New Proficiency PASSKEY NICK KENNYNew Proficiency PASSKEY Workbook NICK KENNY ICC Plus AsbiKo wKe, | O6pasog py6exom 47777 21112 23 [Link] MACMILLAN Kazakhstan TOO «TRC» FA MACMILLANMacalan doco Herween Towns Road. Oxford OX SPP ‘divs of Macmillan Publishers Lined Companies and epresentatives throne the world SAN 0933 97432 8 (with hey) (033397433 6 (without hey) ISbN 0 453.97438 7 (Greck edition with key) 10333 97437 9 (Grech edition without key) “Text © Nick Kenny 2002 ‘eign and stration © Biacnlln Publishers Fra pushed 2002 Al hs reserved par of this publication may be ferns stored ia retrieval syste, transnited i Toto by any means. electronic: mechanical, phowweopyng recording or eter, witht the prtor writen permieon ofthe publishers, ese by The Desgners Collective Iystrate by Kinsey Wigan ‘Cover design hy New Meda Lad Acknowledgements ‘The amhor and publishers would bike thank Sarah Ashion. Eh Hore Barbara Lewis and Peter Sunderland lor their help and suo ‘The author and publishers would like 1 thank reproduce ther mateniak The deport tra exiras lor “The world just agen ig vorcellne’ by Keath Botsford, The independent Section 2,5 Seprembce 19%; Octopus Publishing {Group foram exact from Haan Cooking by Anne Ager, Horny (1989): Tela {Ghoup Lad foe an extra ro “The gel tings that nd om your pate’ by Jenny McCarey in The Sunda Tehri? July 1996 © Telegraph Group Lint (1996): The nde ora extrac from ‘One ot my Pet hates By Dav [Raroninch, The aepnon, 24 August 1996: Pip Clark for at extract foe ease Zon: Rot Zikha’ Paani Tones Wiebe Hit Sn Magasin 10701: Pengum Books (UK) for an extract from ‘True Aventis ol the Boy Reader Py Laure Lee in 1 Gat Sy Lang. Penguin Books 1977. © Laure Le, 1975; Douglas Felt for an extrac ron Gadget guide: Don hin your okt Remington just yet Te Fins Wieland Mwy, 24 tune 2000, Telegraph Group Ld for estat ror How she ls of ai ells ean be Hert? Dr fest Fanu i Te Sinay Teljraph, 28 May 2000 © Teleyaph Group Linked (2000) and “The deappeated: Pobby and Diya by Bets Rice’ hy Edward Stith, Te Sunday Telegraph. 10 December 2000 © Telegraph Group Late (2000): The Natal Magazine Co. Lid for an extrac from The agony and the esas by Ane ors in Goud Huselspoy, Jape 1995. Couresy of Good HousckecTing Moasne © The National Majarine Conpany: The Conde Nos Puan 1a fram extrac frornCantel cause by ta Salt Tater ly 1998 3 ‘Samuel © Tatler The Cone Nact Publis Linvted Cans row ana Company foram extot fen The Quitery Tie by Sylva Haymon. Sphere Books 1991) Repradiced with permission of Curis Brot Group Ld, Landen on behalf the Estate of yu Hammon Copyright © Sylva Hayman 1990: Nitros fora exact {nom Mash isnot sah a sash an The A Lt Review Lond fee 5 the A Ls. Te ivr. 22-28 May, 1998; Guardon Newspapers Linsted fo an extract fray “land aman CD ofthe Week. avis by Maddy Costs hv The ard Fray Revi Ine 2001, © Guardian Newspapers Lite at Synge foram ‘extract fom Past Masters Seca but now Second Best heya Final Tims Weokend How Spend Ie Maga. 1OIOL Reproduced By ind pet ‘nissan of Dan Sytige: Richard Faia or an extrac fram “Compact Chek Verdi Fab Financial Times Weekend, 2 September 2001: Shiel Land Associates {id for an esata fo The aking of emery from Moles to Min by Steven Re. Bantam Press (1992) © Steven Rene 1992; Cambridge University Prss for an extrac rom Working oth Wewds A Gunde w Teaching and Learting Vicar by uth Gairs and Stage Redman, Carbide Univesity Pres (1986) News Toverhatonal Newspapers Ld ora extrac fr Hw prey tater cat be el bot boy Anjana Alu The Toms Tnerfac’. 16 October 1956 © Tinks Newsppers| Lined, 16 Occober 1996; exh Sims fo an extract um ‘Paw Masters Seeothund Fu tot Secu Best: inte deri it Final Times Weekend Hawt Spend Magecine. 23 Seprember 2000; The Independent for extract Irom Shagey de story boy Lucinda fred, The udendon Wend. 24 August 1996, Penguin Books (UK) Frat extract rot Lifes Orr Ser: The New Malema of the Laing World by ta ‘tewar le Lane The Ferns Press. 1998) Copyright © fon Stewart. 199; David Higham Astoiates behalf of te author foray ent fet ind Nigh ly Dowty L Sayers, HarperCollins: The Eno for a extrat fom ‘Monunwettal in Te Enns. 1 Septenser 2001, © The Exonomist Newspaper Lnnted. Landon, 1 September 2001, Origin Pubs Lid lor a extract frm ‘Morspoly ad the mathemati of moves i Fs Magi Jomuary 2001: The Tetley Group Lid for an exact from "Thisy werk: Graduate Trainee Tea Taster in ‘The Guar, 28 june 2001: The National Nagarine Co Lid or an esto from ‘Desk pulsing: by Hilary Rebinwon in Good Howsekepiy, June 1995. Courtesy ‘1 Goud Housekeeping. Maparine © The National Maparine Company: Annable “Thorpe for an extrac front How to... avoid working weekend In The Giardia, 2 September 2000; Fase Day Pes or an extrac roms limb out oa business si by Tarn Pari in The EDP stage, 29 July 2000, Bob Caner We a0 extract fron 0 four ks yeu can take for even The Indgpendent ike. 9 Mar 1996: Simon de Burton. journalist, for an extract frm ‘Dark Star edited by Paul Mungo, Finan! Times Weelend The Busnes Magne 16 June 2001, Ariss irae, magarine fran extra rom “Olea. The Ingenions Genius by Laura Gosenigre in Aris ad iusnats, Oceber 2000. Repreduced by person of ‘Ariss © hatratrs Magazine © Oceber 2000, he flowing for person 10 Wits every ellort has been made wo race owners of copyright materia in this hook, there may have heen some cases when the publishes have ben unable Oconlact the owners. We should be grateful 10 heat frm anyone he recughizes copynght material and wh fs unacknowledged. We shall be pleased two make the necessary amendments in Turure editions of the book, Printed and bound in Great Britain by Martins she Printers, Rerwick-upon Tweed 2006 2005 2008 2003 lova76s44Contents Introduction unit unit unit unit Unit Unit Unit unit Unit 1 CeO Se cio) unit 10 Sign of the Times Call of the Wild AWord in your Ear AFine Romance All Right on the Night Tip of my Tongue A Matter of Taste Go your own Way Nose to the Grindstone The Road Ahead Answer Key 24 33 43 62 n 89 97Introduction ‘This Workbook is designed to be used alongside the Student’s Book and the exercises in each unit are generally based on the themes and topics found in the Student’s Book. Each unit in the Workbook includes a wide variety of tasks and exercises, all designed to help you develop your vocabulary and practise the reading, writing and Use of English skills you need to pass the revised Cambridge Centficate of Proficiency in English examination (CPE). Even if you are not following a course based on the Student's Book, you will find the exercises useful ‘As well as giving you practice in the exam-style tasks and exercises, this Workbook also has a number of other important features: + explanations of the main grammatical points with practice exercises, + interesting texts with either multiple-choice or comprehension questions + practice of both composition and summary writing + help with the correct use of punctuation in English + help with pronunciation + help with spelling + vocabulary development ‘+ practice in the use of idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbsUNIT Sign of the Times VOCABULARY: Wordsearch 1. Find as many words as possible connected with the topic of hamburgers inthe grid. Words may run horizontally or vertically. One has been done for you as an example. TA KEAWAYLABCOW V0, Mi) Net §R RES Jee Tak 1 HB@AM BUR GERWHM AJ CUPRHVRXEMAE eRe Oem2 ENR ee Greve DASTRAWPLUILBT Rese A EQ) Gaon Cis Oo U I oT HOLWILILBHBRS CF GROUNDJURAGE KEOl A AgK MC DO NW A li Ds cOHELENBEEFILA ADS EAS ONINGZNM FR tes CCHAITNERE EH COKEAMBLANDE 2. ivide the words you have found into groups under these five headings Ingredients Accessories Opinions/ideas _Places/Companies _ Methods/Processes READING: Comprehension Now think about another type of food ~ pasta. Think of as many words as you can which you associate with 1 YP pa y y. ¥ pasta and put them under the five headings. Do you need any other headings? Ingredients Accessories Opinions/ideas _Places/Companies_Processes/Methods —mm UNIT 1 2 Read the first part of this article about pasta quickly. How many of the words on your lists can you find in the article? 3 Read the text more carefully and answer the questions which follow. Planet Pasta Pasta, in one form or another, is a component of many cuisines around the world. Even where it is not part of the local cooking tradi- tion, it is still generally available. All the more extraordinary, therefore, that sales of pasta in Britain should have increased 48% between 1991 and 1995, and continue to do so. A sim- trend has been registered in France and the USA. Only the lalians, it seems, are con- suming less of the stuff. So, what lies behind this trend? First, let us consider pasta itself. Apart from putting a slab of meat on a fire, boiling an egg oor cating vegetables raw, no dish in the world is much simpler than pasta. It consists of flour, egg and water. It is dropped into boiling water and requires no more skill in cooking than boiling an egg. Like an egg, itis appetizing or ‘unappetizing according to the amount of time itis cooked, and like an egg there is some vari- ation in the cooking tme, depending on whether you like it soft or prefer it to retain its resilience, However, where other staples like rice or bread, have survived and are eaten more or less as is, the almost unique characteristic of pat it is no more than a savoury depository for other flavours: those of its innumerable sauces. No one you or I know eats pasta plain At the very least, we add butter and the Chinese cook it in stock or add pungent spices. ‘This combinatory capacity, of course, is one of the reasons for the ubiquity of pasta Whatever your most prized and available flavours (fish, meat, fungi or vegetables), they can be combined with pasta, and this factor allowed it to migrate from its original Asian home to Italy, whose main foodstuff it has long been. It also permitted chefs around the world to experiment and invent means by which its flavour could be enhanced. Pasta is also cheap, democratic, filling and nutritious. Its carbohydrates provide quickly convertible energy and whatever you add to it simply adds to its nutritional value. Finally, though there are some people who don’t eat some of those additional ingredients, you would be hard put to find anyone who doesn’t like it 2» 6 6 1 What is it about pasta that the writer finds so surprising in paragraph one? 2 What essem I quality of pasta is the focus of paragraph two? Which word in paragraph three describes the group of foods to which pasta belongs? In your own words, explain what the writer means by ‘this combinatory capacity’. (line 32) (lines 47-48) In your own words, explain what the writer means by the phrase ‘you would be hard put to find.Now read a continuation of the article and answer the questions which follow. 50 Pasta has become one of the most ubiquitous ood items in Western culture in recent years, he food's obvious qualities of taste and tex- ture don’t fully explain this, however, and 1 would like to suggest that a number of eco- 55 nomic and social factors have played a part The first and most important of these is the new democracy of the kitchen; the fact that neither meal-times nor the symbolic impor- tance of the dinner table retain their former © formality. Pasta is a rough-and-ready, quickly- prepared food fix. As it meets with universal favour and takes no great effort is available mate what this new ease of eating, at any time, 65 under any circumstances means. It means frecdom from planning because the ingredi- cents are always available; it means quick and Pungent satisfaction of appetite allied with facility; it is uncomplicated 20 As the old habits of eating ~ as a family, with the usual cast of characters, with manners, table settings, ete. have died out under the exi- gencies of moder working hours and the absence of a woman stuck at home preparing 75 food for husband and children, so pasta advanced alongside, T might add, other quick fixes from the take-away to the stir fry, the pizza to the pre-washed salad. ‘The influence here is American. It is Americans who invent- © ed the whole idea of the meal-on-the-move, the drive-in, the fast-food outlet, the fran- chised, standardized meal. ‘The next major influence is economic. When Twas much younger, pasta was what one ate in 85 restaurants: it was what one could afford, it was a known quantity, it seldom went wrong and wasn’t pretentious, not requiring manners, or formality of any kind, Pasta is user-friendly in much the same way as it is cook-friendly. Bur if pasta has made great strides in the past 90 few years, it has to be due tw the emphasis placed on the ‘healthy’ Mediterranean diet. 1 can remember, many years ago, that when I reported in the British press that the Italian football team trained on pasta before a big 95 march, I was thought scarcely believable. Pasta was considered a ‘heavy’ indigestible dish in Britain at that time, ft was not long, however. before the sceptics realized that, in fact, we hhave few such excellent, short-term energy- 100 providers as pasta. It is quickly absorbed, ea ily digested and gives instant results. In a ‘world increasingly devoted to health and exer- cise, pasta was a natural I like to think, however, that the clinching 105 argument in favour of pasta, and the reason. why it is the fastest expanding food area in food marketing, is its accessibility. Pasta breaks down the distinction between cooking and cating: it brings out the inventive in even 10 the rankest amateur, since almost anything can he thrown into a pasta sauce; it makes no demands on anyone. Even the most modest cook can produce miraculously good pasta ~ as it were, by accident. The democracy of 115 ‘pasta is based on the enjoyment factor. Itis in fact a convivial dish, an always welcome dish, a leveller. If you combine that with the health factor, its accessibility to vegetarians and its Iw cost, the phenomenon becomes perfectly 120 understandable. 1 Which word in the first paragraph is used to describe the fact that pasta is found everywhere? 2. In your own words, explain what the writer means by the phrase (lines 56-57) 3° What two social changes are described as contributing to changes in eating habits in Western culture in recent years? “the new democracy of the kitchen’.mee unt 4. In your own words, explain why the writer chose to cat pasta in restaurants when he was younger. 5 Why were British people initially surprised that Italian football players ‘trained on pasta’? (line 95) 6 What does the writer mean by the phrase ‘the clinching argument’? (lines 105-106) Vocabulary Can you add any more words from the second part of the article to the lists you wrote before reading the text? Summary Use information from both parts of the article to list the main reasons why pasta has become so popular. 2 Put the list of points in order, from the least to the most important, according to what the writer has told ws. 3. Inaparagraph of between 50 and 70 words, explain these reasons in your own words as far as possible, Begin with the sentence below and use some of the words and phrases in the box to help you. firstly secondly thirdly finally furthermore therefore lastly what’smore moreover in addition likewise There are a number of reasons why pasta has become such a popular food in Western countries like Britain in recent years. Reference skills Look back at these words which are in bold in the texts. In each case say what the word is referring to. One has been done for you as an example 0 it(lineay) = pasta 5 their (line 59) = 1 it (line 16) 6 It (line 65) a 2 those (line 28) 7 here (line 79) 3 whose (line 38) 8 it (line 91) 4 these (line 56) = Dependent prepositions Put one of the prepositions from the box into each of these phrases from the article without looking at the text. When you have finished the exercise, look back to check your answers. from of with! 1 Apart putting a slab of meat on a fire... (lines 12-13) 2 Itconsists flour, eggs and water. (lines!5-16) 3. Whatever your most prized and available flavours... can be combined pasta... (lines 34-36) 4 Asitmeets___universal favour... (lines 61-62) 5 Itmeans freedom planning... (lines 65-66) 6 Ina world increasingly devoted health and exercise... (lines 102-104) 7 Almost anything can be thrown a pasta sauce... (lines 111-112) 8 Itsaccessibility, _ vegetarians... (line 119)UNIT GRAMMAR: Causatives Remember the use and form of the causative have/get: Form: | subject + to have/to get + object of the verb + past participle of main verb A am having my car serviced. 'N.B. This form exists in a variety of tenses and in each case itis the verb fo have or foget which indicates the tense ‘Use: mainly to talk about professional services to a customer: ‘I’m having my car repaired. (This means that someone is repairing my car for me.) compare with: 1'm repairing my car. (This means that I'm doing it myself.) For questions 1-7, complete the second sentence so that it has a simnilar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words. including the word given. Each of the new sentences uses a causative form. Here is an example (0). Example: My car needs servicing badly. got Answer: W's high time I got my car serviced. 1 They will shorten trousers for you at the cleaners. have You can at the cleaners. 2 Your central heating boiler should have an annual service. get You annually. 3. I shall ask a professional photographer to take my passport photo. get Vshall a professional photographer. 4 We will be employing a catering company to prepare the food for the party. having Wel ya catering company. 5 It's not necessary to find an engineer; you can repair the fault yourself have You don’t have _, you can do it yourself 6 Someone is making a new pair of dining room curtains for us. made we for the dining room. 7 Itwasa mistake to let a gardener paint the outside of our house. have ‘We shouldn’t _ by a gardener.mam UNIT? HELP WITH PUNCTUATION 1: Full stops and capital letters ‘There isa tendency in English to use a large number of short sentences. In contrast to some other languages, simplicity in sentence structure is regarded as good style in English writing. ‘The full stop (.) is, therefore, a very common punctuation mark. Whereas commas (,) are used to show the parts, ‘ofa sentence, and to clarity meaning, the tull stop is used to indicate that a sentence has come to an end. It is followed by a capital letter. Capital letters are also used for: * proper names and their adjectives: England, English, John, Londoner © days and months; Monday, January © companies, organizations, clubs, etc.: Manchester United, British Airways * geographical names: the North Pole, the West End of London * lorthe pronoun 1 In this passage there are no full stops, commas or capital letters. First read the text to get an idea of its content, then decide where the sentences should begin and end, and add the required punctuation. as any Italian housewife will ell you homemade pasta Is not difficult to make it does however require Patience and time which is why i tend to make it on sunday mornings people who have a gift for making pastry or bread will have very little problem in making pasta as many of the skills applied to all three are the same the most important thing to remember Is that you need plenty of uncluttered work surface a very large chopping board or marble slab is ideal but modern laminate worktops are quite adequate an extra large rolling pin will make the rolling of the pasta dough much easier if you plan co go into pasta making in a big way then it may be worth your while to buy a pasta machine at the turn of a handle this, will give you many different shapes and thicknesses of pasta these machines manufactured in northern Italy are now widely available in spectalist kitchenware shops all over the world PHRASAL VERBS: With out Choose one verb from the box to complete the phrasal verb in each of the sentences form of the verb in the space provided. One has been done for you as an example. | and write the correct bring call come draw get ge hold fall pull sell watch © Darren said that certain types of trainer had _ gone completely out of fashion. ‘One supermarket has out in favour of banning cigarette sales Another supermarket is ow book on healthy eating in December. Tony's very shy. Get chatting to him and see if you can him out abit Justin and Rachel are not talking: they have out with each other. Tracy said she'd a lot out of that course in media studies. No agreement was reached. The strikers decided to, _ out fora better deal ‘The supermarket has completely ‘out of cheap washing powder, As you go round the flea market ‘out for pickpockets as well as bargains. eer aweune ‘The doctor can’t see you at the moment: he’s been ‘out on an emergency. 10 Tim was ‘out of a parking place when the accident happened. — 10UNT 1 READING: Lexical cloze Read this article written by an anti-smoking campaigner. The linking words and phrases have been taken out For questions 1-12, decide which answer (A, B, € or D) best fits each gap. One has been done for you as an example (0) ‘Smoking is known to be one of the greatest single causes of death in our society. Too little seems to be done, (0) __C_, wo stop young peopl aking up the habit in the first place (1) ___. Ggarettes are openly on sale in many public places and laws governing the minimum age at which gnored. (2) advertising continues to figure largely in some recent moves to outlaw this, and is, (4) they can be bought often seem to be - Ggaret parts of the media, (3) often targeted at young people. 6) ani n particularly effective. (6). each year. (7) supporting such campaigns in principle, 1 would like to propose an alternative approach, smoking campaigns have been organized in recent years, these seem not to have be especially girls, wha take up smoking, the rise in the numbers of young peopl e media, 8) Lthink that the advertising of cigarettes should be completely banned from all aspeets of (9), the sale of cigarettes should be more tightly controlled to ensure that the law regarding underage smokers is respected. And, (10) ___, cigarettes should not be sold in places such as cafés and supermarkets g people and families. Their sale should (11) _be restricted to licensed tobacconists Irequented by your and sharp penalties should be imposed on those breaking the law, particularly those selling cigarettes on the black market (2) I would like to add that, of course, itis the duty of parents, teachers and other responsible adults, 10 set a good example; by not smoking! A what's more A Despite A resulting A However A Although A Furthermore eerauaunno 10 Atwsum up 11 A however 12. A inaddition B likewise B However Bespecially B Whilst B Whilst B Therefore B secondly B nonetheless B Consequently C therefore C Furthermore Cinstead C Finally C Firstly CC instead Cin addi Cinstead C Therefore Aalthough B despite Chowever D moreover A Likewise BTobegin with Whilst D Therefore Alowever B Moreover CNonetheless. Though otherwise B thanks to C despite D however Deven though D Although Dgiven D Theretore D Especially D Otherwise D in spite of this D likewise D Finally HELP WITH SPELLING 1 Spelling in English is sometimes difficult as there is no direct relationship between the sounds and the letters used to represent them, Also, the ‘rules’ of spelling are complicated and it is not useful to try and learn them. You have to do what English speakers learn to do ~ remember the spelling of each new word as you come across it. ‘There are, however, some tips which might help you to improve your spelling in English and these can be useful toremember. But don’t forget, there will always be some exceptions to even the simplest general rules. —mame UNIT The silent e ‘Many words end in the letter ¢, but in a number of words this ¢ is silent, or unpronounced: care skea/ believe /bili:v/ achieve /otfi:v/ definite /definit/ nice nats! Compare these words which end with a sounded letter e: see /si/ agree /agri:! When adding a suffix beginning with a vowel ( -ing, - able, -est) to a word ending in a silent ¢, then the letter eis usually dropped: ‘care + caring> believe + believable nice —> nicest When adding a suffix beginning with a consonant (e.g. the letter eis usually retained: achieve -+ achievement definite -> definitely care -» careful ment, -ful) to a word ending in a silent e, then The main exceptions are words ending in cand g sounds. So, try to remember: notice > noticing = > noticeable change + changing > —_changeable manage ->+ © managing -> manageable For questions 1-11, add a suffix to the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. The word you write should make sense in the context of the passage. John got up, looked out of the window and (1) started IMMEDIATE 2 ‘After five days of pouring rain and wet clothes, he SMILE saw to his (3) hat the sun had come out. He had AMAZE always known the weather in Scotland would be (4) CHANGE but he wasn't prepared for the pleasant surprise of (5) SEE the sun (6) down on him this particular morning. He SHINE could (7) __beelieve hs luck BARE For, according to the (8) he had come to with the AGREE (9)___of the hotel, this was the day when he would go) MANAGE sailing round the (10)__ Isle of Skye, which all bis friends. LOVE had told him was (11) worth doing, DEFINITE GRAMMAR: Review of past tenses Remember the form and use of the past tenses: Present Perfect: Form: [have + the past participle of the verb Uses: 10 talk about past experiences in your life: I've been to Egypt three times. ‘10 talk about things which have happened in unfinished periods of time: I've drunk too much coffee today. b ve learnt how to use a PC. the present perfect continuous to talk about things which started in the past and are still happening now: I've been painting my room since this morning. I should be finished by tonight. ‘¢ to talk about things which have happened recently: ‘She's just written a letter to him. am 12UNIT Present Perfect or Past Simple: Ifyou need to decide which tense to use, ask yourself the question When? T’ve never been to Italy, but I went to Greece last summer. T've never been to Italy. When? In my life ~the exact time is not important so we use the present perfect. went to Greece last sumamer. When? Last summer ~ the time is important so we use the past simple. ‘The past simple is used to talk about things which happened in finished periods of time. Past Perfect: Form: | ftad + past participle of the verb Use: ‘When we tell a story, we set a time in the past in which the narrative takes place. When we refer to actions and periods before that, the past perfect is used: When we got back to the house, he had removed all the furniture. (First he removed the furniture and then we got back. Past perfect.) When we got back to the house, he removed all the furniture. (First we got back and then we removed the furniture. Past simple.) Thad been living in Greece for five years when I decided to buy a car. (The past perfect continuous is used to talk about events which began in the past and which continued up ‘until another action in the past.) Put the verbs in brackets in this text into the correct tense according to the context. The verbs may be either simple or continuous forms of the past, the present perfect or the past perfect tenses, One has been done for you asan example Many children start going for dental checkups at an early age, but Kelly Smithers was fourteen years old ‘when she (0) _went__ (go) for the first time. 1 (1) (be) not a happy experience. Until then Kelly (2) __(be) lucky. She (3) (always have) good teeth and (4) (never have) sullered from toothache. But for two or three months Kelly (5) (get) pain. on and off, in one of her teeth. So, her mother (6) (decide) that a trip to the dentist (7) (be) necessary. 1) (turn) out to be a terrible experience for Kelly. She (9) (have) twelve fillings in one siting and (10) __(be) in great pain. Since then, Kelly (11) (suffer) from dental phobia and (12) (never have) the courage to go to the dentist's again. But then, three months ago, Kelly (13) (sign) up for a session at Feelgood Dentistry. She (ay (start) to have toothache again and (15) (realize) that she (16) __ (need) to do something about it. At Feelgood she (17) (have) regular counselling sessions and (18) __ (be) given the chance to talk through her problems thoroughly. ‘It (19) (be) wonderful so far,’ she says, ‘I (20) (begin) to understand what lies behind my phobia and so 1 should be able to overcome it soon.’ —jem UNITY USE OF ENGLISH: Cloze passage For questions 1-15, read the text below and from the words in the box, choose the one which best fits each space. (One has been done for you as an example. with against during in jest ou up which came take been way who what is The Grisly Things that Land on your Plate : Imagine finding a sheep’s tooth in a packet of peanuts, a dead spider in your frozen pizza or broken glass in a . bread roll. These are (0) just _ a few of the items that found their (1) on to consumers’ tables last year, according (2) a report on consumer complaints by Alan Richards. His job (3) to try and identify when and how the objects got into the product, About ten percent of claims turn (4) _ tobe unfounded. Tests on wasps and flies in pots of jam, for example, often show they were not cooked along (5) the product in a factory, but fell (6) — much later— unnoticed by the outraged consumer, (7) instantly blamed the producer. But, products often end (8) __back at the factory tor investigations into (9) ‘went wrong, In the past, screws and metal rivets have fallen from machines (10) processing, or lightbulbs have shatiered, sending shards of glass into the product, But these days, most factories (11) great care to ensure that their quality systems are very thorough indeed, Factory workers have (12) known to sabotage food because they had a grudge (13) the management, This s the only explanation for how one consumer (14) to buy a carton of milk (15) __contained the entire contents ofa fly-trap — over one hundred inseets. Vocabulary Find these words in the passage. One has been done for you as an example. 0 anoun meaning people who buy consumers Ing not based on fact an adjective meaning very angry a verb meaning broken into small pieces a noun meaning small, sharp pieces an adjective mea a verb meaning deliberately damage/spoil something ou een a noun meaning 2 feeling ofanger or dislike towards someone - Summary Ina paragraph of between 50 and 70 words, summarize in your own words as far as possible, the reasons given in the text why strange objects sometimes turn up in food,UNIT Call of the Wild VOCABULARY: Animals 1. Find the names of wenty animals in the word ‘snake” kinog, ane % 6, 2 > Match each adjective on the left with an animal on the right to make a common simile. One has been done for you as an example. Are these animals associated with the same adjectives or qualities in your language? ead parrot As dead as a dodo, ‘tind dodo — busy peacock tree ox sick owl = proud mule quiet mouse sly fox strong bird stubborn bee wise bat 3. Use one of the animal names in the box as 2 verb to complete each ofthe sentences, One has been done for you asan example [dou wore tadser for tah we] The way David _wolfed_ down the sandwich, you'd think he hadn't eaten fora week. Derek has been __by misfortune alll his lite Amy her mother to buy her some sweets, ‘The police were completely by the mystery of the missing manuscript When Sally said her dress was nothing special, she was really __ for compliments. weunno ‘Trevor is very secretive, it’s difficult trying to information out of him, +jm UNIT 2 READING: Comprehension 1 a 16 Read the article quickly and underline the names in the box as they occur in the text. What are the relationships between these people and animals? Brad Carter Mary-Ann ena Joshua Ashley Ron Hawkins ‘Ann Webb x0 One of my pet hates When I heard the terrible story of the family attacked by a nine-foot python in & hotel room in San Diego, California, my initial reaction was to blame the hotel management — who increasingly cut costs by hurrying chambermaids through their duties. Bur even allowing for such carcless- ness, it would take a very casual cleaner to over look’a two-stone (metric) serpent; for constrict- ing snakes will not blend in with shower curtains, bidets, pile carpet and trouser-presses So, I was relieved to discover that the unfortu- nate victims of the reptile had actually brought it with them; Brad Carter and his pregnant wife, Mary-Ann, and their toddlers, Joshua and Ashley, were sharing one room with their pet Python, Selena, Farly in the morning, the usual- ly docile serpent, obviously tired of its usual diet of live guinea pigs, plunged its fangs into the ample backside of the sleeping mother. One can, only speculate what species of animal it thought it was eating, and how it thought it was going to swallow its prey. Unsurprisingly, the bite woke Mary-Ann, who describes how she was simultaneously ‘frozen with horror’ and ‘screaming hysterically”. So, the python decided it had better constrict her quick- ly. Brad then woke up, sized up the situation pretty quickly (my wife is being eaten by a snake’) and started belabouring Selena with a penknife. Eventually, a passing peramedic, Ron Hawkins, decapitated the reptile with a Swiss army knife that had been bought for his birthday only a fortnight earlier ~ a happy accident indeed Apparently, Brad had purchased Selena from a 35 ‘street trader’ for $100. She was a happy snake, who liked to lick his face after her guinea pig. “Like a slippery puppy dog’, he said ruefully. But today he is a wiser man, for he knows that it is very rare for a chap to go on holiday and find his wife being «© throttled to death by the family puppy dog, Obvious, you might think. Bur don’t be too smugs Brad has his counterparts in Britain, and plenty of them. Every year, more and more exotic pets, are sold, One company, Pet City, has made a for- 45 ‘tune selling (among other things) giant boas and pythons (500 last year), chipmunks (350), scor- pions (300), and. of course, tarantulas (600). And, like the many other exotic species you can buy, all these pets are ‘harmless’, ‘friendly’ even. 50 ‘Take this statement, for example: “Tarantulas are rot particularly aggressive; says the honorary secretary of the Tarantula Society, Ann Webb (es, that is her name). OF course they aren’t, Ann; they don’t have 10 be. They only need to s5 turn up on your pillow and the instant heart attack will do the rest. There is only one point to owning such an animal, and that is to scare the life out of family and friend: Yet Pet City will do a ‘Tarantula Starter Kit’ 60 complete with baby spider, warming pad (for those freezing winters) and ‘tunnelling material’ for just £33. Let's face it. The rest of us will just have to live in fear, simply so that the Brad Carters of this world will be able t0 boast about «5 the exotic pets they keep in their houses, and take away on holiday with them. ‘extrac fom a are by David Aaronovitch, st pubshed i The erent 24 August 1996,UNIT? ‘The article can be divided into two main sections. Look back and decide where the division between these two sections comes. What is the main focus of each of the sections? Now read more carefully and decide if each of the statements 1-8 matches the writer's opinion or not ‘The problem with the snake was the fault of the hotel management. The hotel staff should have noticed the snake. The snake probably attacked Mrs. Carter because it was hungry. Brad Carter was totally incapable of dealing with the situation. Brad now realizes that buying the snake was a mistake. ‘The Pet City company has been successful at selling exotic pets. The information given by the Tarantula Society is inaccurate, euauwaune People are buying exotic pets for the wrong reasons. Now read the article again and answer the following questions. Why does the writer use the pronoun ‘one’ in line 19? What is the writer referring to when he uses the words ‘its prey’ in line 22? What is the meaning of the phrasal verb What is the ‘happy accident’ referred to in line 33? Who is “you' in line 42? ed up’? (line 27) What does ‘these’ in line 50 refer to? Why does the writer add the phrase in brackets in line 54? The writer uses different words and expressions each time he talks about Brad Carter's pet. Look back at the article and underline each of these. Why does the writer use all these different forms? Summary ‘What do you think about the style of writing used in the piece? How does the writer use this to get across? Think about: point the intended audience the effect the writer wants to have on that audience the use of irony inverted commas in the article and for each one decide why these have been What is the main point that the writer is trying to make in this article? In a paragraph of between 50 and 70 ‘words, summarize in your own words as far as possible, the writer's attitude to the trade in exotic pets, giving his reasons. —GRAMMAR: Relative pronouns Remember: the person who. the thinglanimal which. the place where (something happened). the person whose... (possession) the place which (1 like) Join each pair of sentences using an appropriate relative pronoun, 1 Ron Hawkins used the penknife, It had been bought for his birthday. 2) Ann Webb was talking about tarantulas, She says they are not part ularly aggressive 3 Sel na is the snake's name. It bit Mary-Ann 4 Joshua isa toddler. His father owned the snake. 5 PerCity isa shop. It sells tarantula starter kits. 6 Selena was a jake. She was used to eating guinea pigs. 7 The story takes place in a hotel. Its i San Diego, Cali 8 Anew pet shop has just opened. You can buy snakes there, 9 Tmeta woman. Her child had been bitten by a tarantula, 10 Brita n isa place. There are many exotic pet fans there. Complete each sentence wi 1 a suitable relative pronoun. 1 The hotel the story takes place is in California 20 twas the Carter family _ brought the snake into the hotel. 3° It was Mary-Ann first raised the alarm 4 twas Ron knife was used to kill Selena. 5 Ihis Pet City sells 500 tarantulas per year. 6 Iris tarantulas sellin the largest numbers 7 Iis the Tarantula Society __ secretary is called Ann Webb. It was Selena was feeling hungry. 9 But, it’s in Britain __ Pet City have been selling lots of exotic pets.UNIT 2 HELP WITH SPELLING 2: Double consonants © When a suffix is added to a word, especially a suffix beginning with a vowel, the consonant is often doubled. This happens in words of one syllable where a single final consonant follows a single vowel: set = setting hot > hotter knit knitted © It doesn’t happen where words already have two consonants or 1wo vowels together: start = started meet -* meeting «In two-syllable or longer words the stress is important. Where the stress falls on the final syllable, then single final consonants are doubled: forget > forgetting compare with: benefit, > benefited admit + admitiedly open > opening refer > referred market -> marketing © Be careful with words where the stress changes when suffixes are added: prefer > preferred > _ preference © Words that end with silent e do not need double consonants when the e is dropped: care caring ‘* Remember these exceptions: write = > writing written develop —* developing > developed For questions 1-11, add a suffix to the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. The word you write should make sense in the context of the passage. Suzy Stokes works for the (1) department of a large MARKET ‘company which makes (2) garments. It was Suzy who KNIT introduced the idea of (3) dog hair to the company, SPIN and she has been responsible for (4) the technology DEVELOP needed to produce yarns for the material Atthe (5) many people doubted that the idea would BEGIN take off, and only Suzy’s (6) approach prevented the commit whole project from being (7) DROP “tt really hadn't (8) to people that there could be a occur market for the materials,’ Suzy remembers, ‘and (9) ‘TRANSFER resources from other projects was not really (10) PERMIT But Suzy’s determination paid off: ata recent sales (11) CONFER dog-hair products were hailed as the company’s largest growth area. —mes UNIT 2 PHRASAL VERBS: With up and down Write one word in each of the spaces to complete the phrasal verb, idence, The botanist’s theory has been up by newly-discovered € After his accident, Jed didn’t up to going to the party. Alter three weeks’ holiday, [had a lot of work to ___ up with, Vm sorry 10 this up, but I've found a misprint in this contrac. T can’t get this zip 10 up, it must be broken, The contract for the new project will be The completion of the new by-pass will be I'm afraid there's no truth in the story; Geoff _it up as a joke. He __up a lot of detus in the town and then disappeared without a trace up lor those concerned about the welfare of dolphins, up next week eerawawne 10 A new organization is being WORD FAMILIES AND WORD STRESS 41 Complete the grid with the missing words from these families and mark each of the words tw show the word stress. The first word family has been completed for you as an example. verb noun adjective 0 surprise surprise surprising 1 depress a globe 3 invading/invasive 4 prevention 5 What is the difference between invading and invasive? up due to a strike by construction workers. 6 Which other word in the table has two adjectives? What does each mean? 2. Mark the word stress on these nouns. 3 Mark the word stress on these verbs. What is the noun formed from each of the verbs? ‘What is the adjective formed from each of the nouns? Is the word stress in the same place in the noun? Is the word stress in the same place in the adjective? noun adjecti verb noun 1 ecology 1 homogenize 2 2 catastrophe 2 populate sit 3. continent 3 devastat 4 photograph ee 4 isolate 5 biology 7 _ 5 naturalize 6 infiltrate 7 punctuate 8 pronounce - me 20 WhiUNIT 2 sm GRAMMAR: Cause and result Complete the second sentence so that it hasa similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1 Whale strandings are often caused by illness or injury. lead Ilness strand 18s 2. When African grasses were introduced, this led to more frequent fires. resulted It was the - more frequent fires. 3° The result of isolation has often been the creation of new species. leads Frequently, created. 4 Pollution may be responsible for the dolphins’ loss of immunity to the virus. blame Pollution may __ the dolphins’ loss of immunity to the virus. 5 Human activity is not always the culprit in environmental disasters. blamed ‘The activity _ in environmental disasters. 6 ATV programme is to blame for the latest fashion for exotic pets. result The latest a television programme, 7 Hunting is thought to have resulted in the extinction of the dodo. brought ‘The extinction of the dodo by hunting. GRAMMAR: Uses of the article Inthis text from the Student’s Book, the articles have been taken out, In each space write one of the following =the definite article the =the indefinite article afar —noarticle (—) When you have completed the exercise, look back at page 34 of the Student's Book to check, Itsomebody finds, say, (1) __ rabbit that’s been run over and has (2)__ broken leg, (3) _ last thing one should do is take it to (4) __vet and waste (5) __ money on trying to pin it together and then put in (6) __cage. (7) _ kindest thing to do is knock it on (8) __ head. Now that would horrify (9) __average town dweller, but what we're trying to do is preserve (10) _ genuine rural habitats Ym afraid the trouble is, and it may seem unkind to say it in this way, but (11) __certain people are merely over-sentimental about ___ (12) animals, and it really tells you more about (13) ___people concerned than it does about (14) __well-being of wildlife.meee UNIT2 HELP WITH PUNCTUATION 2: Commas ‘The comma is used: © after the salutation and close in letters: Dear Sir, Yours sincerely, © inlists: The comma is used with words, phrases and clauses. Choose the best answer A, B, Cor D. © to mark out adverbs and clauses: Recently, there has been a change of attitude. Ast had already seen the film, Ifound the visit to the cinema rather boring. © when two clauses are joined by a conjunction: hoped to catch up with Mary at the station, but she was too quick for me. ‘© 10 show that an idea is in parenthesis: The whole expedition was, I'm sorry o say, a complete waste of time. * to prevent misreading: ‘The girl ran areund the room ten minutes after she fell asleep. (ambiguous) The girl ran around the room, tet minutes after she fell asleep. (cleat) In this letter there are no commas, Put commas in where they are needed 27 Acacia Avenue Harmborough Surrey The Manager Pet City Manchester Dear Sir Recenily U read an article which said thal Pet Cily was the best place to buy tavantules. As I would like to buy one asa pet I am writing to ask if you have any in slock al the moment Unfortunately U have never had a pet spider before so U was wondering if you could send me some information about the best way 40 look after them. For example are your tarantulas sold with cages and bedding or do T have to pay for these separately? I already have a pet dog and 4 small python bul no other spiders Do you think my tarantula will be lonely? Should I buy two or will that lead to other problems? T would be grateful to recewe the answer to these questions together with your pricelist a brochure any ether information you may have about tarantulas and details of how to get to your shop from the cily centre. Yours faithfully A Sirangelove =p InUNIT 2 om FORMAL AND INFORMAL LANGUAGE Choose the best word or phrase from the alternatives in italics to complete this semi-formal letter in an. appropriate style, 24 Oaklands Avenue London Cycling Holidays Ld. NES RE@ York YO13 AR2 23 February Dear Sir, Lam (1) oriting/dropping you a line to ask for (2) more {further information about the cycling holidays you (3) put onlonganize in the Yorkshire Dales. 1 (4) noticed/sported your ($) advertladvertisement in the Yorkshire Tourist magazine and I was pleasantly (6) surprised/tuken uback to sec (7) the wide rangelall the different types of holiday you have (8) for the takinglon offer. 1 (9) feel surehwouldn’t mind betting that one of your holidays will (10) be exactly what I amt looking forisit me down to the ground. I would be (11) gratefidichuffed, therefore, (12) to getito receive a copy of your (13) latestinewest brochure, (14) tagether withiand don’t forget @ booking form and price list. Looking forward to (15) having your reply/hearing from you. (16) Regards/Yours faithfully, A. Reader Writing: a formal letter Imagine you work at Cycling Holidays Ltd, Write a reply of about 150 words to the letter above. You should. use an appropriate formal letter layout thank the customer for their letter and enquiry ~ give information about availability, special offers, latest booking date, et.A Word in your Ear READING: Lexical cloze For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B,C or D) best fits each gap, Pleasure Zone Reading is my ultimate pleasure, as it is very good for the soul and a great way to (1) Thave a real possible, I scour markets and vintage bookshops, particularly penchant for collecting vintage books. (2) those little tucked-away ones nobody ever seems to notice. Here you can browse and find something very small, sweet and inexpensive, My favourite books are those which (3) __ how people lived in the past such as War andl Peace, and old books about fashion. They are a (4) clothes designer, and I am fascinated by the time and effort which people used to put into dressing. Cf inspiration to me because of my work as a 16) character of any room and are always accessible to (6) books all around the house ~ by the fireplace, in the hallway, next to my bed. ‘They add to the into, Old books with plenty of character and good content appeal most to me ~ browsing through the musty-smelling pages transports me back in time. 1 A respite Bunwind C restore Dunburden 2 AWhenever B Whichever C However D Whoever v 3 Apreend —-B project C propose D portray In 4 Abase Bspring Csource Droot 5 A pepper Blitter C scatter Daluti 6 Adip Bpop Cslip Dadrop The Boy Reader One of my earliest memories is that of a small boy sitting in our village street surrounded by a group of ‘grey-whiskered old men. Bored and fidgety, his mind clearly (7) . he is reading aloud in fluent sing-song voice, the news from a (8) newspaper. This boy and I were of one generation and we (9) the e were both the inheritors, after centuries of darkness, of our country’s first same trick of enlightenment: literate peasantry. My mother and father, the children of a coachman and a sailor, read well and were (10) self-taught, But their parents could do lite more than spell out their names — which they were not often (11) 10 do ~ and if given a book were likely to turn it over in their hands, cough loudly, and a2) it asideUNIT 3 7 Asomewhat Bmeanwhile Cotherwise _D elsewhere 8 Ahaggard — Battered Csplintered buckled 9 Ashared ——Bjoined split Dhalved 10 Agreatly —_Blargely Cwidely D deeply HM Acutout — Bsentup filled in Daalled on 2 Alet Brake Clay Dhold Thing of the Past? ‘The decline of the typewriter from ubiquitous business tool to museum (13) has been rapid. But despite having been all but superseded by the computer, the old manual typewriter still has a few loyal fans. ‘They point to certain advantages the (14) ‘obsolete machine has over its speedy and versatile electronic rival. The first is cost: why spend large sums on the latest hardware, software and printer, they (15) » if all you need to do is type a few letters or invoices? (16) » typewriters are immune to computer viruses, rarely crash and can be used to print single labels and envelopes, which can be a fiddly job on some computer printers. But before you dash off in (17) of one, there is one small (18) to the typewriter; finding a shop that still sells them. B Aentry Bpiece part D scrap 14 Aapparently Bactually eventually D effectively 15 Acounter B dispute C disagree D argue 16 AOntheotherhand BForinstance — C Be thatasit may D Inaddition 17 Atrack Bsearch Chunt D chase 18 A deadlock B detriment C drawback D disabililty ry Ineach of the three texts, find words which match the following meanings. Pleasure Zone: a special liking. look thoroughly for something not easy to find look around casually awe Boy Reader: with a beard unable to sit still age group able to read and write ewe ease ‘Thing of the Past?: found everywhere 10 replaced 11 out of date and useless 12 able to do many different things 13 not affected by 14 difficult to do practically 5mms UNITS GRAMMAR: The passive Form: | fo be + past participle of the main verb Use: © when the active would have a ‘weak’ subject (someone, they, people, etc.) They had to close the motorway temporarily The motorway had to be closed temporarily. People say it’s an interesting play. Its said to be an interesting play. N.B. No agent (by someone) is needed in such sentences. © tosolten or avoid direct orders, accusations, quotes, etc.: You shouldn't have told Marianne. Marianne shouldn't have been told. Someone has broken the door handle. The door handle has been broken. Our reporter says that there have been riots in vountry X, Riots have been reported in country X. N.B. Such sentences shouldn't have an agent. ‘© when the action is more important than the agent, especially describing processes, etc: A machine fits the pin into the slot. The pestman has delivered a lot of letters. ‘The pin is fitted into the slot mechanically. A lot of letters have been delivered. N.B. Use the agent only when this is needed to give a full picture. Compare: A bee chased Louise. Someone has left the gate open. Louise was chased The gate has been left open. Louise was chased by a bee. For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given, You must use between three and eight words including the word given. Fach new sentence should make use of the passive. 1. People say that Kirsty is friendly with a number of well-known celebrities said Kirsty with a number of well-known celebrities 2. People generally think that Paul did a good job. thought Paul done a good job. 3 Most people consider Mr. Jarvis to be the best dentist in town: widely Mr Jarvis town's best dentist. 4° An unnamed source alleges that the President is about to get married The the point of marriage. 5 They ought to have informed us that the flight’s departure would be delayed. about We late departure of the flightUNITS om 6 A large wasp distracted the students from the lecture by The during the tecture. 7 Everyone believes that the wrong man was accused of the murder. widely the ___ been accused of the murder. 8 Nobody had publicized the date of the meeting, so few people came. been Asthe few people bothered to come. HELP WITH PUNCTUATION 3: Genitives and apostrophes * The apostrophe is generally used to show that something has been omitted: incontractions itis, > it's ‘ have not > haven't lus > let's NB. Do not use apostrophes with pronouns: the city and itssuburbs The fault was entirely hers. _® The apostrophe is also used to indicate possession: David's pen = a pen belonging to David David and Angela's car = a car belonging to both David and Angela "+ When the possessor is plural, the apostrophe comes after the s: the teachers” room =a room used by a number of teachers NB. With irregular plurals, the apostrophe comes before the s: the children’s roont =a room used by a number of children * The apostrophe is generally used with nouns which refer to people, expressions of time and sometimes places, butis not used for object Wednesday's meeting ofthe club the door of Raymond's house | London's excellent range of theatres “NEB. the door ofthe car or the car door * The apostrophe is also used in some idiomatic phrases: T'mat my wit’s end, [can’t find a way out of this problem. Add apostrophes to the following sentences where needed. 1 Please dont waste everybody elses time as well as ours. Thavent bought anything for the twins birthday yet I isnt the sort of thing that suits Bill and Fionas taste. The citys full of shops selling tomorrows fashions today. Some childrens clothes are sold upstairs, others are to be found in teenage fashions. Lindas appointment is at four oclock and Roberts follows hers, but youre not on todays list, Im atraid. Well have to make sure that Mr. Peters watch says the same time as ours, is high time the sports club did something about its members changing facilities. eeraneun ‘Toms mothers house isnt as old as its appearance suggests; her neighbours houses are older. 10 Theirs is the villages most beautiful garden, and theres no doubt its larger than anybody elses’ too. 7me UNITS HELP WITH SPELLING 3: Words ending in y © You usually change a final y to /when adding a suffix: marry — marriage carly earlier beauty > beautiful day + daily lonely — loneliness N.B. Do not change y when adding -ing: mary — marrying ‘copy > copying * You usually change yto i when forming plurals or adding the third person s: uy tries beauty —> beauties N.B. Do not change yi boy = boys pay — pays valley - valleys 1 Adda suffix to make nouns from these words. 1 rely 6 lazy 2 deny 7° defy 3 apply 8 bully 4 nasty 9 ory 5 imply 10 lovely _ 2. Make the following singular nouns plural 1 toy 6 holiday 2 trolley 7 penny __ 3 quarry 8 display 4 puppy ee 9 spy 5 highway —__ 10 fairy Choose one word from the box to complete the simile in each of the idiomatic phrases. One has been done for you asan example. black peas bright quick dead ht pretty fresh fit__ stubborn right as_dead asa dodo. Look at that old house; it’sas__asa picture. There’s no life lelt in that plant, Alter a good long sleep, Edward felt as asa daisy. You have to be patient with Hilary, she’s as __asa mule. I you keep taking the medicine, you'll soon feel as___as rain. Alter she'd taken out all the books, Muriel’s bag felt as__asa feather. ¥'m not surprised that Sharon’s doing well at school, she’s as__asa button. David threw open the door and as asa flash, made a grab for the jewel box. After all that exercise I feel as _ asa fiddle, eeusawaunno ‘The brothers are as alike as two ina pod. 10 1 think it’s going to rain; the sky to the west is as_ as ink. DeUNT3 USE OF ENGLISH: Cloze passage Inthis passage, a recently successful novelist talks about her carcer. Fill each of the numbered gaps wi suitable word from the box. The first one has been done for you as an example one way indeed likely one as in between into about #hen who should do not since were My chequered career Asa child, I dreamed of being a writer (0) mohen I grew up. The way I went (1) realizing this was getting a job in publishing as a teenager. And to anyone (2) thinks it’s unfair that a literary agent 3) have written a novel that’s attracted quite a lot of attention, I would say “You can do it too. You too can go (4) ______ publishing at eighteen and type your (5) __ through contracts and things for years, learning as you go’. But in truth, only now (6) [feel I've got anything to write about. (1) _______, I think something would-be young writers tend to overlook is the fact that your first love affair as astudent is fascinating to you, but (8) _ necessarily to the world outside. ‘My great battle for the twenty years I've been running my own literary agency has been to fight the distinction o so-called literary and so-called commercial fiction, In my view, any novel now regarded (10) a classic only has that status because it has sold well and continuously (11), it was: published. I was screamed down on television once for saying that, (12) she writing today, Jane Austen ‘would be writing just the sort of thing you pick up at airports. But I stick ro my guns. A good story is (13) which gets (14) touch with a wider audience. The more it does so, the more (15)__itis to survive. So, why not be a good writer for people who pass through airports? Comprehension Decide if each of the statements 1-10 reflects what the writer feels by writing Yes or No. It was always my ambition to become a writer. — entered publishing ata secretarial level My first book was written when I was a student. — Writers need to have some experience of life. = Ittakes more than large sales to make a classic. Ihave been criticized for writing ‘commercial’ fiction. ‘Some people disagreed with my comments about Jane Austen. My writing was influenced by my knowledge of the publishing business. _- It worries me that I may have an unfair advantage over other writers. we arawawnemm UNIT 3 WRITING: An article You have been asked to write an article for a student magazine on the topic of translating into English, Write a short article of about 300-350 words in which you talk about common problems encountered when translating trom your language into English suggestions on how to avoid the most common mistakes — suggestions of books, materials, etc, that might be useful Before writing, think about your readers: What information wil be useful for them? How can you make the article interesting, as well as informative? What style should the article be written in? Write your article. GRAMMAR: Comparison and contrast \ce that contains all the information in the two sentences printed above it and to forma comparison or contrast. Do not change the word or expression For questions 1-10, write one sent uses the word or expression giv given 1 English makes great use ol the passive. Some other European languages do not. unlike 2 Computers save a lot of time. Learning to use a computer is very time consuming, although books remains stable. 3. The demand for cookery books is rising. The demand for qui whilst 4 Our local bus service is very regular, Other areas are not so lucky. comparison. 5 Itrained heavily fora short time. The garden party was a great success. despite 6 Many people think eating out in Glasgow is expensive. Prices are actually quite reasonable. far from 7 James had a slight head cold. He sang beautifully at Fessica’s wedding in spite of 8 The coach takes five hours to get to London. The train does it in two and a half hours whereas 9 You may dislike folk music very much. I'm sure you'll ike this particular band. however 10 Hill walking is tiring. Mountain climbing requires more concentration as much, ms 30UNIT3 em READING: Multiple choice You are going to read two extracts which are both cone -d in some way with the written word. For questions 1.5, choose the answer (A, B, Cor D) which you think fits according to the text 5 MIND SCULPTURE There can be few more mundane tasks than retyping a document but, rather amazingly, it's one which offers an important insight into the untapped potential that lies locked within our brai Ever since the first typewriters were introduced in the late 19th century, psychologists have been intrigued by how typing speeds are far in excess of what would be expected. The reaction times of the human brain are very fast — with a mere 250 milliseconds elapsing between the initial stimulus and the response — but this allows a typing speed of just 48 words per minute. How then do experienced typists readily achieve speeds two or three times greater than this? The simple answer, of course, is practice ~ but what does this mean? In his recent book Mind Sculpture, Tan Robertson clarifies what is going on with the following simple example. Hold your left palm up towards you, Mentally number the fingers: forefinger 1, middle finger 2. ring finger 3, little finger 4. Now look away from your hand and touch your fingers in the sequence 4-1-3-2-4. This will take you about two seconds; but repeat the sequence for 20 minutes a day, and within three weeks it will be down to a mere three-quarters of a second, because the amount of brain tissue involved expands as you get good at the finger dance. It’s rather like the way that muscle bulk increases with exercise. 20 25 0 Which phrase does the writer use to underline the wider significance of typing speeds? A B c D The example of the ‘finger dance’ shows that typing is, A B c D mundane task (line 1) untapped potential (lines 4-5) lar in excess (line 78) initial stimulus (line 13) a skill with unlimited proficiency. an tinexplained anomaly for psychologists. an example of the brain’s adaptability a particularly mindless activity. —mm UNIT 3 em 32 Book Review: Pobby and Dingan by Ben Rice Ben ’s first novel is quirky, moving and complet unexpected. It will charm all but the most determined cynic, and at just 90 pages, is slim enough to fit into even the snuggest pocket. ‘The synopsis is unlikely to convince. Pobby and Dingan, loyal friends of Kellyanne, a lonely eight-year-old holed up in an isolated Australian opal-mining town, have disappeared. They will not be easy to find. They are imaginary. But they are real enough to Kellyanne, whose grief is so profound that she is wasting away. In desperation, her brother, the teenage Ashmol, who had previously jumped on the thin air supposedly inhabited by Pobby and Dingan and called his sister names, realizes he must do something. So, he cycles round the tiny town of Lightning Ridge, frantically organizing a search party. ‘The resulting fable, narrated by Ashmol, effortlessly combines whimsy with surprising realism. Just when the story looks set to descend into farce, it clicks back into the real world of family tragedy and small-town politics. It is strangely affecting, 3. According to the reviewer. the novel is A. surprisingly touching, B__ completely ridiculous. wholly unconvincing. D__ unexpectedly exciting, 4 Which phrase does the reviewer use to praise the author's writing style? ‘A. the most determined cynic (line 2) B the snuggest pocket (lines 1-2) C the resulting fable (lines 11) D__ effortlessly combines (line 11) 5 Which word or phrase used later in the text re-enforces the idea that the book is ‘quirky’? (line 1) A. holed up (line 5) B_ whimsy (line 11) farce (line 12) D clicks back (line 12)UNIT A Fine Romance READIN i: Multiple choice You are going to read an article about agony aunts. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, Cor) which you think fits best according to the text The agony and the ecitary Summer, traditional time of moonlight and romance, is in the air and bookshops are bursting out all over with advice for those whose path is strewn with briars. Agony aunts, marriage counsellors and psychologists have rushed into Paroxysm of print’ how to have a good relationship, stay together, solve your problems, how to understand the opposite sex. ‘They are the relationship experts, dispensing understanding and advice to anyone who has hit a bad patch. ‘To write about the pursuit of happiness is brave; to offer guidance is braver still. It betokens a confidence in their own opinion that some might call foothardy. One cannot but ask who are these self-styled authorities? Do agony aunts manage their lives and loves with equal perception and professionalism, or is a fair share Of strife essential to sympathy? Irma Kurtz makes no bones about calling herself an agony aunt. Hers is the common-sense counsel of an outspoken friend, freely dished out to thousands of readers in one of Britain’s top ‘women’s magazines. She claims no formal taining, no favourite philosophy, no know-it-all dogma. As Irma says, ‘Endless curiosity and an irrepressible compulsion to communicate what ['m thinking are probably the two highest qualifications for this job. Nosy and bossy in other words.” ‘That and empathy. Irma — wise, warm, funny, tolerant ~is the first to admit how many of the problems which arrive in her postbag strike a chord, the last to take the moral high ground, “I 100, have been there in my time, and, more than once, believe me, made a mess of things” she writes in her book, Tén-point Plan for an Untroubled Life. U've sent letters I wished 1 hadn't in my time? she confides, ‘I have been out with men I did not really love and loved men T did not really like much.” She is 59, and now relishes the richness of fife in a tiny flat in London's West Ends theatres and restaurants only a heartbeat away. The fen-Point Plan is a self-help book, she says. “Its very important to have the confidence 10 solve your own problems and not immediately ery “help”, because no one is more expert in your own experience than you, and T really think we are forgetting that” “I didn’t expect to be on my own at 60. 1 never cared about marriage, but Ialways believed Td find this great love’ Twice she was deeply in loves “The first time and the last time, Tike bookends. With the last one. ten years ago, T remember thinking, “Dear God, just get me out of this in one piece and I'l never do it again never.” But this, as she is keen to point out, is only her experience, “You can’t assume that it will be everyone's; all it teaches you is the variety and possibility of life’. If there is one vital lesson to pass on, she says, it would be the importance of the essential. "Keep in view what matters to you~ be it Friendships, love or whatever — and don’t let silly things get in the way: Listen to the music and ignore the static” 0 3In the introduction, what point is the writer making about the type of book she mentions? A. Sales are booming at the moment. B_ They are attracting a lot of publicity. C Some new titles have just appeared. D__ Some surprising peopte are writing them. The writer expresses a doubt about whether the people who write these books A have sullicient experience. Bare suitably qualified. C lead happy lives themselves. D__ really understand the problems of others. Irma Kurtz's approach can be described as based on A centain guiding principles. B__ interest in other people. C research into human behaviour. D_akeen sense of humour. Inna Kurtz admits that A she has made mistakes in her life B__ she often turns to others for help. C she is dissatisfied with her present life. D_ she regrets not getting married. What is Irma’s principal piece of advice to people? A Be open to life’s possibilities B__ Don’t look to others for help. Don't let love pass you by. D__ Know your own priorities Vocabulary Find these words and expressions in the text. Paragraph numbers are given in brackets and one has heen done for you asan example. o eesausune 10 2 an idiomatic phrase meaning full of (1) bursting out all over a verb meaning fo give out (1) a verb meaning fo suggest (2) an adjective meaning wnwise (2) ee a noun meaning difficulty (2) —— an idiomatic phrase which means doesnt estate to-admit (3) an adjective meaning frank and honest (3) J a phrasal vert meaning wiven (3) a noun meaning a set of fxed ideas (3) an adjective meaning unstoppable (3) an idiomatic phrase meaning remind (one) of something (4) a verb meaning to enjoy very much (5) two adjectives both meaning very important (7)UNIT 4 Summary Inaparagraph of between 50 and 70 words, summarize in your own words as far as possible Irma Kurtz's attitude towards problems in relationships, saying whether you agree with it or not. NARRATIVE DEVICES: Inversion Inversion is a narrative device used to give emphasis to one aspect of the sentence: He had no sconer got under the shower than the phone rang, [No sooner had he got under the shower than the phone rang, The second, inverted sentence emphasizes the irony of the situation by placing the negative adverbial expression {no sooner) at the beginning. This is followed by the inversion of subject and auxiliary. When the original sentence has no auxiliary, use do: You very rarely nieet couples who never argue. Very rarely do you meet couples who never argue. For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the ‘word given. 1 Ws not often that one’s chance Seldom meet such a famous writer. lucky enough to meet such a famous writer, 2. Almost nobody keeps a record of how many cups of cotfee they drink a year. count Hardly the number of cups of coffee they drink a year, 3 We had only just taken our coats olf when the film began. than Hardly the film began 4 You scarcely ever see owls during the daytime. rarely only during the daytime. 5 [have never had such an uncomfortable journey in my whole life. have Never such an uncomfortable journey 6 You don’t often get offered an opportunity like that come Rarely your way. 7 This envelope shouldn't be opened under any circumstances no Under opened. 8 Lonly realized what I'd said when 1 happened to see her face caught only 1 realize what I'd said. —mmm UNIT 4 HELP WITH SPELLING 4: Common errors Some pairs of words which sound the same, or very similar, are olten confused: principle > ageneral law or truth principal > most important thing or person «brake stops your ear or bicycle a break an interval, or something's broken advice = anoun advise = averb Choose the correct spelling from the alternatives in brackets in each of these sentences. | think we have to go back to first (principles/principals) to understand this problem, ‘There's been a (brake/break)-in at the shop; lots of money has been stolen. Let me give you some (advice/advisey For (dessert/desert) there is either ice-cream or truit salad, Be careful not to (loese/lose) your button, it looks a bit (loese/lose) to me, Tanya has put in hours ot (practise/practice) since getting her own piano. ‘The tralfic was completely (stationery/stationary) during the hold-up on the motorway, can't decide (weather/whether) to take an umbrella today. It was (guiet/quite) a nice skirt, but not really what Sarah was looking lor, 10 We (past/passed) John’s old school on the way to the bank. 11 The building had (formally/formerlv) been used as a barn belore being turned into a house. 12 thought I recognized the man who came and sat (beside/besides) me on the bus, eeraweune Do you know what the other words mean? Use your dictionary to check USE OF ENGLISH: Word-building cloze For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines te form a word that fits into the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0) Anger ns, and it can get Anger is one of the most commonly-felt emo uusinto hot water — whilst (0) Lottling things up only makes matters BOTTLE worse. So should you do more than simply gnash your teeth? hitting (1) objects like tables and ANIMATE doors are common responses to accumulated (2) __. Losing FRUSTRATE your temper is, however, likely to be little more than a temporary (3)__for your feelings and ultimately may lead to humiliation LET rather than vindication Shouting, swearing So, we learn to hold our emotions in check. The (4) of our EXTEND, action to any event, however, will often depend on our (5) BRING For if parents scream or fall into awkward silences when they are cross, their offspring will probably do the same. (6) . CONVERSE a child may be wary of anger precisely because one of its parents had an (7) temper. CONTROL mm 36,ONT 4 Although there are no hard and fast rules for how best to deal with anger, burying it inside is probably the least (8) __ method, PRODUCT Physical release through exercise can be (9) however, and WORTH many a tense situation in a (10) has evaporated thanks to RELATE a pillow or water fight. On the other hand, you could get it out of your system by just writing it all down in your diary. Writing: a narrative Amagazine for young people has asked readers to send in articles with the title “The day I really lost my temper ‘he best article will win a prize ~a free Caribbean holiday! The article should explain what made you angry, how you reacied, and how you feel about it now. Write your article (350 words). Think about: - what made you angry in the first place = how your anger grew —how you expressed your anger ~ how people responded —how you felt afterwards Remember these expressions: Tobottle things up 1 gnash your teeth tohit the root to blow your top tolose yourtemper to seethe with rage tolose control my blood boiled GRAMMAR: Uses of get * Getis a commonly used verb, especially in spoken language ® Gets often used instead of become: Vim getting tired, let's stop for a rest * Geris often found in passive constructions: Henry got mugged on his way home last night. * Getis often used in phrasal verbs: Tim and Sandra are getting on very well tether. * Getis often used in a reflexive sense: Itstime we got (ourselves) organized ana planned our holiday: 7mee UNIT 4 For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word siven. 1 Tom and Carly had their wedding on a Friday evening. got ‘Tom and Carly evening. 2 Jane was blamed for the mistake. got ‘The person Jane, 3° Rosy is very easily upset get It doesn't upset 4 Terry's teacher told him off seriously yesterday. got Tey trom his teacher yesterday. 5 Alter ten minutes. waiting began to depress Kathy. fed Kathy after shed been waiting ten minutes. 6 When Liz talks about herself like that it really irritates me nerves mo talks about herselt like that. 7 fi gets All this talk down. d all this talk of marital disharmony very depressing. 8 Weill have to hurry up if we're going to catch that bus move If we're going to on 9 Although my neighbours are rather reserved, I'd like us to be friendlier get Although they're rather reserved, Cd like my neighbors bette 10 Simon should let a dentist fix that broken tooth. seen Simon should to by a dentist tien. eeUNIT 4 om READING: Gapped text Read this extract froma story. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract, Choose from the 1 ih -d from th from th paragraphs A-H on page 40 the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you de not reed 10 use, Robert Kett was hanging about a little way down the toad from our house, pretending to be doing something, tohis bike. If | had not recognized him, 1 would have recognized his bike anywhere, a birthday present from his parents whose perception of their son clearly differed from my own. It was blue and white with turned-down, handlebars and the lines of a cheetah poised to spring, upon an unsuspecting, gazelle. We said hello to each other and were, as usual, immediately at a loss for words. {think [said something about liking his pullover, which was a dazzling new white, hand-knitted one in eable-stitch. Going bright red = when it came to blushing there was not much to choose between us — he told me his Aunt Mabel had Jnitted it for him. To break the painful silence which {allowed this information | mentioned that I was on the way to feed a donkey. fa] 2 ‘We walked in a depressive quiet down to the cross-roads., Thad long ago resigned myself to the sad recognition that, in the circles I frequented at any rate ~ people did not converse with either the wit or the high seriousness they invariably exhibited in books. Even so, with nothing but, Aunt Mabel's pullover between us and silence, I could not help feeling that we had touched rock bottom. However, once we got into the back path things got even, worse. For Robert Kett grew fussy and I could never abide fussiness 3 Much as I hated fuss, I felt sufficient sympathy for my companion in his obvious distress to suggest that he and his bicycle change their minds about accompanying me further and retreat to the safety of made-up toads. Robert Kets refusal to withdraw may have demonstrated a gratilying desire lor my company despite all danger. if nly he had not said: ‘It’s ages since I saw a donkey.” 4 He patted Bagshaw, for that was the donkey's name, on the muzzle like an old friend, shooed the flies away from his eyes, and even snagged his new pullover on the barbed wire and didn’t seem to care. If T was, to be honest, a little put out by this level of vivacity, never triggered by my presence, it was as nothing to my annoyance at the donkey's response. 5 Bagshaw purred. Bagshaw simpered. Bagshaw fluttered, his long eyelashes at Robert Kett in a way that was quite disgusting. I might as well have not been there at al. ‘I takes one donkey to recognize another’, | thought ferociously, but I remained uncomforted, My faithless, lover then turned to me and demanded ‘Is that all there is? Though the answer must have been plain to see where, for heaven’s sake, did he think I kept extra bread? 1 burst into tears, [6 It was masterly done. The shock of it dried my tears instantly. The destruction so utter as to preclude peitifoxging worries about whether or not the damage could be repaired. Even as the boy stood staring down “unbelievingly at his front, the nothingness enlarged itsel It seemed that breathing was enough to send more stitches into oblivion, more wool unravelling, more cables untwisting themselves. a, Red with the effort of stifling my laughter, 1 helped Robert Kett divest himself of the mangled remains of his, pullover — not easy because some of the loose strands of woo! had wound themselves around the buttons of the shirt he wore underneath ‘Hang on a moment,” I said as I pressed close against his chest, working at getting the buttons free. I hadn’t heard footsteps or the gate opening, but suddenly [ heard a voice inquiring icily: ‘What on earth is going on?” 39ms UNITS A When Robert Kett demanded in a high-pitched voice, ‘What am I going to tell Auntie?" I took charge, the way, it seemed to me, girls often had to when faced with boys’ inability to cope. “Tell her you lost it She'll knit you another. Women always buy more ‘wool than they need, she'll be glad of a reason to use itup! B _Isilently implored my four-legged friend not to lay so much as a hoof on the gleaming object of Robert Kett’s affections. However, my relief when Robert Ket had the good sense to lay his bicycle on the ground rather than prop it against the wire fence was short-lived, © Not that { had seen — nor ever expected to see ~ Robert Kett riding his machine with the panache it deserved. He seemed happiest quietly pushing it along, himself padding alongside in a submissive way that did not make itentirely clear which of the nwo was in charge. D__Tdon'tknow which of us was the most embarrassed me, Robert Kert or the donkey, but only the latrer had the sense to do something about it. Pushing his head ‘even further than usual through the strands of barbed wire, he first rubbed his nose affectionately against Robert's new pullover, then, opening his mouth wide, champed his teeth with an audible ‘clack’ down on ‘Aunt Mabel's handiwork and bit a large piece out of it the text He... even snagged his new pullover on the barbed wire. In this phrase, E G H Itseemed that none of the householders cared a great deal about the state of the hedges which flanked the path, for with spring passing into summer, the wild roses had grown prodigiously, the brambles arching over the pathway or snaking thornily along the ground with the express aim, surely, of tripping up the unsuspecting passer-by. As a place for picking up scratches on the beautiful blue and white enamel of new bike, it took a lot of beating, Here was I who had been feeding the wretched beast day after day without receiving as much as a hee-haw _ in return, and here was a complete stranger moving in effortlessly to take over the heart which should, if there were any justice in the world, belong to me. I was not conscious of framing this comment in the form of an invitation, but he took it as one, and I did not contradict him. It was such a relief to discover a purpose for our being together. Robert Kett and the donkey liked each other instant) Itwas love at first sight. My titular boyfriend took tothe donkey in a way I had never seen him take to me Undaunted by the large yellow teeth that made me prefer to throw bread down in the ground rather than risk my fingers, Robert fearlessly held out lumps of bread for the animal to snuffle up with its slobbery ips Some words which you may not know can be guessed from their context. Look at the following phrase from (ilth paragraph of the main text ) mn the barbed wire’ makes the meaning of ‘snagged’ clear For extracts 1-9, decide which phrase (A, B or C) best describes the meaning of the word or phrase in italic, From the main part of the text on page 39: 1 First paragraph ‘Robert Kett was hanging about a little way down the road. (clue ~ read ahead to the end of the sentence) hanging about means A spending a lot of time in a place or with a person B__ waiting near a place with no particular purpose giving careful attention to somethingUNIT 4 2 Second paragraph ‘when it came to blushing there was not much to chose between us...’ (clue ~ read back a few words) blushing means A. not quite telling the whole truth B_ not being able to think of anything to say becoming red in the face because of embarrassment 3. Third paragraph ‘I could never abide fussiness.’ (clue — read ahead to the beginning of the next section) abidemeans A bear B_ comprehend C refuse 4. Fifth paragraph ‘He... shooed the flies away from his eyes...’ (clue ~ ‘from his eyes’) shooed means A made a powerful pushing movement with his hands B_ aimed a violent kick at an animal/person © made a sound or movement to an animal to send it away 5 Fifth paragraph ‘If { was, to be honest, a little pur out...” (clue — read ahead to the end of the sentence) Putout means A. upset B impressed © puzzled From the paragraph options A-H: 6 Paragraph C'...riding his machine with the panache it deserved.’ (clue ~ read ahead to the next sentence) panache means A contempt B respect C style 7 Paragraph C ‘...himself padding alongside in a submissive way...” (clue ~ read ahead to the end of the sentence) submissive means A forgetting one’s purpose or reason, B_ yielding to the authority of others giving away no outward sign of emotion 8 Paragraph E ’...the hedges which flanked the path...’ (clue ~ read ahead to ‘the brambles arching over the pathway’) flanked means A completely covered B_ ran parallel to were on either side of 9 Paragraph B “...scratches on the beautiful blue and white enamel...” {clue ~read back to ‘wild roses... brambles... snaking thornily...) scratches means A. dirty marks that don’t easily come off B_ bits of vegetation left on a surface C damage to a surface made by something sharp —fe UNITS HELP WITH PUNCTUATION 4: Inverted commas Inverted commas are used: when we write the actual words which somebody said in dialogues in a narrative when we quote words or phrases when we use slang, technical terms, ete: ‘Hang on a moment” Isai. Jerry walked in and said, ‘Hello everybody. What's been going on?” The whole ‘deg hair thing,’ as Kendall cals it All these pets are ‘harmless, ‘friendly’ even. N.B. Other punctuation marks usually come inside the inverted commas. Add all the necessary punctuation to this short piece of narrative Robert looked down at the hole in his pullover what am I going to tell auntie he said tcll her you lost it I suggested shell knit vou another Robert didvu look convinced and was trying to take off the remains of his pullover hang on a moment I said ill help you I hadnt heard footsteps or the gate opening but suddenly I heard miss Lockes voice enquiring icily what on earth is going on here USE OF ENGLISH: Gapped sentences For questions 1-5, think of one word only which can be used appropriate all three sentences. The couple walked along in silence, each at a complete for words The company made a on the retail side of its business last year. The _of Joe Trent through injury affected the team’s performance greatly. Richard and Diana, who've been going out for years, have just decided 19___up. The three charities involved decided to the proceeds of the concert equally As she crossed the road, Barbara's plastic ba and the potatoes rolled off in all directions, Shouting is one way to vent to your emotions. We will not print any announce wents which may ollence to third parties. Inan argument, it’s important to as good as you get At the end of a long day, we decided to the road and head for home. Claire has not really __ it off with her new manager at work Dan has been __ very hard by Sally's decision to call off their engagement Ws to you which of the four alternative ways of paying you choose. Vim getting rather fed with so many rows in the office. Fm not really wd ling with the problem at the moment, Can we discuss it later?=3 All Right on the Night GRAMMAR: Clauses with whatever, however etc. For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. Whatever it may cost, I'm determined to complete the project. much However rm determined to complete the project. It may make him unpopular, but John never abandons his principles. sticks However - to his principles. Gloria has been in many types of films, but always seems to play the same character appears Whatever she always seems to play the same character It doesn’t matter which road you take, they all end up at the same place. lead Whichever . youto the same place. doesn’t matter where you go in the city, you're sure to see examples of modem architecture, there Wherever: examples of modern architecture to be seen. Um reminded of Marilyn Monroe every time I see Sally in that dress it Whenever 1 of Marilyn Monroe. The last person to leave the building should set the alarm. whoever The alarm, building last. The composer who writes the best song will conduct the orchestra. whichever The orchestra __ the best song. o—mem UNITS SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION 1 Complete each of the sentences with one word from the box. though through thought throughout thorough tough troughs distraught 1 He was alwaysa very person, no stone was ever left unturned. 2. Itdoesn’t matter how much you spend on a present, its the that counts. 3. ’'m sorry, Mr. Jones is not in the office today, could I put you to his secretary? 4 Wsrather ‘on Marion, having to walk all that way with such a heavy bag. 5 The history of the business has really been a long series of peaks and = __ the match, Tracy tried not to think about what she would do with the prize money if she 7. The young couple looked very when they learned that their new car had been stolen, 8 Tied he was, Mike was determined to cycle to the next village before nightfall. Put the words in the box into one of three lists, according to how the final sound is pronounced. The words in each list should rhyme with one of the words below the box. taught draught sought trough enough ought fraught tough laughed nought rough coughed caught distraught port /pa:t! craft /kea:ft/ stuff /staf/ Some words sound the same, but have different spellings depending on the meaning. For each sentence, choose the correct form from the alternatives given. One has been done for you as an example, © He sighted/cited an old textbook as his main source of reference. What sort/sought of car will you buy next? The tennis players walked on to the caugit/court just after two o'clock. ‘They arrived ot the race course/coarse just in time to see the first race. The weather was really fowl/foul, so they turned back after 2 while. Jason is hoping to become the next teenage pop idleidol Knowing that the burglar alarm was fitted to the house gave the family great piece/peace of mind when they were away on holiday. 7 Her son’s appearance on TV was a great sauce/source of pride for Mrs, Berkeley. 8 Sharon has been to choose the bridal/bridle gown for her wedding next spring. 9 The cinema was so full that people were sitting in the isle/aisle. awaune 10 I can’t bear/bare to see scenes of violence on TV. I have to switch it off. Do you know what the other words mean? Use a dictionary to check.UNITS READING: Lexical cloze 1 Look at the first paragraph of this text. Read it quickly. One phrasal verb is used four times in this paragraph. Can you find it? What does it mean? 2 Look at the first paragraph more closely and put an article, either a, an or the in each of the gaps 1-16. One has been done for you as an example. Who's a Pretty Plant Then? Plants are named after the great and (0)__the __good, the worthy and (1) _wealthy. Indeed, one of ) ‘greatest honours that can be bestowed upon anyone is to have (3) plant named after, them, Sometimes (4) person is famous and (5) naming of (6) plant is iu) __ natural succession to popularity and public acclaim. Actors, singers, dancers, royalty, and latterly 5 even (8) television news-reader, have all been honoured by having (9)__plant named after them. On occasion, (10) individual has had no public profile, but (11) _plant has become popular so that we feel we know them. Few people are likely to recognize (12) name of Maria Ann Smith, but most will have heard of (13) _apple named after her, (14)__ famous Granny Smith; (us) ‘case of the plant making (16) _person famous, 3 Now read the rest of the article and for questions 17-25, choose the answer (A, B, Gor D) which best fts each gap. to In years gone by, it was not always easy to determine that a plant had been named in honour of a person, because the name became Latinized. This was, (17) _ considered to be very chie, (18) __surely ‘only a socialite or an academic would have known that the Lilium mackliniae immortalized Jean Macklin, the wife of a famous botanist. In recent times, this practice has died out and now when a plant is named after a person itis clear for 1 everyone to see. The beautiful patio rose Anna Ford, (19) isa fitting tribute to the broadcaster, (20) former Nottingham Forest football manager. Brian Clough, is féted with a luminous, salmon-orange exhil on swt ped 21) who decides upon those who should be honoured in such a way? There are no hard and fast rules. (22) for the most part, plants are named by their breeders or originators, either as an honour to 2 someone near and dear, or as a mark of respect for the famous, But there are commercial undertones. If you can launch a new rose named after a really popular celebrity at a flower show and get that person to attend, then the press coverage received is enormous. (23) , if you decide to name your sweet pea after Barry Dare, the former Managing Director of your company, as Unwins Seeds of Cambridge did recently, then the commercial value is little. (24) the 8 honour for the person concerned is great, recognizing as it does the affection of the staff. Ifnobody is interested in naming a plant after you, (25) itis always possible to buy a new variety and have it named yourself. This is common practice amongst commercial companies, especially with roses, where names like Typhoo Tea, Benson and Hedges Gold and Yorkshire Bank serve as good advertisements. If you can come up with the cash, then you can buy the name rights to a new unnamed variety and name it alter » yourself or a member of your family. o—jams UNITS 17 Abowever B albeit 18 Aotherwise — Bbut 19 Aforexample — B nonetheless 20. Aindeed B when 21 ASo B Although 22, A Wherein B For instance 23 ATherefore Bn the other hand 24 AOwingto —_B Providing 25 Atherefore ——_B however Reference skills € therefore D for example C despite Dor Con the other hand D however C while D thereby C Likewise D siill cu D But € Otherwise D By all means € Despite D However yet Dihen Look back at these words and phrases which are in bold in the text. In each case say what each word or phrase ts referring to, One has been done for you as an example. them (line 3) S anyone ‘This (line 11) this practice (line 14) a such a way (line 18) that person (line 21) the person concerned (line 25) ‘This (line 27) = where (line 28) yourself (line 30) = Vocabulary Look back at the extract and find words that mean the following, Paragraph numbers are giver has been done for you as an example. 0 eer aneune a verb meaning to give someone an honour (1) ‘a noun meaning approval (1) an adverb meaning recently (1) a phrase meaning sometimes (1) aphrase meaning in the past (2) an adjective meaning stylish (2) an adjective meaning appropriate (3) a verb meaning honoured (3) a phrase meaning fixed (4) a phrase meaning find the money (6) Summary In a paragraph of between 50 and 70 words, summarize in your own words as far as possible, the various ways by which a new plant might get its name. brackets and oneUNITS sm GRAMMAR: Reported speech i When reported speech is introduced with a verb in the past tense, most of the verbs used in the direct speech version change to agree with that verb: “am tired,’ Tony said. Tony said he was tired. ‘Isit raining, Helen?” asked Tony Tony asked Helen ifit was raining ‘Tean't come on Friday,’ Milly explained. Milly explainted that she couldn't come on Friday. ‘Asa general rule, all present verb tenses change to past verb tenses, and all past verb tenses change to the past perfect tense: “Sally went to London last year,’ Tom said to Mary. Tom told Mary that Sally had been to London the previous year. “Have you ever met Chris?’ Graham asked Polly Graham asked Polly ifshe had ever met Chris. NB. Past perfect tenses and past modals do not change. ‘Thadn t thought ofthat,’ admitted John. John admitted that he hadn't thought ofthat. “Would you like a coffee, David? asked Wendy. Wendy asked David if he'd like a coffee. For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given 1 “Do you know Mrs, Trout’s phone number. Liz?" asked Darren. whether aren rarer poneloumber 2. ‘Could you pass me the newspaper please, Patty? asked her father. him Patty's __ the newspaper. 3 ‘I think it’s going to be a day to remember, said the sports commentator. was The sports commentator said he memorabte day. 4 Tit have to ring you back later, Tom, there’s somebody knocking at the door,’ said William. would William said __ later, as there was somebody knod wat the door. 5 The receptionist said to me, ‘I'm sorry, but would you mind repeating your surname please? asked The receptionist repeat 1g my surname 6 “Would you be able to phone Fiona for me please, Terry?" asked Zoe. if Zoe asked phone Fiona for her. 7mm UNITS READING: Lexical cloze For questions 1-12, read the following extracts from two reviews of the same new restaurant and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. The trouble with many London restaurants is that more planning seems to go into what's on the walls than goes into what goes on the plates. And, sadly, that is what (1) Sleaze. ‘one about the new restaurant called, ney number of fabulously fashionable eating places around the city. He’s certainly been clever in designing Sleaze. a lot, which is what you'd expect from the owner, Johnny Price who, after all, has created a ‘As you walk into the two-storey building, you feel as if you're back in the 1970s. (3) on the walls are advertising (4) from that decade, the floors are covered in hexagonal tiles, and the seating is mostly built-in circular sofas. But strangest of all, at the back of the restaurant, behind a glass wall, are the gleaming tanks of a working. brewery. Four (5) of the beer are on sale, and it’s not bad! It’s certainly 2 fun environment that makes a good talking (6) throughout the meal My dinner (7) _ main course, 1 Ablows B knocks C thumps D strikes 2 Apromises —— B warns C anticipates threatens 3 APlastered —_B Splattered _C Peppered D Smothered 4 Asscenes B images C snaps D icons 5 Abranches — Bvarieties —_C strains, D sorts 6 Amatter B focus C piece D point Sleaze by name... off to an excellent start, with an appetizer of wood-roasted vegetables. But for the made the (8) __ My dining partner, himself a chef, took one (9) enough , it seemed undercooked. I sent it back and when it (10) of ordering a salmon dish. It was more than an hour before it arrived and told me it was off. I sliced into it and sure to reappear after another 30 minutes, settled fora pizza topped with mozzarella, pesto and rocket. It was delicious. Surprisingly pleasant also was my dessert of basil and mascarpone cream with stewed rhubarb. In the end, ay the dinner had taken three times longer than it should have done. The only taste in my mouth when I saw the bill was a bitter one. Our meal for two (12) to the princely sum of £62 without service, 7 A took B got C went D made ; 8 Asin Bimistake —_C choice D fuss | 9 Astink B sneeze C sniff D snout 10 A missed B failed Chappened ——_D waited 11 Adespite — Bmoreover__€ therefore D however 12 Aattived, Became C reached D gotUNT Ss Comprehension 1 Say whether these statements are True or False, according to either writer's opinion, [thought the restaurant was going to be very good. The appearance of the restaurant is very impressive. ‘The brewery is an unnecessary distraction. Most of the food { ordered was disappointing, [felt that the service could have been better. The restaurant offers good value for money. 2 Having read the reviews, what rating out of ten do you think the restaurant deserves under these headings? Adécor____2 service 3 food 4drink 5 value 3° Whatis the topic of each paragraph in the reviews? 1 3 5 eens In each paragraph of the two reviews, what is the balance between: A description of the restaurant or food? Bithe writer’s opinion of the restaurant or food? 3 5 2 4 Where would you expect to find pieces of writing like this? Who do you think is likely to read them? How would you describe the style in which they are written? ING: A review have been asked by a local English-language magazine which is read by English-speaking visitors and dents in your home area, to write a review of two different restaurants; one which you would recommend, Jone which you would not. Write your review (300-350 words). ink about: ~ your target readers what they want to know ~the style you should adopt how to make the review interesting isbest, two separate reviews, or one longer piece which compares the two places? alonger piece: What kind of language could you use to make comparisons? How would the paragraphs be organized?mes UNITS READING: Multiple choice You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with entertainment, For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text CD of the Week If music weren't important, none of this would matter. A Clovis album wouldn't be something to tie yourself up in knots over, pondering such vital questions as: what do we want from our pop stars? Attitude, glamour, volatile behaviour which we watch from afar, fascinated, appalled, enraptured? No thanks. Or the Clovis model = regular boys. just like the friends you call at 6.00 pm on Friday night in the almost certain vo knowledge that they'll have nothing better to do than join you for a couple of drinks ora film, No, that doestt satisfy either, The advantage of the band’s plainness, however, is thar you know what to expect from them. ‘Those who loved the sorrow-tinged yet breezy 15, tunes on their first album will be just as satis by this latest offering, their third album. Listening to this CD is like coming home from travelling the world to find your slippers by the bed, and your favourite mug waiting for you in 20 the cupboard. Everything in its place, and as you remember. They'll never disappoint you because they never make claims for themselves. “We're a band for ordinary people; says their lead singer, and there’s nothing defensive in this claim, But 125, know what I want from an album and Clovis, for all their unquestionable proficiency, don’t have as much as a teaspoon of it! In the writer's Clovis A has been unfairly criticized, B contains rather uninspiring music C will not live up 10 the fans’ expectations. D__ isdisappointing compared to their other view, the new CD by the band albums. 2. Which phrase from the text best reveals the writer’s opinion of the band members? A. volatile behaviour (line 5) B__ regular boys (line 8) sorrow tinged (line 15) D__ nothing defensive (line 25) Sound of the Seventies In the 1970s the keyboard instrument known as the Moog synthesizer seemed like the epitome of futurism. Readers of a certain age will recall that these wieldy, multi-switched devices not only looked like they belonged in a NASA. mission control centre, but they emitted impressive-sounding drones and bleeps into the bargain. Playing one seemed to require a degree in engineering, and unconventional musicians to such as Brian Eno and Kraftwerk used them, For this was rock music’s cutting edge Now, over 30 years after its invention, the instruments digital successor continues to underpin the score in seminal pop anthers. But playing an original Moog is a different 9 experience from scrawling through the computerized menus of the modern digital keyboard. Like old guitars, each Moog had its ‘own personality that came from having been individually-designed on a workbench. This” meant they had to be warmed up before you could go beserk on the buttons. Despite the cost (about £3,000 second-hand. plus a further £300 for retuning), the pleasure of owning a working classic will far outweigh 25 any derived from the flat, bland-sounding result of playing the latest digital models,3) Which phrase from the text best summarizes the status of the Moog synthesizer in its early years? A_ epitome of futurism (lines 2-3) B__impressive-sounding drones and bleeps (line 7) C seminal pop anthems (line 14) D__ go beserk on the buttons (line 22) 4 In this extract, the writer’s main purpose is to A compare two dilferent types of musical instrument. B argue in favour of certain techniques in instrument making encourage readers to invest in an antique instrument. D take a nostalgic look at a period of musical history. Notes to accompany the CD boxed set “This is probably the mest starry Verdi recording so far this century. There have been more important releases of the composer's works in recent years in terms of rarity value, but it looks s_ unlikely that there will be an opera set te match this one for sheer musicianship for some time to come A less than wholly successful stage production, lies behind the recording. This Falstaff started vo life at a spring music festival in Germany, conducted by Colin Baldacci, but without singer Griff Berwyn, who was unable to appear at the last minute. ‘Then the production showed up again at a summer festival in Salzburg, with Berwyn singing, but Baldacci no longer scheduled to conduct. So these CDs, recorded in Berlin a year later, present a souvenir of a cast that never quite managed to get it together in the theatre, Never mind: itis the standard of the end result, rather than any sense of live occasion, that matters here. I'm sure that if Verdi were alive to hear what one of today’s top orchestras can. achieve with this miraculous score, it would probably leave him open-mouthed. They have indeed done him proud. 20 5 The writer praises this recording for A its imaginative interpretation of Verdi's music. B__ the inclusion of less well-known works by Verdi its faithtul recreation of a memorable live production. D the excey jonally fine performances it brings together. 6 The writer suggests that if Verdi could hear this CD, he would be A. disappointed with aspects of it B full of admiration for it C__ unable to recognize his own work D__ unsure of how to react to it —UNIT Tip of my Tongue READING: Multiple choice You are going to read an extract from a book about m which you think fits best according to the text , choose the answer (A, B. Cor D) Jory. For questions IH ‘THE MAKING OF MEMORY ‘Memories are our most enduring characteristic In old age we ean remember our childhood 80 or more years ago; a chance remark can conjure up a face, a name, a vision of sea or mountains once seen and apparently long forgotten. Memory defines who we are and shapes how we act more closely than any other aspect of our personhood, All of life is a trajectory from experienced past to unknown future, illuminated only during the always receding instant we call the present, the moment of our actual, conscious experience. Yet (our present appears continuous with our past, grows out of it, is shaped by it, because of our capacity for memory. It is this which prevents the past from being lost, as unknowable as the future. It is memory hich Thus provides time with its arrow. For each of us, our memories are unique. You can lose a limb, have plastic surgery, a kidney transplant or a sex-change operation, yet you are still in an important sense recognizably yourself as long as your memories persist. We know who, we are, and who other people are, in terms of memory. Lose your memory and you as you, ease to exist, which is why clinical cases of amnesia are so endlessly fascinating and fright- ching. Advocates of cryonics, that Californian, fantasy of quick-freezing the dead until future advances in medical technology can bring them. back to life, recognize this; they propos puter backup store for the frozen corpse's mem ries which may somehow be read into the revived body at a future time. But our own human memories are not embedded in a com- puter, they are encoded in the brain, in the ten 35, billion nerve cells that comprise the human cere- brum — and the connections and_ pathways between these cells. Memories are living proce es, which become transformed, imbued with yew meanings each time we recall them. « Most of us worry that we have a poor memory, that we forget faces, vital appointments. Yet the scale and extent of what any one of us can remember are prodigious. Imagine sitting down, and looking at a photograph for a few seconds. #5 ‘Then another, then another. Suppose that a weck later I show you the photographs again, each accompanied by a new, different one, and ask you to say which you had seen before. How many photographs do you think you could iden- so tify correctly before your memory ran out or you became confused? When [asked my colleagues in the lab, their guesses ranged from 20 to 50. Yet when the experiment is done in reality most peo- ple can identify accurately at least 10,000 differ- ent photographs without showing any signs of ‘running out’ of memory capacity Do we then really forget at all? Are all our past experiences, as some schools of psychoanalysis maintain, encoded in some way within our 6 brains, so that, if only we could find the key to accessing them, every detail of our past would become as transparent to us as is the present moment of our consciousness? Or is forgetting functional, so that we record and remember only « those things which we have reason to believe are important for our future survival? If that were so, then to have a perfect memory would not bea.UNIT 6 mmm 8s help but a hindrance in our day-to-day existence, and the long search for techniques or drugs to improve our memory ~a search which goes back far into antiquity ~ would be at best a chimera, Above all, how do we remember? How can the subtleties of our day-to-day experiences, the joys and humiliations of childhood, the trivia of last night’s supper or the random digits of a passing car’s numberplate become represented within the mix of molecules, of ions, proteins and lipids that make up the ten billion nerve cells of our brain? Itis hard enough to envisage such a great number of cells, it is enough to note that each human brain contains getting on for three times as many nerve cells as there are people alive on the earth today, and that if you were to begin counting the connections between them at the Why is memory described as our most enduring characteristic? A B c D Old people can remember details of their ‘own childhood. It provides a link between our past and our future. All our actions and behaviour are products of our memory. Itis an individual characteristic, unknowable to other people. People are fascinated by cases of amnesia because A B c D isa highly unusual condition. if represents a loss of individual identity. it can be brought on by routine medical treatment, they are afraid that others will not recognize them. What doubts does the author have about eryonics? A Icoversimplifies the problem B__ It originated in California. C__ Itis completely unscientific. D__Itis too reliant on computers. What is shown by the experiment using photographs? A Memory can easily be improved. B We worry unnecessarily about our memory. © We underestimate our memory. D__ The human memory is very powerlul rate of one every second, it would take you any- thing from three to thirty milion years to com- plete your tally. Enough here perhaps to store the memories of a lifetime. And yet there is @ problem. During a human life- 9 time every molecule of our body is replaced many times over, cells die and are replaced, the connections between them are made and broken thousands, pethaps millions of times. Yet despite this great flux which constitutes our biological 9% existence, memories remain, No memory within @ computer could survive such a complete turnover of all the machine's constituent parts. ‘Somehow just as the shapes of our bodies persist despite the ceaseless ebb and flow of their molec- 1 ular components, so do our memories, embed- ded in the structure and processes of the brain. 5 How might having a perlect memory be a problem? A. We would confuse present and past. B_ We would remember a lot of irrelevant things. C We would need to take drugs to maintain it, D__ We would exhaust the amount of memory available. 6 According to the author, the human brain differs from a computer because of A the amor B the speed at which it operates. C the range of material it can process. D its ability to renew itsell nt it can store. 7 The expressions flux, turnover, and ebb and flow are all used in the final paragraph to describe A. arate of change. B__ the consequences of change. C astate of change D__ problems associated with change.Vocabulary Look back at the extract and find words that mean the following, Paragraph numbers are given in brackets and one has been done for you as an example. I 0 eer awewne 10 un 2 Reference skills Look at these words which are in bold in the extract. In each case say what the word is referring to. One has been. done for you as an example. o eer awaune n 2 Word stress Underline the stressed syllable on each of these words from the text: 1 a 3 an adjective meaning, lasts a long time (1) enduring a phrasal verb meaning fo bring to mind (1) a noun meaning a type of line (1) a noun meaning: loss of memory (2) ‘a noun meaning people in favour of someting (2) _ an adjective meaning wonderfully large (3) = a noun meaning something which gets in the way (4) = | a noun meaning a fanciful idea (4) ‘a noun meaning events leading fo feelings of low-esteem (5) a noun meaning unimportant details (5) a verb meaning imagine (5) —_ = ‘a noun meaning a record of a count (5) an adjective meaning deeply buried (6) a in(line 13) = __our past _ this (line 14) them jlinczo} = samuel they (line 30) een they (line 35) = them (line 40) = one (line 48) them (line 62) that (line 67) Loi here (line 88) = them (line 93) " so do (line 101): _ characteristic @ accompanied 7 connection 10 constituent illuminated 5 humiliation Bembedded LT subtteties. unknowable appointment 9 recognizably 12. componentsUNIT 6 sm Prefixes and suffixes 1 Look at these two words from the extract. Draw lines to show where there are any prefixes and sullixes. encoded embedded 2. Look back at the context in which the words were used. Why has this sullix been used? 3. The prefix enris sometimes used instead of en. Can you think of more examples? GRAMMAR: Gerund and infinitive * Some verbs are followed always by a gerund and some always by an infinitive: Lenjoy playing games that involve using my memory. find that Iam: unable to remember numbers very accurately. '* Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, but the meaning may change: ‘Try to remember the phone number. Please do it; it's important. ‘Try remembering the phone number. = I would be a good idea. I remembered to post the letter. Ididn’t forget. I remember posting the leter. = V'm sure I did it 1 Choose the correct form from the alternatives in brackets in each of these sentences. 1 Are you able (10 memorize/memorizing) people's phone numbers? Do you remember (to go/going) to the post office last Wednesday? Some people find images easier (remembering/to remember) than words. I must remember (érying/to try) and phone Phil this evening. I've got a message for bitn You can’t remember complicated instructions without (to make/making) notes. (To memorizelMemorizing) data is a learned skill that requires a lor of work, ‘The professor recommends (usiig/to use) nmonics as an aid to memory. Actors say there is no easy way (to learn/for learning) their lines. pesitate (calling/to call) me if you need any help. 10m looking forward (to hear/te hearing) from you in due course. eerawaun Please don’ 11 thaven’t managed (to find/finding) a jacket to match my new pair of trousers. 12 Do you dare (wo ask/asking) the visiting expert such a leading question? 2 Divide the verbs in the box into two categories: A— those generally followed by an. ive and B - those generally followed by a gerund, Some verbs may appear in both categories, depending on their use, admit avoid resist face offer miss intend regret finish want risk mention forgive decide postpone expect consider refuse hope learn plan A(+ infinitive) B (+ gerund) = s—