READING PASSAGE 2

Questions 14-26

SEED HUNTING

A. With quarter of the world’s plants set to vanish within the next 50 years, Dough Alexander reports on the
scientists working against the clock the preserve the Earth’s botanical heritage. They travel the four comers of the
globe, scouring jungles, forests and savannas. But they’re not looking for ancient artefacts, lost treasure or
undiscovered tombs. Just pods. It may lack the romantic allure of archaeology, or the whiff of danger that
accompanies going after big game, but seed hunting is an increasingly serious business. Some seek seeds for
profit—hunters in the employ of biotechnology firms, pharmaceutical companies and private corporations on the
lookout for species that will yield the drugs or crops of the future. Others collect to conserve, working to halt the
sad slide into extinction facing so many plant species.

B. Among the pioneers of this botanical treasure hunt was John Tradescant, an English royal gardener who
brought back plants and seeds from his journeys abroad in the early 1600s. Later, the English botanist Sir Joseph
Banks-who was the first director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and travelled with Captain James Cook on
his voyages near the end of the 18th century—was so driven to expand his collections that he sent botanists around
the world at his own expense.

C. Those heady days of exploration and discovery may be over, but they have been replaced by a pressing need to
preserve our natural history for the future. This modem mission drives hunters such as Dr Michiel van Slageren, a
good-natured Dutchman who often sports a wide-brimmed hat in the field—he could easily be mistaken for the
cinematic hero Indiana Jones. He and three other seed hunters work at the Millennium Seed Bank, an 80 million
[pounds sterling] international conservation project that aims to protect the world’s most endangered wild plant
species

D. The group’s headquarters are in a modem glass-and-concrete structure on a 200-hectare Estate at Wakehurst
Place in the West Sussex countryside. Within its underground vaults are 260 million dried seeds from 122
countries, all stored at -20 Celsius to survive for centuries. Among the 5,100 species represented are virtually all
of Britain’s 1,400 native seed-bearing plants, the most complete such collection of any country’s flora.
E. Overseen by the Royal botanic gardens, the Millennium Seed Bank is the world’s largest wild-plant depository.
It aims to collect 24,000 species by 2010. The reason is simple: thanks to humanity’s efforts, an estimated 25 per
cent of the world’s plants are on the verge of extinction and may vanish within 50 years. We’re currently
responsible for habitat destruction on an unprecedented scale, and during the past 400 years, plant species
extinction rates have been about 70 times greater than those indicated by the geological record as being ’normal’.
Experts predict that during the next 50 years a further one billion hectares of wilderness will be converted to
farmland in developing countries alone.

F. The implications of this loss are enormous. Besides providing staple food crops, plants are a source of many
machines and the principal supply of fuel and building materials in many parts of the world. They also protect soil
and help regulate the climate. Yet, across the globe, plant species are being driven to extinction before their
potential benefits are discovered.

G. The world Conservation Union has listed 5,714 threatened species is sure to be much higher. In the UK alone,
300 wild plant species are classified as endangered. The Millennium Seed Bank aims to ensure that even if a plant
becomes extinct in the wild, it won’t be lost forever. Stored seeds can be used the help restore damaged or
destroyed environment or in scientific research to find new benefits for society- in medicine, agriculture or local
industry- that would otherwise be lost.

H. Seed banks are an insurance policy to protect the world’s plant heritage for the future, explains Dr Paul Smith,
another Kew seed hunter. “Seed conservation techniques were originally developed by farmers/’ he says. “Storage
is the basis what we do, conserving seeds until you can use them-just as in farming.” Smith says there’s no reason
why any plant species should become extinct, given today’s technology. But he admits that the biggest challenge
is finding, naming and categorizing all the world’s plants. And someone has to gather these seeds before it’s too
late. “There aren’t a lot of people out there doing this,” he says” The key is to know the flora from a particular
area, and that knowledge takes years to acquire.”

I. There are about 1,470 seed banks scattered around the globe, with a combined total of 5.4 million samples, of
which perhaps two million are distinct non-duplicates. Most preserve genetic material for agriculture use in order
to ensure crop diversity; others aim to conserve wild species, although only 15 per cent of all banked plants are
wild.

J. Imperial College, London, examined crop collections from 151 countries and found that while the number of
plant samples had increased in two thirds of the countries, budget had been cut in a quarter and remained static in
another 35 per cent. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization and the Consultative Group on International
Agricultural Research has since set up the Global Conservation Trust, which aims to raise US $260 million to
protect seed banks in perpetuity.

Questions 14-19

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 14-19 on your
answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

14. The purpose of collecting seeds now is different from the past

15. The millennium seed bank is the earliest seed bank.

16. One of major threats for plant species extinction is farmland expansion into wildness.

17. The approach that scientists apply to store seeds is similar to that used by farmers.

18. Technological development is the only hope to save plant species.

19. The works of seed conservation are often limited by financial problems.

Questions 20-24

Summary

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 2, using NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 20-24 on your answer sheet.

Some people collect seeds for the purpose of protecting certain species from _______ 20________; others collect
seeds for their ability to produce _______21_______. They are called seed hunters. The ______ 22_______of
them included both gardeners and botanists, such as_______23_______ ，who financially supported collectors
out of his own pocket. The seeds collected are usually stored in seed banks, one of which is the famous
millennium seed bank, where seeds are all stored in the _______ 24_______ at a low temperature.
Questions 25-26

Choose the correct letter, A-E.

Write your answers in boxes 25, 26 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO of the followings are provided by plants to the human?

A. food

B. fuels

C. clothes

D. energy

E. commercial products