is a combination of both public and private blockchain.

 Where some part is controlled by some organization and other makes are made
visible as a public blockchain.

 User access information via smart contracts

 Permission-based and permissionless systems are

4. Consortiumused.

It is a creative approach that solves the needs of the organization. This blockchain
validates the transaction and also initiates or receives transactions.
In this type, more than one organization manages the blockchain.
A limited number of users make verification fast. The high speed makes this more
usable for organizations.
Thank You!