ASSESSMENT (Submission: June 25, 2022)

Name: ARABELLA JUD B. DE JESUS Date: JUNE 25, 2022

Course and Year: BSBA-MM-1-1 Module No. 3- The Agent

Lesson No. 1- The Human Act

Direction: Explain each question and provide concise answers with some relevant
examples for clarification, if necessary.

1. Mrs. Cruz is a rich businesswoman. Her only son was kidnapped and the kidnappers
asked Php 50 million. Mrs. Cruz gave the money right away. What is your judgement on
the action taken by Mrs. Cruz? Is it moral? Why?
‘Only human acts are moral acts for man is responsible only for them and such acts are
imputed to him as worthy of praise or blame, of reward or punishment’. This action taken by
Mrs. Cruz is an act of man, it is not considered morally good nor morally wrong. In this case, as
what is being stated above, human act is the only moral acts of a man, but in this situation, Mrs.
Cruz’s act is not deliberately a free will of a man it is an act which brought by the kidnappers,
she is not the master of her actions and it is beyond her control. It is not moral simply because it
is not a human act but act of man, Mrs. Cruz’s action will definitely not be imputed as worthy of
praise or blame or ever of reward or punishment. It is natural for Mrs. Cruz to perform that
action because her son is at risk, and she did not act willingly. Cause who would predict such
situation and voluntarily gave a big sum of money to a kidnapper right? unless you are the one
who’s the master of the action and is responsible.

2. Differentiate the following:

A. human act and act of man
A human act is an act which proceeds from the deliberate free will of man. This free act
is called human because it is an act that is proper to man as man. While an act of man is an act
which man performs but he is not the master of it for he has not consciously controlled it, has not
deliberately willed it, and is subsequently not responsible for it. Ethics is not concerned with acts
of man but only with human acts.

B. amoral and immoral

Amoral is one who is unaware (does not know) how to distinguish between what is
wrong and what is right. An amoral person has no sense of caring or conscience if the action they
are doing is "morally wrong" or vice versa. Therefore, an amoral person has not accepted the
moral standards set by society by which they might be judged. On the other hand, immoral is
someone who does things that are not good enough in a moral sense. Thus, this person continues
to do things even if he knows it is really wrong.

C. elicited act and commanded act

Human acts are either elicited or commanded acts. Elicited acts are only formed or made
inside us specifically in our will itself only having 50% possibility to happen while commanded
acts are acts that are done or happened. Elicited acts are those performed by the will and are not
bodily externalized. Paul Glenn enumerated the following elicited acts such as wish, intention,
consent, election, use, and fruition. Commanded acts are those done either by man’s mental or
bodily powers under the command of the will, it can be either internal or external actions.