QUARTER 1

IDENTIFYING THE
PROBLEM AND
Asking the Question
 TOPICS
LESSON 1 LESSON 2 LESSON 3

Background of the Problem Conceptual Framework Research Hypothesis

(Quantitative Research)

LESSON 4 LESSON 5 LESSON 6

Statement of the Problem Importance of the Study Scope and Limitations of

the Study

LESSON 7

Definition of Terms
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should achieve the
following objectives:

• Identifying the problem and stating the

problem.
• Compose a clear statement of the research
problem.
 Lesson 1
Background of
the Study
• The first section of the paper and establishes the context underlying
the research.
• It contains the rationale, the key problem statement, and a brief
overview of research questions that are addressed in the rest of the
paper.
• The background information of the study may include both
important and relevant studies.
 3 ELEMENTS OF BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
1 2 3

The problem itself, stated

clearly and with enough
contextual detail to establish
why it is important.
The purpose, statement of
The method of solving the
objectives and scope of
problem, often stated as a
document the writer is
claim or a working thesis.
preparing.

PROBLEM
STATEMENT
RESEARCH PROBLEM
A statement about an area of concern, a condition to be
improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question
that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that
points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate
investigation.

A specific issue or gap in existing knowledge that researchers

aim to address in their research.
 Lesson 2
Conceptual
Framework
 Conceptual Framework
• An analytical tool with several variations and contexts that can be
applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is
needed to come up with the desired goal.
• It includes one or more formal theories as well as other concepts and
empirical findings from the literature.
• The theoretical and conceptual frameworks provide evidence of
academic standardsand procedures that validates the authenticity of
the study.
 CREATING A
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
1 CONDUCT A LITERATURE REVIEW 3 WRITE A NARRATIVE

Conducting a literature review can help you to refine your central Narrative should recap the variables influencing your research and
argument or hypothesis. You must also conduct and gather the explore how they may change the hypothesis. The narrative should
literature review to be able to place and organize your work within the also explain and enlighten the basic methodology for your research.
larger and greater area of study in your conceptual framework.

2 CREATE A FLOW CHART 3 RETURN AND REVISE

Conceptual frameworks are frequently visual and allow those reading You will discover new variables, or you may identify that your
the framework to understand the course of your research hypothesis is incorrect. You may discoveradditional research that
challenges your theory and ideas. You should returnto your framework
and revise it if necessary.
 INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE
DEPENDENT
VARIABLE
Demographic Profile of the
respondents in terms of:
Age:
Academic Achievement of 4P's
Gender: Pupils - Recipients
Grade Level:
Occupation of the parents:
Monthly income of the parents:
Interactive Method:
 LESSON 3
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
(Quantitative Research)
 Research Hypothesis
• It is vital to all research endeavors, whether qualitative or quantitative, exploratory or
explanatory.
• It is a specific, clear, and testable proposition or predictive statement about the possible
outcome of a scientific research study based on a particular property of a population.
• A statement made to reflect the relation between exactly two variables.
Be certain to read on the subject matter to explain
Hypothesis must involve an issue or question that
with it before making a final decision.
cannot be answered exclusively by the discipline of
law.

A research hypothesis is more than just a topic. It has Be certain that each term if your hypothesis is clearly
two elements (variables) that are in relation to each understood and defined, do not deal in generalities or
other. assume that the reader knows the meaning of the
technical term.

Avoid judgmental and critical words in your Specify, if appropriate, whether you will be dealing
hypothesis. with state or federal law or both on a comparative
basis if appropriate.

Know that your hypothesis may change over time as

your research progresses.

DECEMBER 2020

HINTS FOR THE

FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESIS
 As a one-sentence hypothesis.

3 Ways in As a research question.

Expressing
Hypothesis
As a title for your paper.
STATEMENT
OF THE
PROBLEM

LESSON 4
Statement of the
Problem
• It is an explanation in research that describes the issue that is in The aim of this study is to determine…

need of study.
• It should address the relevance of the research why is it
This project aims to explore…
important to resolve the problem.
• The goal should not be to find a conclusive solution, but to
seek out the reasons behind the problem and propose more
effective approaches to understanding it. I aim to investigate…
 Purpose of the Statement of the
Problem:
• To describe the substantive focus of the research study
• To frame it as
• A larger theoretical policy
• A practical problem and thereby, develop its significance
• To pose initial research questions
• To forecast the literature to be discussed in the second section and
• To discuss the limitations of the study.
Narcissism in Teenagers: Root Statement of the Problem
Causes, Manifestations and Major Problem: This study aims to investigate the root causes of narcissism,

Interventions as well as its manifestations and possible forms of intervention.

Specific Problems: Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

The different parts of the problem statement will be written as follows: ➢ What are the underlying causes of narcissism?
➢ How has technology contributed to narcissistic behavior?
Introduction ➢ What are the manifestations of narcissistic behavior in adolescents?
Taking selfies or a video of oneself has become a social phenomenon ➢ What forms of intervention can be done to address this behavior of
that has been brought about by the use of modern gadgets, particularly adolescents?
the mobile phone adolescents take pictures or videos of themselves, ➢ How can the following help in developing healthy self-esteem, positive
their possessions, their latest happenings or gigs, their friends, their outlooks and attitudes in adolescents?
food-anything, anyone they take a fancy on, anywhere, anytime. A good Parents
number of people say that this social phenomenon has evolved into Curriculum Planners
narcissism. There is, to date, a dearth of research on this topic. Administrators
Teachers
Guidance Counsellors
Peers
 LESSON 5

IMPO
RTAN
CE
IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

• A written statement that explains why the research was needed.

• It's a justification of the importance of the study and impact it has on the
research field, it's contribution to new knowledge and how others will
benefit from it.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The researcher believed that the result of this study will help the following assess the
4 P s p r o g r a m a n d i t s e ff e c t t o t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e p u p i l s .

T h e D e p a r t m e n t o f S o c i a l We l f a r e a n d D e v e l o p m e n t . T h e r e s e a r c h e r b e l i e v e s t h a t t h e
result of this study will be of great importance to the department since they are the
ones monitoring the 4Ps program. May this study serve as the basis in the modification
of the conditions in giving cash grants
The Administrators. The result of the study would be the basis of constructing and
implementing new and innovative teaching aids to help teachers fully supervise and
assess the pupils to achieve their full potentials, since children are financially
supported in their studies by the government.
T h e Te a c h e r s . T h e r e s u l t o f t h i s s t u d y m a y h e l p t h e t e a c h e r i n c o n s t r u c t i n g a n d
developing new teaching strategies to help the students in their performance and be
mindful that even if students are provided and supported by the government, they
s t i l l n e e d e q u a l g u i d a n c e t o p e r f o r m w e l l i n s c h o o l . T h e f a c t o r s a ff e c t i n g t h e
performance of the students may also help the teacher as their basis in making daily
lessons.
The Parents. The result of this study will inform the parents that their guidance is a
big impact on the performance of the students in school.
The Students. May the result of this research help the student in understanding that
coming to school daily may be a guarantee that they will also have good academic
performance. And may the result give them the overview of how the government is
supporting their studies and that they must do their part by studying well.
 SCOPE AND
LIMITATIONS
OF
the Study
LESSON 6
 Scope and Limitations of the Study

• Is is the sections where to define the broader parameters and boundaries of your
research.
• The scope details what the study will explore, such as the target population, extent,
or study duration.
• Delimitations are factors and variables not included in the study.

EXAMPLES:
➢ This study covers only those families in Barangay San Jose, Pasig City, benefited by
the government’s Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.
➢ This study includes only those English freshman classes that use both
Blended Learning and standard ways of Language teaching.
 Lesson 7

• The section that gives the readers an understanding of the concepts

or factors that will be discussed throughout your study, as well as

DEFINITION contextual information as to how you will be using those concepts

in your study.

OF TERMS • Glossary of Research Terms intended to assist in understanding

commonly used terms and concepts when reading, interpreting, and
evaluating scholarly research in the social sciences.
 TYPES OF DEFINITION
CONCEPTUAL OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION DEFINITION

• Refers to the dictionary • The meaning of the concept

meaning or terms as used in a
particular study.