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! Osmosis lab report

1. - A F F E C T O F C O N C E N T R A T I O N O N T H E R A T E O F O S M O S I S Prepared for:BIOLOGY Prepared by:ABDULLRHMAN ZAKI Date:1/12/2012 :
2. Osmosis Investigation Aim: The aim of this experiment is to investigate the e!ect of changing the concentration of sucrose on the rate of osmosis in cylinders of potatoes. This would
happen by using similar sizes and lengths of potato cylinders and applying them into di!erent concentrations of sucrose (0,10%, 30%, 50%, 70%) in test tubes then measuring the change in
mass of the potatocylinders a"erwards. Maintaining all variables unchanged such as the pH, same size, and a constant temperature. The time taken for all potato cylinders will be 30
minutes. Hypothesis: I predict that if the potato cylinders where put in a sucrose concentration where the water potential is higher than the water potential that of the potato it self that
would cause the mass of the potato to increase and if they had similar water potential there will be no change in mass. ground:Scientific Back Osmosis is the movement of water particles
(molecules) from a high water potential to a low water potential through a semi permeable membrane. Many factors a!ect the rate of osmosis including size of particle and temperature
however the factor investigated today is concentration of sucrose. As the concentration of sucrose increases the di!erence in mass of potato will increase since sucrose is a hypertonic
solution which means that it has a higher amount of particles dissolved in the solution, while a hypotonic solution such as water where there isfewer particles dissolved.
3. When the potato is put in sucrose concentration where the water potential is greater than that of the potato the particles will move from the potato to the sucrose then a decrease in mass
will happen While if it is put in a concentration where they have the same water Potential this solution is called isotonic Variables: Independent Variable: The Concentration of sucrose
solution in which the potato cylinder is placed in. (0%, 10%, 30%50%, 70%) Dependent Variable: The change in mass (grams) of the potato cylinders before and a"er the experiment
Controlled Variables: SA/V Ratios: To be able to balance di!erent SA/V ratio to limit its e!ect on the rate of osmosis one must first measure the sizes using a ruler (±0.1 cm) as well as using a
cork borer to maintain the same diameter for each cylinder but changing the length of cylinders themselves. Temperature: Temperature is one of the factors that a!ect osmosis, due to the
existence of more kinetic energy as temperature increases meaning more e!ective collisions so we start by Using room temp to maintain Variable Reason? How to control it?
4. the same set temp for each investigation performed by using a thermometer to monitor. Type of tissue: The type of tissue has a certain e!ect on rate of osmosis since the amount of
glucose in each type of tissue di!ers This will be controlled by using only one type of tissue which is the same potato Materials: 2 Large Potato Pieces 1 Cork Borer (0.9 c) 1 Scalpel 1 White
Tile 1 Clear Plastic ruler (±0.1 cm) 25 test tubes (UNCERTAINTY) unknown* 120 ml of distilled water 5 Stopwatches (± 0.1s) Electric balance(± 0.1s) 1 weighing bottle 4 Sucrose solutions (10%,
30%, 50%, 70%) 1 marker Method: Using the cork borer remove twenty five potato cylinders from the potato pieces Place each cylinder on the tile With the use of the ruler as well as scalpel,
cut cylinders into 5.5 cm s each Place each cylinder into a weighing bottle Measure each potato’s initial mass with the use of the electric balance
5. Record results of each di!erent concentration of potato Place the measured potatocylinders into di!erent test tubes Label each test tube with the concentration of sucrose being tested in
it, Apply 10 ml of (0% )sucrose concentration (distilled water) to 5 test tubes that have potato in them and then repeat the same procedure by adding 10 ml of 10% sucrose concentration, 5
di!erentand so on for the rest of the concentrations until 25 test tubes are filled with bead potatoes and di!erent sucrose concentrations (5 of each concentration) Data collection: Table 1:
Shows the results of each Exp (experiment) with each of the concentrationsof sucrose. Sucrose concentrati on % (±0.1mm) Potato (cylinder) mass (±0.01g) Initial Final Exp 1 Exp 2 Exp 3 Exp 4
Exp 5 Exp 1 Exp 2 Exp 3 Exp 4 Exp 5 Distilled water 1.91 1.90 1.75 1.70 1.91 1.92 2.00 1.79 1.76 1.93 10.0(%) 1.69 1.75 1.68 1.65 1.53 1.61 1.55 1.59 1.65 1.46 30.0(%) 1.69 1.79 1.78 0.89 1.48 1.51
1.37 1.47 1.21 1.46 50.0(%) 1.60 1.61 1.33 1.49 0.97 1.23 1.19 1.01 1.12 0.35 70.0(%) 1.44 1.69 1.54 1.77 1.58 1.07 1.24 1.18 1.32 1.16
6. Immediately begin timing the experiment with the stopwatch for 30 minutes When the 30 minutes have finished, take out the cylinders With a paper towel slightly dry the potato cylinder
Once again place each potato cylinder in the beaker seperately and record final mass Construct a table for collection of raw data, and record the initial and final mass of each di!erent size of
tissue *Repeat these steps for each of the concentrationsto record accurate results. Qualitative data: The potato cylinders fizzed small air bubbles in the distilled water cylinder and another
thing that was noticed was that potato became more dull when place is distilled water thusly changing its color and I can briefly tell by pre measuring and estimation before measuring with
a ruler that as concentration of sucrose increased the size of the potato decreased making the size of the potato, which was placed in distilled water the biggest in size. Data Processing: A"er
having collected the data from the experiment the data will be processed. As seen previously for each trial we had a di!erent initial and a final weight the di!erence that was calculated as
seen in graph 1. -The di!erence in mass was calculated by subtracting the final mass from the initial mass.
7. The change in mass must be calculated to be able to find out the percentage change in mass for every potato cylinder for each of the 5 trials Producing the results one must first find the
change in mass for every potato cylinder and that can be done by dividing it by the initial mass and then multiplying it by a 100 this is how it will look like: x 100mass∆= Taking Distilled
waterfor an example of the five trials: Percentage change in mass of the potato cylinder in experiment 1 x 100= ∆mass Initial mass of potato = 0.04x 100/1.75 = 2.29% Percentage change in
mass of the potato cylinder in experiment 2 x 100mass∆= Initial mass of potato x 100/1.91 = 0.52%0.01= Percentage change in mass of the potato cylinder in experiment 2 x 100∆ mass=
Initial mass of potato =0.1×100/1.90=5.23% Percentage change in mass of the potato cylinder in experiment 2 x 100∆mass=
8. Initial mass of potato = 0.06×100/1.70=3.53% Percentage change in mass of the potato cylinder in experiment 2 x 100∆mass= Initial mass of potato = 0.02×100/1.91=1.05% In order to
calculate the change in the mass of each potato cylinder we must calculate the change in percentage of the potato cylinders to find the average change in mass for the potato cylinders in
di!erent sucrose concentrations. To find the average percentage add the % change of the mass in experiment to the % change in mass of the potato cylinder in experiment 2 and 3 and 4
and 5 and then / them all over 5. Taking distilled water as an example for all the experiments: Average percentage change in mass= change in mass in1 + percentagehange in mass in
experimentrcentage cPe 52+3 +4 + = 2.52%.0.52+5.23+2.29+3.53+1.05= Average percentage change in mass for the potato cylinders in the 5 di!erent sucrose concentrations is put in to show
the rate of osmosis in the potato cylinders for the sucrose concentrations.
9. e change in mass in the 5 experiments, the averagepercentagThe:Table 2 percentage changes in mass of the potato cylinders for each of the 5 di!erent sucrose concentrations. The
Standard deviation for the experiments was calculated using Microso" excel: Sucrose sconcentration (%)(±0.1m m) % change and the average change inThe di!erence in mass ass (±0.1g) for
each of the 5 concentrations (%)m Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 ∆ Mass % Change in mass ∆ mass % Change in mass ∆ Mass % Change in mass ∆mass % Change in mass ∆ Mass % Chang
e in mass Average percentage change 0.0 (%) 0.01 0.52 0.1 0 5.23 0.0 4 2.29 0.06 3.53 0.0 2 1.05 2.52 10.0 (%) - 0.08 -4.73 - 0.0 2 - 11.43 - 0.0 9 -5.36 0.07 -4.24 - 0.0 7 - 4.5 8 6.07- 30.0 (%) -0.18 -
10.6 5 - 0.3 4 - 23.4 6 - 0.31 - 17.42 - 0.28 - 24.4 5 - 0.22 - 14.3 5 18.07- 50.0 (%) - 0.37 - 23.14 - 0.4 2 - 26.0 9 - 0.32 - 24.0 6 - 0.37 - 24.8 3 - 0.4 5 - 27.9 0 25.20- 70.0 (%) - 0.37 - 25.6 9 - 0.4 5 - 26.6 3 -
0.36 - 23.2 0 - 0.45 - 25.42 - 0.4 2 - 26.5 8 25.52-
10. The most accurate experiment was for sucrose concentration (70 %) as it 1.353045.standard deviation o"hehad Table3: S.D for each change in % in (grams) Standard deviation in (g) for
each average percentage change in (g). Concentration of sucrose (%) Average percentage change (g)(±0.1) Standard deviation (g) 0.0 2.52 1.91 10.0 -6.07 3.02 30.0 -18.07 5.90 50.0 -25.20 1.86
70.0 -25.52 1.35 Data Presentation:
11. Graph 1:The e!ect of the 5-sucrose concentration on the average percentage change in the mass of the potato cylinders. :Conclusion To wrap this experiment up I can say that the trails
that were done on each of the 5 di!erent concentrations were repeated for each concentration 5 times for higher accuracy. When doing this experiment I was able to see the e!ect of
di!erent concentrations on the rate of osmosis, each trail was done by measuring the initial mass of the potato cylinder and a"er osmosis, the results that were conducted shows that as the
sucrose concentration increases the rate of osmosis also increases thusly making a direct decrease in mass. A good example would be the experiments with the concentrations of 10% and
70% concentration results to show the change.In the 10%concentration I noticed a decrease in the percentage change in mas for experiment 1 the percentage decrease was -4.73 while for
the concentration of sucrose 70% the change was -25.69 we can see that the R² = 0.999 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 averagepercentagechangeinmass sucrose
concentration The e!ect of the 5 sucrose concentrations (%) on the average percentage change in the mass (%)(±0.1g) of the potato cylinders
12. percentage of change in mass is decreasing thusly we can conclude that the di!erence of the initial from the final and as it gets greater that means the mass of the potato changed
massively According to the osmosis theory as the concentration of the sucrose solution increases the particle’s water potential increases and becomes higher than the particles that are inn
the potato. While in the experiment of the distilled water it was a little di!erent since the water potential is higher than those in the potato thusly the mass of the potato cylinders increased.
As seen the in the graph as the curve cuts the x-axis both the concentration and di!erences in mass of the potato cylinders are the same, thusly making the solution an isotonic solution
which means that the water potential of concentration is similar to the water potential concentration of the potato cylinder. So we can see that osmosis cannot take place since it is a
movement from high to low water potential and in this case they are both equal. According to the experiments I have done and the data I was able to extract I can say that my hypothesis
was supported by the collected data, which is as the concentration of sucrose increases the rate of osmosis increases. The Standard deviation was calculated through mac iWork, which was
able to show the reliability of the data that was collected and have the ability to see the range of errors using the error bars. I was able to see that the standard deviation was di!erent from
one concentration to the other as in distilled water; ), while for the concentration of 10 % itg1.91(The standard deviation was ithighest,%, which is thethe concentration of 30and
for)g(3.02swa
13. thethe concentration of 70 % that wasforand finally)g(5.90came about )g(-.351lowest Evaluation: In the investigation I had a wide range of errors that I wasn’t able to control as in the
temperature of the surroundings as the room temperature and that could have manipulated the results in a slight way yet it wont make the a experiment a fair one. Another factor would be
that the sugar around the potato pieces might not have been distributed equally so each potato cylinder my have contained a di!erent amount of sugar thusly a!ecting the rate of osmosis.
Another thing that would have caused some error in the experiment is that the experiment required more than one piece of potato thusly 2 needed to be used and that gives us 2 di!erent
sources of sucrose and each piece of potato might have had a di!erent amount of nutrition thusly a!ecting the amount of sugar in each so that might have a!ected the results of the
experiments that were conducted. :Improvements I suggest that if possible a way to make the experiment better would be by the use of one source of equally distributed sucrose source and
a controlled room temperature to maintain more reliable results. Bibliography "Lab Help for Ex. 6 Green Plant - II." Lab Help for Ex. 6 Green Plant - II. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. (A person
using the cork borer to extract a potato cylinder)

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