2011 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Systems
Minimization of Energy Consumption of Wireless Sensor Networks using Fuzzy
Logic
Ashutosh Kumar Singh , Abhijeet Alkesh , N.Purohit
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India
ashutosh_singh@iiita.ac.in , abhijeet.alkesh@gmail.com, np@iiita.ac.in
Abstract—Extending the lifetime of the wireless sensor
networks has always been a crucial challenge for the
researchers. Most of the energy is consumed in data
transmission to the sink. In the recent past some researchers
have suggested mobile sink method to minimize energy
consumption in wireless sensor networks. The movement of
sink is governed by fuzzy logic based mechanism. In this work
base station is allowed to move only on a predefined circular
path making it practically more feasible. Simulation results are
compared with the method having stationary base station.
Simulation results show that our scheme reduces energy
consumption and thereby enhances lifetime of wireless sensor
network by a significant amount as compared to stationary
base station case.
Keywords- wireless sensor network; mobile sink; fuzzy
logic
I. INTRODUCTION
A wireless sensor network consists of a number of
small sensing devices that have certain limits, such as low
power, limited computational capability and limited
memory. The role of wireless sensor network in today's
world is becoming increasingly important. This has been
made possible due to technical developments in last few
decades which have resulted in the production of cheaper,
smaller, and computationally more efficient sensor nodes.
Smaller size of nodes has made possible highly dense
deployment of nodes resulting in relatively more accurate
and precise data. Wireless Sensor Networks have a wide
range of applications such as environment monitoring,
agricultural monitoring, habitat monitoring, fire detection,
wildlife protection, military applications etc. Wireless
sensor networks are categorized according to their
application and can be divided into following types- i) event
driven WSN ii) time driven WSN iii) a combination of the
above two types. Different wireless sensor network
applications have different needs however the moving base
station strategy applies to all of them. In this work, we
propose a strategy for the movement of base station based
on fuzzy logic. The base station is made to move on a
predefined circular path and its effect on network lifetime is
analyzed. Fuzzy logic based inference mechanism controls
the direction in which base station moves. Fuzzy logic based
978-0-7695-4587-5/11 $26.00 © 2011 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/CICN.2011.111
control system is used when we do not have exact
mathematical model of the system and it takes
computationally less memory and less computational power.
For complex systems it is very difficult to derive exact
mathematical model of the system. Fuzzy Logic based
mechanism is suitable for these complex systems because
fuzzy based mechanism does not need exact mathematical
model of the system. In fuzzy based control system
controllers are usually designed based on heuristic
information that mainly comes from expert knowledge of
the system. In many cases fuzzy logic controller gives better
performance as compare to conventional controllers. In a
number of applications fuzzy logic controllers reduces
overshoot as well as steady state error.
In fuzzy logic based systems, linguistic variables are
used. In this paper, we select a node with highest degree of
priority using fuzzy based inference mechanism and then
base station moves towards node with highest degree of
priority. The result has been compared with the method
having stationary base station.
This paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we
discuss about related works. In section 3, we present fuzzy
logic based approach for selection of node with highest
degree of priority. In section 4, results of simulation have
been discussed. Section 5 gives conclusion of this work.
II. RELATED WORKS
Extending the lifetime is as old topic of research as
the wireless sensor network itself, nonetheless a number of
researches are going on currently for prolonging the lifetime
of wireless sensor network. Many algorithms and strategies
have also been proposed in the past and are mostly based on
routing algorithms to optimize the energy consumption. In
[1], authors have given a new scheme for clustering based
on fuzzy logic which aims to solve the problem of hot spots
in multi-hop wireless sensor networks when clustering is
used. In [2] authors suggest a two level (on local level and
on global level) fuzzy logic approach to select the cluster
heads for prolonging the lifetime. In this paper, a two-level
fuzzy logic is utilized to evaluate the qualification of sensors to
become a cluster head. In the first level (Local Level), the qualified
nodes are selected based on their energy and number of neighbors
of them. Then, in the second level (Global Level), nodes’ overall
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cooperation is considered in the whole network with three fuzzy
parameters. These parameters are centrality, proximity to base
station and distance between cluster heads. In [3] authors have
suggested a fuzzy based movement scheme of base station.
In this scheme base station moves on a cross path.
Simulation results of this work show that this scheme has
more lifetime as compare to wireless sensor networks with
stationary base station. In [4],[5],[6],[7],[8] Fuzzy logic has
been used for extending the lifetime. In FCM approach there
is better formation of clusters as compare to other
approaches because mean distance of each node to cluster
head is minimized Some of the schemes proposed earlier are
SAR [9]( sequential assignment routing) which facilitates
multihop routing. LEACH [10] is a hierarchical network Fig. 2 Fuzzy membership function for “Distance”
routing protocol which forms clusters in a sensor field and
elect a cluster head for each clusters and these cluster are In this scheme base station moves towards that
responsible for transmitting the data to the sink. PEGASIS cluster head which have highest priority. During the
[11] also falls under hierarchical routing protocols. TEEN movement towards cluster head of highest priority base
[12] and APTEEN [13] are other two protocols proposed for station follows only predefined circular path. In this scheme
lifetime enhancement in wireless sensor networks. In[14] triangular shaped membership function has been used.
author has proposed moving base station method based on Therefore fuzzy logic is an important tool for decision
fuzzy logic for lifetime enhancement in wireless sensor making in this case.
networks.

III – FUZZY LOGIC SCHEME

There are two inputs for the proposed fuzzy logic
inference mechanism. These are (i) residual energy of node
(ii) Distance from the base station. First of all input data is
fuzzified in to a number of fuzzy sets. A node with lesser
energy is given high priority. Also nodes far from the base
station are given high priority. Table 1 is rule base for this
inference mechanism. Fig. 1 shows fuzzy membership
function for input variable residual energy. Fig. 2 shows
fuzzy membership function for input variable distance from
the base station. Three subsets have been chosen for these
two input variables .These are (i) Low (ii) Medium (iii)
High. Fig.3 shows fuzzy membership function for output
variable “Priority”. Five subsets have been chosen for
Fig. 3 Fuzzy membership function for output
output variable. These are (i) Very Low (ii) Low (iii)
Medium (iv) High (v) Very High
Table1. Fuzzy Rule Base Table
Energy Distance Priority
Low Near Medium
Low Medium High
Low Far v-high
Med Near Low
Med Medium Medium
Med Far Low
High Near v-low
High Medium Low
High Far Medium
Fig. 1 Fuzzy membership function for “Energy”

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 IV : SIMULATION RESULT
Fig. 4 shows proposed circular path on which base station is
allowed to move.
Fig. 4: Base Station Moving on Circular Path
MATLAB software has been used for the simulation work.
In this work initial energy of the nodes is taken as 1 J, length
of the data packet has been taken as 4000 bits, Eelect =
50nJ/bit, εfs = 10 pJ/bit/m2 and εmp = 1.3 x 10-3 pJ/bit/m2.
Fig. 5 gives a comparison of the lifetime of stationary
base station case (in blue line), base station moving on
circular path (in green line) and base station moving on cross
shaped path (shown by red line in the figure).From the
simulation results wireless sensor network life time is
measured about 1630 rounds when base station is moving on
circular path and 1758 rounds when base station is moving
on cross path. In case of stationary base station network
lifetime is measured about 1514 rounds.
Fig. 5 Lifetimes of wsn with Stationary base station and
base station moving on circular shaped path.
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V - CONCLUSION
We have proposed a unique strategy for the motion of
base station using fuzzy logic and this approach has been
successful in prolonging the lifetime by a significant amount
as compare to stationary base station case.Simulation results
shows that wireless sensor network having base station
moving on circular path gives more lifetime than that of
stationary base station case.
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