1.

Name the environmental issue based on the image and write what cause it, the
effect, and what may be the solution to the problem. The first one has been
done for you.

a)

Environmental issue: Melting ice caps

Cause: Global warming

Effect: Rise in sea levels

Solution: Reduce the release of carbon

dioxide

b)

Environmental issue:

Cause:

Effect:

Solution:

c)

Environmental issue:

Cause:

Effect:

Solution:
d)

Environmental issue:

Cause:

Effect:

Solution:

2. Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

CLEANER FUEL

Cars and other vehicles need petrol or other kind of fuel for their
engines. Diesel is a common fuel used in cars, lorries, and buses. One advantage
of diesel is that it is usually cheaper than petrol. Diesel engines are also simpler
than petrol engines and use less fuel to go the same distance. However, diesel
engines are dirtier than petrol engines and gases from diesel engines produce a
lot of air pollution.

Keith Johnson, a professor of engine technology at Massachusetts

Institute of Technology has made diesel fuel cleaner – with water! Professor
Johnson’s new fuel contains chemicals which hold the water and oil together.
You can use his fuel just like an ordinary diesel. Since 1988, a bus at Boston
Airport has used Professor Johnson’s fuel. David Wheaton, a transport manager
at the airport said. “Johnson’s fuel is cleaner than ordinary diesel fuel”.

However, there is a problem with the professor’s fuel. If you leave a

mixture of water and oil, it will separate again after time into oil and water. A
French oil company produced a diesel fuel called “aquazole” with water in it but
its fuel separate after three months. Professor Johnson thinks that the
chemicals in his fuel will hold the oil and water together for three years. And
because of that, Professor Johnson’s fuel is more expensive. People won’t want
to buy his fuel if it costs too much.

Of course making cleaner fuels is not the only way to reduce air pollution.
If we all walk or cycle more, we will be fitter and there will be fewer cars and
less air pollution. Or we can use public transportation more often. But if Keith
Johnson can produce his fuel cheaply, it will improve the lives of millions of
people who live in cities with a lot of population. Their cities will become cleaner
and a healthier place to live.

a) Fill in the table with the advantages and disadvantages of diesel and petrol.

Advantages Disadvantages

Petrol

Diesel

b) Suggest three ways how we can reduce air pollution.