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21ST Century Literature from the Philippines

and the World

Quarter 2 – Module
The Roles of the different context in enhancing the text
meanings and in enriching the reader’s understanding.
21st CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 –Module - Contemporary Period of Philippine Literature:
Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimension
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jimar Caparan Balo
Editors: Sheradee Presillas, Mark Fil L. Tagsip, Nancy P. Sumagaysay
Reviewers:
Illustrator: Melchor S. Aba-a
Layout Artist: Mark Fil L. Tagsip
Management Team: NAME
NAME
NAME

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – RegionXI

Office Address: F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax: (082) 291-1665; (082) 221-6147

E-mail Address: region11@deped.gov.ph * lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph

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21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World

Quarter 2 – Module

The Roles of the Different context in enhancing the text meanings and in enriching the
Reader’s understanding.
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Grade 11- 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module about how different context enhance the text
meanings and enrich the readers understanding.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 11- 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module about how different context enhance the text
meanings and enrich the reader’s understanding.

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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know

This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you

link the current lesson with the previous
one.

What’s New

In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

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 What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which

will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be

given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in

the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

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 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you learn about
how the different context enhance the text meanings and enrich the reader’s understanding.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of learners. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

● discuss how different context enhance the text meaning and enrich the reader’s
understanding.

Enjoy your journey. Good luck!

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 What I Know

Direction: Read the sentences below carefully. Write True if the statement is correct and
False if it is otherwise. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

____________1. A biographical context places a particular literary work within the context
of the Author’s life.
____________2. Linguistic context considers the Author’s life and the circumstances under
which the literary work was written.
____________3. Authorial context is similar with that of the Biographical context in a certain
text.
____________4. Autobiographies by the author or by people who knew him or her is the
main focus in socio-cultural context.
____________5. SocioCultural context is about how a particular literary work depicts
society.
_____________6. Works of history or sociology that consider’s strengths and not
weaknesses are the main factors of Sociocultural context.
_____________7.Understanding the Author’s background can help you understand more the
meaning of a certain literary text.
____________8. The concept of reading through a linguistic context focuses on the used of
language in a literary work and the conveyance of its message.
____________9. Analyzing the content of the text is one of the strategies of linguistic
context.
____________10. All the different context of reading literary work can enhance the reader’s
understanding except the linguistic approach.

Lesson
Introduction to the different context of reading literary works.
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 There are many ways of reading literary works. It is importance to know the meaning
of the text so that you will begin to learn and appreaciate the author’s work. In the concept of
reading text and other literary works, the different context are helpful not only in
understanding it but also in internalizing it so that the reader can find it meaningful and
enjoyable.
Different authors have different views, mindsets, backgrounds and on the otherhand
the readers also differ from the writer. This lesson will help you understand the text better in
your everyday need.

What’s In

Literature is from the latin term “litera” which means letter. It deals with ideas,
thoughts and emotions of man, so literature can be said to be the story of man. Man’s love,
grief, thoughts, dreams, and aspirations are capsuled in a beautiful language called
Literature. In the language and style that the author wants to convey, the reader tries to
unlock the true meaning and form of a certain literary work. The different genres that you
learn in the previous lesson will help you better in extracting the style and form of such
literary woks that the writer formulates.
It is better to read the literary text in a way that we can unravel the real meaning of
it.As what we have learn from the previous lesson, the different genres, forms and styles of a
literary works are used to guide the mindset and vision of the readers. The best attribute of a
good literary work is the fact that such can fully function according to what the writer wants
it to be.
The interpretation and understanding of the readers function as a way to make the
creative work alive. It facilitate to relay the message and information that the writer wants it
to be. To understand better and enrich the reader’s imagination, available context like
Biographical, Linguistic, Socio-cultural and the likes are designed to facilitate the flow of
learning in a meaningful manner. Let us try to learn those context.

What’s New

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Jose Rizal wrote “KUNDIMAN” in tagalog where he expresses his belief in necessary
sacrifice for freedom.This term is typically derived from the phrase “kung hindi man”
according to scholars. A freedom that will cost even his own life. Read and answer the
questions that follow.

KUNDIMAN

Tunay ngayong umid yaring dila’t puso

Sinta’y umiilag, tuwa’y lumalayo

Bayan palibhasa’y lupig at sumuko

Sa kapabayaan ng nagturong puno.

Datapuwa’t muling sisikat and araw,

Pilit maliligtas ang inaping bayan,

Magbabalik mandin at muling iiral.

Ang ngalang Tagalog sa sandaigdigan,

Ibubuhos namin ang dugo’t babaha

Matubos nga lamang ang sa amang lupa

Habang di ninilang panahong tadhana,

Sinta’y tatahimik,iidlip ang nasa.

-Jose Rizal-

Guide Questions:
Direction: Answer the following questions.

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1. What is the message of the poem?

_______________________________________________________________

2. What themes can be derived from the poem?

_______________________________________________________________

3. Where is the love dedicated to in the poem?

________________________________________________________________

4. What social conflict is intended to be shown in the poem?

________________________________________________________________

In another poem called “PANSAMANTALA”, let us reflect on the message that the author is
trying to convey.Read the poem carefully and answer the guide questions below.
PANSAMANTALA
Nakagisnan, nakasanayan,
Mahirap Iwaglit sa isipan.
Kung ang mundo’y may pasanin,
Ang sarili ay bigyang pansin.

Sa kalusugan mo dapat mapagmasid,

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 Mag-ingat sa COVID na nasa paligid,
Katawan at isip moy palakasin,
Buong pagkatao ay pagyamanin.

Bawat isa ay kabahagi ng bayanihan,

Suliranin ng sambayanan ay kayang lampasan.
Bigkis ng bawat pamilya ay pinalakas,
Nakitang pagmamahalan ng bawat isa’y wagas.

Sa panahon ng pandemya,pangarap ay naantala.

Ngunit bawat isa’y di nangangamba.
Mga bayaning filipino katapanga’y nakikita,
Bawat isa ay nanalig na panahon ngayo’y pansamantala.
-Aisah M. Lingasa-

Guide Questions:
Direction: Answer the following questions.

1. What is the message of the poem?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2.What do you think is the social problem shown in the poem?

_________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

3.What is the idea for resolving the social problem?Explain

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_______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

What is It

Contextual Reading
Biographical Context
Contextual reading in text and other literary works is important in order to enhance your
understanding. The approach to follow Biographical context requires an understanding of the
Author’s background. In studying the author, we will be able to connect the characters and
moral values shown to the life of the author. This includes the pattern of behavior,
principles,visions so that we can connect to the author’s idea and get to know our ownselves.
Biographical context- places a particular literary work within the context of the Author’s
life. While exploring biographical context, useful sources includes biographies of the author,

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autobiographies or memoirs by the author or by people who knew him or her and critical
works that give close attention to the author’s life.
For example, in your class, the teacher would ask the students to read the life of Francisco
Baltazar before introducing and discussing the “Florante at Laura”. This is because the
author’s background may affect his or her way of writing. According to Gioia and Kennedy
in 2007, there are reasons to read literature through the biographical context, first,
understanding the author’s life can help you understand his or her work thoroughly, and
second, reading the author’s biography or autobiography helps you see how much his
experiences shape his or her work directly and indirectly.
According to scholars, there are strategies that may be used in reading through biographical
or sometimes called Authorial,to wit:
1. Make some research on Author’s Belief.
2. Analyze how the Author’s belief is inculcated in his work.
3. Identify any pattern in the variety of works of the Author.

Linguistic Context

As we recall, literature is from the latin term litera which means letter. It requires the use
of language and style. According to David Ritchter, ‘practically everything we do that is
specifically human is expressed in language”.This is the reason why its important to consider
the language and the use of language in the literary text.According to Roland Barthes,it
follows the famous maxim,”the author is dead” because this context focuses on the language
used and how its conveyed to the reader.
For instance, in the poem of KUNDIMAN by Jose Rizal, what are striking words?or
those words that are unfamiliar to you,what is the tone of the reader?or is he sad or happy?
what is the background of the poem or picture?does that relate to the message of the poem?
Here, you can observe that there are many striking words,the tone is a bit sad,the
background is a symbol of struggle.
There are some reasons to read literature in a linguistic concept,
First,reading it through linguistic context may help you understand the text through
analyzing the words, sentences,patterns and the likes. Second,it may help you find its
meaning within its form. This may involve analyzing the choice of words, diction, examining
the content,syntax, mode, tone and the over-all structure. Here are some of the
theories,approaches or perspective that may be used to interpret a text in a linguistic form.

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 Perspective/approaches Meaning
Formalism A literary theory that examines the text
without considering the outside influence.
Structuralism A perspective that relays the text to a larger
structure like a genre,motifs, pattern or model
of a universal narrative.
Poststructuralism A reaction to structuralism, an underlying
structure that may lead to different
interpretations.

Socio-cultural Context
In our previous discussion on Biographical Context,it is important to consider the period
within which the literary text was made. This is because historical events can help the reader
extract the root causes of conflicts and the underlying reasons in it. The interest, motives of
character can be presumed by the readers in such a historic or memorable way.
For instance, the poem illustrated here on KUNDIMAN by Jose Rizal, where it can be drawn
that on that period,there were problems of occupation,discrimination and lack of freedom.
Socio-cultural context is about how a particular literary work depicts society. Sources you
might talk about the strengths, weaknesses and changes occuring in the society. This is
illustrated in our example on the poem “PANSAMANTALA” by Aisah Lingasa, where it
conveys the message of struggles,bravery,hope and love during this time of COVID-19
pandemic.
According to Wilbur Scott,”Art is not created in a Vacuum; it is the work not simply of a
person, but of an author fixed in time and space, answering a community of which he is an
important, articulate part.
Here are some of the reasons for reading through sociocultural context; First, it helps you
understand the social, economic, cultural and political forces. Second, it can help you
examine the role of audience in the development of literature.
This will include also, examining the connection and relationship of the character in the
society, issues of gender, group affiliations and the likes. The social conflict, power struggle
and possible solutions thereat. There are different perspectives also that we can use to
interpret using the sociocultural context
like,MARXISM,FEMINISM,HISTORICISM,POSTCOLONIALISM,and NEW HISTORICISM.

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All of these are the several sociological, economic and cultural perspective that can help us
interpret the literary text.

What’s More

Activity 1. Lets reflect and react!

Direction: Recall one memorable literary work (poem,story,movie,etc..) and fill in the details
below. Write it in your answer sheet or a separate paper.
Biographical Context

Literary Work Describe of the Author Message of the Literary

(Poem,Story,Movie,etc..) work

1. Title:________________

Characters:

2. (optional)

Characters:

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Activity 2. Let us explore!
Direction:Recall one Literary work and fill in the details below.
Sociocultural Context
Literary Work Characters Social Conflict Resolution
( the problem in the story) (solution to the problem)

1. ___________
_____________
_____________.
2. (Optional)

Activity 2. Lets Check it!

Direction: Recall and provide one(1) Poem and fill in the details below.
Linguistic Context
POEM Striking words Image/Background Tone
(unfamiliar words) (Describe the picture) (Is the speaker happy or sad?)

1. Title:_______
_____________
_____________.

2. (Optional)

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 What I Have Learned
Direction: Write down some of your understanding about the lesson on
Contextual Reading.

Reading literary works through Biographical context can enhance

my understanding
because ,_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Reading literary works through Linguistic context can enhance my

understanding because ,
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Reading literary works through Sociocultural context can enhance

my understanding
because ,______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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What I Can Do
Direction: After understanding the important details of our lesson, try to
formulate an ESSAY on the scenario below.
If you are to make a movie,what sort of a story its all about?

Assessment

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Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer, write it in your answer sheet.
1.A famous author of Florante at Laura is ____________________.
2. We can enhance our understanding by learning about the _______ a work was written?
3.____________ is a context in reading text that analyzes the language and its use.
4.____________ places a particular literary work within the context of the Author’s life.
5.____________ is a context in reading text that considers the period to identify the historical
events that took place.
6.____________ is the author of the poem “Kung hindi man”.
7.____________ is the other term for Authorial context.
8.____________ is a famous scholar who said that in linguistic context,typically it has the
effect of considering the author’s background as dead.
9.____________is a famous scholar who said that “Art is not created in a vacuum”, it is fixed
in time and place.
10.___________.A perspective in linguistic context that examines a text without taking into
consideration any outside influence.

Additional Activities
DIRECTION: As an additional activity, Look for interviews online particularly filipino
writers and find out what are their motivation in writing literary piece. How about you?what
do you think will be your motivation?

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 My motivation is________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.

REFERENCES:

(K to 12 learning modules,Google.com,Academia.edu,Merriam-Webster)

Answer Keys
What I Know:
1. True 6.False
2. False 7. True
3. True 8. True
4. False 9. True
5. True 10.False

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 Assessment:
1. Francisco Baltazar 6. Jose Rizal
2. Year or period 7. Biographical
3. Linguistic 8. Roland Barthes
4. Biographical 9. Wilfur Scott
5. Sociocultural 10. Formalism

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph