Senior High School

Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
The Conceptual Framework

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Practical Research 2
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1- Module 6: The Conceptual Framework
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

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Reviewer: Dr. Clavel D. Salinas
Evaluator: Mr. Henry D. Espina, Jr.
Moderator: Dr. Arlene D.Buot
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 WHAT IS IT?

THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The types of research frameworks are classified as:

1. Theoretical Framework
2. Conceptual Framework

A theoretical framework is commonly used for studies that anchor on time

tested theories that relate the findings of the investigation to the underpinning
relevant theory of knowledge. It also shapes the justification of the research problem
objectives to provide the basis on its parameters. An investigation is required to
formulate existing theories which link the study because theories are useful devices
for interpreting, criticizing, and unifying established scientific laws and facts that
guide in discovering new generalizations.

A conceptual framework refers to the actual ideas, beliefs, and tentative

theories that specifically support the study. It is primarily a conception or model of
what is out there that the researcher plans to study. It presents specific and well-
defined concepts, which are called constructs. Its function is similar with theoretical
framework because the constructs used are derived from abstract, concepts of
theoretical framework.

Similarities of the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The following are the similar characteristics of Theoretical and Conceptual

Framework:

Guide in
Provide Anchor a
develop- Help Aid in Guide in
an theory or Help in
ing justify choosing identifying
overall concept gathering possible
relevant assump- appro-
view of that tions/ and threats
research priate
the supports hypo- interpret- to
question metho-
research the thesis ing data validity
/objec- dology
study study
tives

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Differences between Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The following are the differences of Theoretical and Conceptual Framework:

Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework

• Broader • Narrowed/focused
Scope • Can be used in different • Directly related to a
studies specific study
• The theory used is • Set of related concepts
Focus of Content
already in the field to a specific study
• Presents one theory at a • May synthesize one or
Number of Theories
time more theories
Time of • Already existing before • Develop while planning
Development the conduct of the study or writing a research

Guidelines in Developing a Conceptual Framework

These are the following guidelines and strategies of choosing and developing
a Research Framework according to Barrot (2017, p.73).

Search for existing

Identify the key
theories that Using the existing
concepts in your
incorporate the theories as a guide,
study by referring
same concept and plot your conceptual
to your research
investigate their framework using a
questions or
relationships with concept map.
objectives.
one another.

After completing the initial

In case that there are
Refer once draft of your conceptual
concepts not covered by
again to your framework, write a
the selected theories.
research narrative explanation of
Incorporate them into your
questions. each concept and how
framework. However, make
Check if the each of them relates to
sure that you are
conceptual one another. Again, there
incorporating this concept
framework is should be a basis for the
into your framework
aligned with relationship between the
because it is necessary for
them. concepts being
your paper.
incorporated.

Note that the process of creating a In some cases, the

conceptual framework is developmental. research hypothesis
This means that it may still be refined or is presented at the
changed as you read more literature and end of the conceptual
investigate more theories. framework.

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 Paradigm is a diagrammatic representation of a conceptual framework. It depicts
in a more vivid way what a conceptual framework wants to convey.

Kinds of Conceptual Framework Paradigm

1. Context Input Process Product Model (CIPP). This was developed by Daniel
Stufflebeam and Egon Guba. This approach to evaluation is rooted in its
definition of evaluation as the process of delimiting, obtaining, and providing
useful information for judging decision alternatives.

Example: Quality School Evaluation: A Case Study

Context Input Process Product

Objectives Resources Teaching – Skills
Infrastructures Learning
Mission Values
Process
Curriculum
Goals Attitudes
Co-curricular
Content
Activities Results

Quality Evaluation

2. Input-Process-Output. This paradigm indicates the inputs, required process,

and the output. This approach is seated on the premise of acquiring essential
information by converting inputs into outputs through the required processing
steps in obtaining the result. The IPO Model is also referred to as a functional
model that is usually used in action research where an intervention or solution
is necessary to solve the identified problem.

The Input is usually the independent variable of the study. Meanwhile, the
Process is the intervention or solution consist of the instruments and analyses
used to acquire the result. Lastly, the Output is the findings or outcome of the
interventions being made to solve the identified problem.

Example: Food Safety Practices in Barangay Pag-asa Public Market:

Proposed Intervention Program

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 WHAT’S MORE?

Directions: Identify the following statements, whether it is true to both theoretical and
conceptual framework or not. Write (Y) for “yes” on the space at the left side of the
statement if it is true to both while (T) for “theoretical” and “C” if it is conceptual. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Answer Statement
Directly related to a specific study.
Overall view of the research study.
Considered as the blueprint of the research.
General frame of reference used in conducting the research.
Researcher’s idea of how the study will be explored.
Anchored in a particular theory existing already in the field.
Generalized in scope.
Guide in choosing appropriate methodology.
Can be presented using both visual and narrative form.
Enable the readers to obtain a general understanding of the research
study.
Considers the relevant theory underpinning the knowledge base of
the phenomenon.
It may synthesize one more theory.
Can monitor possible threats to the validity of the study.
It is more focused and narrower in scope.
Develop only during the planning stage of the study.

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 WHAT HAVE I LEARNED?

Directions: Complete the following sentences below. Write your answers on a

separate sheet of paper.

A research study I can create a well- The main difference

should have a
framework so that…
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
constructed between theoretical
framework and conceptual
through… framework is…
________________ _________________
________________ _________________
________________ _________________
________________ _________________
________________ _________________
________________ _________________
______

WHAT CAN I DO?

Test I. Directions: Examine the given title below. Take note of the variables in the title
and complete the framework presented. You may add other variables that you think
are relevant in completing your framework. Copy and accomplish the framework on a
separate sheet of paper.

Title: The Effects of the Social Responsibility of a Corporation to its Organizational

Performance

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Test II. Directions: From the framework presented below, formulate the research title
according to the elements and factors in the variables. Give two (2) possible research
titles that would reflect on the given variables. Write your answers on a separate
answer sheet of paper.

Motivation

Academic
Cognition
Performance

Age

Coping Skills

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 ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

Directions: Using your approved research title in the previous module, construct a
Conceptual Framework of your study. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Research Title: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

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 References

Books

Calmorin, Laurentina Paler and Melchor A. Calmorin. Research Methods and Thesis Writing,
2nd Edition. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc, 2007.

Esther, Baraceros. Practical Research 2. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, Inc, 2016.

Faltado, Ruben E. III, Medardo B. Bombita, Helen B. Boholano, and Angeline M. Pogoy.
Practical Research 2: Quantitative Research. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, 2016.

Ragma, Feljone. Practical Research 2: Quantitative Research. Intramuros Manila:

Mindshapers Co., Inc., 2019.

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